Short-Wavelength Infrared Characteristics and Indications of Exploration of the Demingding Copper-Molybdenum Deposit in Tibet
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摘要: 德明顶矿区因交通不便、高寒缺氧、物理风化强烈、倒石堆覆盖严重等原因，找矿效果不理想.为进一步指导野外矿产勘查，在详细的野外观察的基础上，系统开展了短波红外光谱分析测试工作.结果显示，绢云母短波红外光谱标量在空间上呈现规律性变化，由浓集中心向外Al-OH吸收峰波长逐渐变长、Al-OH吸收峰深度逐渐降低、SWIR-IC值逐渐变小，且三者套合较好，表明该区域流体温度、压力高于外围，为热液蚀变矿化中心.结合蚀变规律、成矿岩体中锆石U-Pb年龄与辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄结果，在矿区内圈定了1处重点勘查靶区，为晚期铜矿化与早期（铜）钼矿化叠加的区域.该技术可以有效地指导野外矿产评价、降低勘查成本，是中国西部特殊景观区找矿勘查评价的重要方法之一.Abstract: The ore exploration of Demingding mining area of the Gangdese metallogenic belt has been challenging due to inconvenient transportation,high altitude and lack of oxygen,strong physical weathering and cover of the crushed stone. In order to further guide the field mineral exploration,we carried out systematic short-wave infrared spectroscopy analysis based on detailed field observation and cataloging. The scalars of sericite minerals in the short-wave infrared spectrum show a regular change in space. From the concentration center to periphery,the absorption peak wavelength of the Al-OH (Pos2200) gradually becomes longer,the depth of the Al-OH absorption peak (Dep2200) gradually decreases,and the SWIR-IC value gradually becomes smaller. And the three zones are well fitted,which indicates that the temperature of the altered sericite minerals formation is higher and the pressure is higher in the region. Combined with the zircon U-Pb age and the molybdenite Re-Os isotopic age in the ore-forming rocks,we estimate an exploration target area in the mining area where the late copper mineralization overlaps with the early (copper) molybdenum mineralization. Short-wave infrared spectroscopy can quickly and effectively guide mineral exploration and reduce exploration costs. Therefore,it can be used as one of the important methods for prospecting and evaluation of western special landscape areas.
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Key words:
- short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) /
- hydrothermal mineralization center /
- Demingding /
- Tibet /
- ore deposit
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图 1 青藏高原构造格架（a）和冈底斯成矿带斑岩型Cu-Mo（Au）矿床分布及研究区位置（b）
图a据Zhu et al.（2012）；图b据Zheng et al.(2014)和Wu et al.(2014, 2016)
Fig. 1. Tectonic framework of the Tibetan Plateau (a) and the distribution of main porphyry Cu-Mo (Au) deposits in the Gangdese metallogenic belt and location of the study area (b)
图 3 德明顶斑岩型铜钼矿床AA’地质剖面图
Fig. 3. Geological section along AA' exploration line in the Demingding porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
图 4 德明顶铜钼矿区矿石手标本照片
a.薄膜状孔雀石、蓝铜矿；b.薄膜状孔雀石；c.蜂窝状孔雀石与浸染状黄铁矿共生；d.石英-辉钼矿脉；e.片状、鳞片状辉钼矿聚晶；f.浸染状黄铁矿、辉钼矿；g.石英-黄铁矿脉；h.浸染状黄铁矿；i.星点状黄铁矿.矿物缩写：Az.蓝铜矿；Mal.孔雀石；Py.黄铁矿；Mol.辉钼矿；Q.石英
Fig. 4. The hand specimen photograph of mineral at the Demingding porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
图 5 德明顶铜钼矿区钻孔柱状图
Fig. 5. The histogram of drills of cross sections at the Demingding porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
图 6 德明顶铜钼矿区蚀变特征
a.斑状二长花岗岩，发生强绢云母化蚀变（绿色）；b.斑状二长花岗岩中斜长石斑晶发生绢云母化，仅保留斜长石晶型，绢云母颗粒细小；c.斑状二长花岗岩，与石英脉共生的绢云母化晕（白色）；d.斑状二长花岗岩中绢云母沿斑晶边缘、解理、裂隙分布，重结晶形成叶片状白云母；e.斑状二长花岗岩，绿泥石蚀变；f.斑状二长花岗岩中黑云母全部蚀变为绿泥石、绢云母；g.斑状二长花岗岩，团块状绿泥石化；h.斑状二长花岗岩中出现不规则放射状绿泥石；i.辉绿玢岩，绿泥石化、绿帘石化；j.辉绿玢岩中角闪石、阳起石等矿物蚀变成绿泥石、绿帘石，正交偏光下绿泥石干涉色为灰蓝色；k.辉绿玢岩，绿泥石化、绿帘石化；l.辉绿玢岩中出现绿帘石、方解石等青磐岩化蚀变特征矿物；m.英安质晶屑凝灰岩，绿帘石化；n.英安质晶屑凝灰岩中斜长石晶屑发生次生变化，形成绢云母和绿帘石颗粒；o.花岗斑岩，高岭石化及绿帘石化；p.花岗斑岩中钾长石斑晶次生变化形成高岭石、绿帘石，表面呈尘土状.矿物缩写：Ser.绢云母；Pl.斜长石；Ms.白云母；Chl.绿泥石；Epi.绿帘石；Cal.方解石；Kfs.钾长石；Kln.高岭石；Q.石英
Fig. 6. Photographs showing characteristics of the alteration at the Demingding deposit
图 7 德明顶矿区短波红外识别矿物组合图
Fig. 7. Alteration minerals assemblage using SWIR instrument at the Demingding deposit
图 8 德明顶矿区绢云母族矿物Al-OH吸收峰波长频数分布直方图（a）和波长-深度与结晶度关系（b）
Fig. 8. Wavelength frequency distribution histogram of Al-OH absorption peak (a) and the relation of three scalars (b) in sericite at the Demingding deposit
图 9 德明顶矿区地表绢云母Al-OH短波红外标量空间变化
Fig. 9. Spatial variation diagram of short-wave infrared scalar in sericite at the Demingding deposit
图 10 德明顶斑岩型铜钼矿勘查综合预测图
Fig. 10. Comprehensive forecast map of Demingding porphyry Cu-Mo deposit
表 1 德明顶矿区钻孔信息
Table 1. Information from drill holes in Demingding deposit
钻孔号 测量光谱数(条) 主要蚀变矿物分布特征（自上而下）（短波红外光谱识别） ZK001 321 绢云母→绢云母+石膏→绢云母+石膏+高岭石 ZK002 164 绿泥石+绿帘石→绢云母→绢云母+绿泥石→绢云母+绿泥石+石膏→绢云母+石膏→绢云母+绿泥石 ZK003 528 绢云母+绿泥石→绢云母+石膏+绿泥石→高岭石+绢云母+石膏→绿泥石+石膏+绢云母 ZK004 327 绢云母+蒙脱石+高岭石→绢云母+石膏+绿泥石→高岭石+绢云母→绢云母+绿泥石→绢云母+高岭石+石膏→绢云母+石膏+绿泥石 
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