Monitoring Lake Level Variations in Dongting Lake Basin over 2003—2017 Using Multi-mission Satellite Altimetry Data
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摘要: 利用ICESat-1和CryoSat-2测高数据获取了2003—2017年洞庭湖流域内湖泊的水位信息，分析了湖泊水位的时间变化过程，并结合TRMM卫星降水数据及人类用水等数据，讨论了湖泊水位变化对气候及人类活动的响应.结果表明，流域中80%的湖泊在2003—2009年呈现出水位下降趋势（-0.18~-0.09 m/a）；75%的湖泊在2010—2017年呈现出水位稳定或上升趋势（0~0.39 m/a）；总体来看，75%的湖泊在2003—2017年呈现出水位上升趋势（0.02~0.22 m/a）.分析表明，湖泊水位变化为多种因素共同作用的结果，降水为近年来洞庭湖流域内湖泊水位变化的主要驱动因子；以三峡水库为代表的水库运行会对湖泊水位产生季节性影响；同时，人类用水的持续增长也对湖泊水位有一定的影响.多源测高卫星为长时序大范围的湖泊水位监测提供了有力的手段，这对研究湖泊水位变化及其与气候和环境的响应具有重要意义.Abstract: Due to the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities, water resource issues are challenging and have been received much attention worldwide. Over the last few decades, the development of satellite altimetry has enabled the monitoring of lake levels over a large spatial extent. In this work, water-level changes from lakes in Dongting Lake basin were derived from ICESat-1 and CryoSat-2 altimetry data during the period of 2003 to 2017. The temporal variation of lake water levels was analyzed to characterize the water level dynamics in different periods. The TRMM satellite precipitation data and human water consumption data were collected to identify the responses of lake water level changes to both climate change and human activities. The results indicate that 80% of the lakes in the basin exhibite a downward trend (-0.18 to -0.09 m/a) in lake water levels in 2003—2009, while 75% of the lakes show a stable or rising trend (0-0.39 m/a) in water levels in 2010—2017. In general, 75% of the lakes show a rising trend (0.02-0.22 m/a) in water levels during the period of 2003 to 2017. The analysis reveals that the change of lake water levels is the result of a combination of multiple factors. Precipitation is the main driving factor for lake water level change. In addition, the operation of reservoirs produced a seasonal variation in the water level of lakes. The continued growth of human water consumption also has a certain impact on the lake water level. Multi-mission altimetry satellite provides a powerful tool for the long-term and large-scale monitoring of lake level variations, which is of great significance to the study of lake level change and its response to climate and environment.
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Key words:
- satellite altimetry /
- lake water level /
- Dongting Lake basin /
- ICESat-1 /
- CryoSat-2 /
- hydrogeology
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图 2 两颗卫星在东洞庭湖的湖面足迹点(a)及高程异常点移除示意图(b, c)
Fig. 2. The map of lake footprints (a) and outliers removal (b, c) of two satellites on East Dongting Lake
图 3 东洞庭湖及南洞庭湖的卫星测高水位与水文站实测水位的相关性
R表示相关系数，P表示显著性值，N表示点数
Fig. 3. Correlation between water level derived by satellite altimetry and the in-situ observations in East and South Dongting Lakes
图 4 2003—2009年(a)及2010—2017年(b)洞庭湖流域湖泊水位变化图
Fig. 4. The map of lake level change in Dongting Lake basin during the period of 2003—2009 (a) and 2010—2017 (b)
图 5 2003—2017年东洞庭湖及南洞庭湖水位时间序列图
Fig. 5. Time series water level of East Dongting Lake and South Dongting Lake from 2003 to 2017
图 6 基于TRMM 3B43数据的洞庭湖流域2003—2017年降水变化
Fig. 6. The change chart of annual precipitation derived by TRMM 3B43 data in Dongting basin during 2003—2017
图 7 湖泊年均水位与流域年降水量相关性分析
Fig. 7. Correlation between the annual average lake levels and annual precipitation of basin
图 8 东洞庭湖季节水位变化与流域季节降水变化
Fig. 8. The seasonal change chart of precipitation and water level in East Dongting Lake
表 1 结合两种卫星测高数据的数据处理结果(2003—20017)
Table 1. Data process results by combining two satellite altimetry data (2003—2017)
湖名 水位数量 平均湖面足迹点数 起始日期
(年-月-日)起始水位
(m)结束日期
(年-月-日)结束水位
(m)变化趋势(m/a) R2 大通湖 26 17 2004-10-27 26.82 2017-10-09 26.63 -0.01 0.030 6 南千渠 14 5 2003-03-20 30.54 2017-06-19 29.8 -0.01 0.016 3 无名湖泊 19 7 2003-10-26 34.54 2017-12-06 34.85 0.02 0.041 7 采桑湖 13 8 2003-11-02 26.4 2017-9-10 26.6 0.03 0.052 3 东洞庭湖 61 27 2003-03-07 23.61 2017-12-04 22.75 0.03 0.002 9 南洞庭湖 81 15 2003-11-02 26.95 2017-11-07 28.15 0.06 0.031 6 团头湖 16 3 2003-11-02 27.81 2017-07-16 31.04 0.20 0.453 7 烂泥湖 13 6 2004-03-05 25.66 2017-04-22 27.45 0.22 0.661 4 铁山水库 16 8 2004-03-13 86.58 2017-10-07 91.63 0.36 0.351 2 
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