A Master Décollement Horizon below the Proterozoic Songshan Group in Songshan Area, Henan Province
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摘要: 河南省嵩山区位于中朝地台南部，区内发育被2个角度不整合面分隔开的3个前寒武纪岩群，一个主滑脱带沿着嵩山群与登封群间不整合面发育.滑脱带之上的早元古代嵩山群形成近南北向的褶皱带，因此，嵩山群岩石在主滑脱带之上形成无根的独立构造.与滑脱带下伏的太古宙登封群很少有关系.主滑脱带厚4~30 m，沿着主滑脱带，登封群角闪岩相岩石强烈退变质到绿片岩相矿物组合，主滑脱带发育在脆韧性过渡域.多尺度的观察指出，主滑脱带的形成受地壳成分分层导致的流变学分层性所制约，而且地层柱底部软弱面或地质界面是近水平的滑脱带发育的优选位置.显然，对滑脱带的发育还必须考虑水解弱化作用.Abstract: The Songshan area of Henan Province is tectonically located in the southern part of the Sino-Korean craton. It is marked by the three groups of Precambrian separated by two unconformities. A master décollement horizon developed along the unconformity between the Dengfeng Group below and the Songshan Group above. The lower Songshan Group above the décollement horizon formed a nearly N-S trending folded belt. Therefore, Songshan Group structures have little relation with the Archaean Dengfeng Group below the décollement. The thickness of the master décollement horizon ranges from 4 to 30 m.Along this décollement horizon, the Denfeng Group amphibolite facies rock assemblage was strongly retrograded to that with superimposed greenschist facies mineral paragensis. The development of the décollment occurs near the brittle/ductle transition field. Our observations in various scales show that the formation of the décollement horizon is controlled by the rheological stratification which was induced by compositional layering of the crust. It is suggested that the weak interval or interface at the base of a stratigraphic sequence may be preferred structural level for the localization of sub-horizontal décollement zones. It is also clear that consideration of hydrolytic weakening is necessary to unravel the development of the décollement horizon.
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Key words:
- Songshan area /
- rheology /
- deformation partitioning /
- rheolgical stratification /
- décollement /
- unconformity /
- hydrolytic weakening /
- tectonics
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图 1 河南省嵩山区前寒武纪代表性的角度不整合面露头照片
a.偃师县东窑村寒武系(∈1D)与中晚元古代五佛山群(Pt2+3W)间不整合；b.偃师县柏峪沟东坡寒武系(∈1D)与中晚元古代五佛山群(Pt2+3W)间不整合；c.登封县少林寺水库南山中晚元古代五佛山群(Pt2+3W)与早元代嵩山群(Pt1S)间不整合；d.登封县玄天庙早元古代嵩山群(Pt1S)与太古宙登封群(ArD)不整合；décollement.底滑脱带
Fig. 1. Representative outcrop-scale photographs of unconformities in the Songshan area, Henan Province
图 2 嵩山东西向地质剖面
图 2表示嵩山群、登封群和主滑脱带间关系; Pt1S.嵩山群；décollement.主滑脱带；ArD.登封群
Fig. 2. Simplified E-W geological cross-section in the Songshan area
图 3 大仙沟嵩山群与登封群间的滑脱带
Pt1S.嵩山群; Décollement.滑脱带; ArD.登封群; 1.嵩山群石英岩；2.灰色绢云母片岩；3.含磁铁矿晶体的绢云母片岩；4.黄色绢云母片岩；5.糜棱岩化绢云石英片岩；6.绿泥石化长英片岩；7.登封群斜长角闪岩
Fig. 3. Field sketch of the exposure showing the décollement between Songshan Group and Dengfeng Group
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