Sequence Framework and Sequence Filling Style in Lacustrine Rift Basin: Taking Paleogene in Baxian Sag as an Example
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摘要: 不整合界面被认为是一个具有等时意义的界面，在陆相断陷盆地中这些规模大小不一的不整合界面通常对应着不同级别的层序边界.本次以霸县凹陷古近系为研究目标，基于2 552 km2三维地震，结合工区内800余口探井钻/测井、岩心及前人研究成果等资料.以构造-层序分析为主线，由盆地结构入手分析构造演化和不整合面特征，分构造层系梳理不整合面及相对应的整合面与层序界面之间的对应关系，明确不同物源和古构造背景下的层序结构样式和沉积体系充填响应模式.将古近系划分为1个一级层序，3个二级层序和14个三级层序，结合断陷盆地构造演化过程在霸县凹陷识别4类9种层序充填样式.认为陆相断陷湖盆幕式构造演化过程中层序的充填过程同样具有旋回性和分段性特征.断陷湖盆层序充填具有多样性，层序旋回结构具有不对称性，体系域发育具有不完整性等特征.通过建立典型断陷盆地层序结构和沉积体系发育特征响应模型，为同类型盆地中的岩性油气勘探提供必要的理论方法和技术支持.Abstract: Unconformity interface is considered to be an isochronal interface. In lacustrine basin, these unconformity interfaces of different sizes usually correspond to sequence boundaries of different levels. In this study, It takes the typical asymmetrical half-graben of the Paleogene Baxian sag, in Bohai Bay basin as the study object, and is based on 2 552 km2 3D seismic data, combined with more than 800 wells/logs, cores and previous research results. Utilizing tectonic-sequence analysis method, starting with the basin structure analysis, in this paper it analyzes the structural evolution and unconformity surface characteristics, sorts out the unconformity surface and the corresponding relationship between the integration surface and the sequence interface according to the structural strata, and clarifies the sequence archtecture under the different provenance and paleostructures. The Paleogene in Baxian sag is divided into 1 first-order sequence, 3 second-order sequences and 14 third-order sequences, and four types and nine sedimentary filling patterns under established sequence framework. It is believed that the filling process of sequence is similar to tectonic activity, and has the characteristics of segmentation and episode. The sequence filling of lacustrine rift basin is diverse, the sequence cycle structure is asymmetric, and the system tract is incomplete. By establishing a typical sequence architecture and sedimentary model in rift basin, it provides the necessary theoretical methods and technical support for lithologic oil and gas exploration in the same type of basin.
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Key words:
- sequence stratigraphy /
- unconformity surface /
- 3D seismic /
- rift lacustrine basin /
- Paleogene /
- Baxian sag /
- sedimentology
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图 1 冀中坳陷霸县凹陷工区位置及地震剖面分布
据华北油田勘探开发研究院(2015)和张自力等(2019)修改. a.工区位置及三维地震覆盖区域；b.霸县凹陷古近系充填特征
Fig. 1. Location of the Baxian sag in Jizhong depression and the locations of seismic sections
图 2 霸县凹陷古近系不整合面特征及分布
剖面位置见图 1. a.霸县凹陷地震主线方向地层结构剖面；b-b’. T6反射层及波组差异和地质解释；c-c’. Tg反射层及地层削截和地质解释；d-d’. T2反射层及波组差异和地质解释；e-e’. T4-T7反射层及波组差异和地质解释
Fig. 2. The characteristics and distribution of unconformity of Paleogene in Baxian sag
图 3 冀中坳陷霸县凹陷工区位置及地震剖面分布
Fig. 3. Paleotectonic framework of Es3 in Baxian sag and distribution of the key sections
图 4 霸县凹陷中南段L1剖面古近系构造岩演化
剖面位置见图 1
Fig. 4. Paleogene tectonic evolution in the L1 section of the southern part of the Baxian sag
图 5 霸县凹陷古近系联络测线方向一级、二级层序界面地震反射界面特征及单井岩/电响应特征图
井及剖面位置见图 3. SP单位为mV
Fig. 5. The lithology and electrical characteristics of mage/super sequence boundary interface and seismic reflection in crossline direction of Paleogene in Baxian sag
图 6 霸县凹陷古近系三级层序界面岩电响应特征图版
井平面位置见图 3. a.岩相突变面；b.古风化作用面-风化壳；c.侵蚀作用面-区域性不整合界面及底砾岩层；d.侵蚀作用面-下切河道；e.侵蚀作用面-水下下切河道；f.沉积相带转换面-退积/进积转换面；g.沉积相带转换面-加积/进积转换面；h.事件性沉积界面-盆底扇；i.事件性沉积界面-玄武岩.SP单位为mV; GR单位为APz
Fig. 6. The lithology and electrical characteristics of third-order sequence boundary of Paleogene in Baxian sag
图 7 霸县凹陷古近系三级层序界面地震反射特征类型图版
a⁃a’.整一/削蚀接触关系；b⁃b’.整一/整一接触关系；c⁃c’.超覆/削蚀接触关系；d⁃d’.整一/削截接触关系；e⁃e’.超覆/整一接触关系
Fig. 7. Seismic interface reflection and pattern interpretations of third⁃order sequence boundaries in Baxian sag of Paleogene
图 8 霸县凹陷古近系层序界面及响应特征
据张自力等(2019)修改.原始数据来源于华北油田勘探开发研究院
Fig. 8. The response characteristics of sequence boundary of Paleogene in Baxian sag
图 9 霸县凹陷古近系三级层序结构发育样式图
井及剖面位置见图 3
Fig. 9. Third-order sequence identification and seismic sequence boundaries interface in key well of Paleogene in Baxian sag
图 10 霸县凹陷古近系SQ5-SQ7重点井连井层序对比剖面
井及剖面位置见图 3
Fig. 10. Stratigraphic correlation between key wells from SQ5 to SQ7 of Paleogene in Baxian sag
图 11 霸县凹陷古近系厚度及层序结构样式
Fig. 11. The stratigraphy thickness and sequence characteristics of Paleogene in Baxian sag
图 12 霸县凹陷古近系层序结构样式及充填特征
Fig. 12. Sequence structure and filling characteristics of Paleogene in Baxian sag
表 1 霸县凹陷古近系层序划分及地层接触特征
Table 1. The sequence framwork and stratigraphic contact characteristics of Paleogene in Baxian sag
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表 2 霸县凹陷古近系层序结构特征对比
Table 2. The sequence framwork and characteristics of Paleogene in Baxian sag
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