Discussion on Initiation Time of the Latest Tectonic Movement in Break-up Region of the North China Craton
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摘要: 华北克拉通破坏区是历史破坏性地震频发区，震源机制解和地震地表破裂带等反映出历史地震的发震断层为新生走滑断层，很难用地壳的伸展构造系统来合理解释.首先对1679年三河-平谷M8.0级地震的大厂隐伏凹陷西边界夏垫断裂进行高分辨率地震勘探和上盘钻孔地层进行标定，然后在河套断陷盆地带大青山南麓晚更新世湖相地层中识别出2期角度不整合面（UC1和UC2），并进行了系统测年，综合近年来活动断层比例尺填图和城市活动断层探测成果，明确指出，在华北克拉通破坏区，代表新生代早期地壳伸展运动的铲形正断层的活动性在上新世至第四纪早期逐渐减弱，到晚更新世早期基本停止活动；晚更新世中期以来大青山构造运动为华北克拉通破坏区最新一期构造运动，主要表现为区域剪切应变条件下新生走滑断层形成和扩展，并伴随相关地震活动.最新构造运动的主要动力来源于青藏高原物质东向挤出，以及其对鄂尔多斯块体西南缘强烈东向推挤作用.这些新认识对深化华北克拉通破坏区地震发震机理研究，理解板内最新变形动力学，均具有十分重要的科学价值.Abstract: The break-up region of the North China craton is an area where historically destructive earthquakes have frequently occurred. The focal mechanism solutions and earthquake surface rupture zones indicate that these historical earthquakes were dominated by the newly-formed seismogenic strike-slip faults, which are incompatible with the crustal extensional tectonics. This research firstly examines the high-resolution seismic reflection profile and borehole stratigraphy on the hanging wall of the Xiadian fault, which resulted in the 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu M8.0 earthquake ruptures along the western boundary of the Dachang concealed sag. Then, two unconformity contacts (UC1 and UC2) are distinguished by careful checks on structural and stratigraphic features from a cross section of the Late Pleistocene lacustrine at the southern piedmont of the Daqingshan. Combined with the results of active fault mappings with 1:50 000 scale and urban active fault detection in recent years, we conclude that the listric normal faults, which represent crustal extension in the Early Cenozoic, had been weakening in the Pliocene to the Early Quaternary, and had ceased activity by the early Late Pleistocene. The Daqingshan tectonic movement has initiated since the middle of the Late Pleistocene, representing the latest tectonic movement in break-up region of the North China craton, in which new strike-slip faults have formed under a shear-strain crustal condition owing to continuous eastward extrusion of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and strong eastward push on the southwestern margin of the Ordos block. These new points of view have important academic value for understanding mechanism of earthquake occurrence and dynamics of the latest crustal deformation in intra-plate.
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图 1 华北克拉通破坏区活动构造分布
左下方黑色箭头代表青藏高原东北缘对鄂尔多斯块体向东作用力；半圆圈箭头代表块体转动方向
Fig. 1. Distribution of active tectonics in break-up region of the North China craton
图 2 三河-平谷M8.0级地震区新生走滑断层与隐伏铲形正断层关系
红线为地震地表断层；被红线切截的黑粗线为夏垫铲形断裂；虚线代表隐伏断层；长黑细线为深地震反射测线；短细线为浅层地震勘探线；绿线代表河流；阴影区为前新生代基岩分布区；带三角的线为盆地边界，三角指向盆地侧；细线上数字代表新生代地层厚度(m)
Fig. 2. Map demonstrating relation between newly-formed strike-slip fault and hidden listric normal fault in the epicenter of the Sanhe-Pinggu M8.0 earthquake
图 3 三河-平谷M8.0级地震区跨地震断层浅层SH波地震反射叠加时-深解释剖面
F1.夏垫铲形正断裂；F2.夏垫断裂；数字代表距离或深度(m); Qh.全新统；Qp3.上更新统：Qp2.中更新统；Qp1.下更新统；N2.上新统；O.奥陶纪灰岩；ZK1~ZK7.钻孔编号
Fig. 3. Stacked time-depth section of the shallow seismic SH wave reflection across the earthquake fault in the epicenter of the Sanhe-Pinggu M8.0 earthquake zone
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