Energetic Criterion of Entering Acceleration in Progressive Failure Process of Bedding Rockslide: A Case Study for Shanshucao Landslide
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摘要: 顺层岩质滑坡是最常见的斜坡灾害，研究其渐进破坏过程、建立预报判据对于防灾减灾具有重要意义.以秭归杉树槽滑坡为例，在野外调查和室内岩石试验的基础上，利用JRC-JCS模型及GSI法估算得出滑坡基本力学参数；通过FLAC3D模拟滑坡渐进破坏过程，分析顺层岩质滑坡变形破坏的发展规律；基于能量守恒和虚功原理，提出了顺层岩质滑坡迈入加速变形的能量学判据.研究表明：杉树槽滑坡由后缘向前渐进破坏，后缘变形累积的总位移值不断增大，前缘切层段的锁固作用使变形迅速降低，当临近破坏时，前缘位移由前向后发展，滑面快速贯通；滑体沿滑动方向应变曲线可近似表示为"S"型曲线，随渐进破坏该曲线向坡下发展；以滑体动能增量大于0作为滑坡迈入加速变形的能量学判据，其结果符合滑坡地质演化观点，与FLAC3D模拟结果吻合.Abstract: Bedding rockslide is the most common slope disaster. It is of great significance to study its progressive failure process and establish prediction criteria for disaster prevention and mitigation. Taking Shanshucao landslide in Zigui as an example, on the basis of field investigation and indoor rock test, the basic mechanical parameters of landslide were estimated by JRC-JCS model and GSI method. The progressive failure process of landslide was simulated by FLAC3D, and the development law of deformation and failure of bedding rockslide was analyzed. Based on the principle of energy conservation and virtual work, the energetic criterion for accelerated deformation of bedding rockslide is proposed. The results show that the landslide mass of Shanshucao is progressively destroyed from the rear edge to the front, the accumulated total displacement value of the trailing edge deformation increases continuously, the locking effect of the front cutting layer makes the deformation decrease rapidly. When approaching failure, displacement of the leading edge develops from front to back, transfixion of sliding face occurs quickly. The strain curve along the sliding direction of the landslide can be approximated as a "S" curve, which develops downhill with progressive failure. Taking the kinetic energy increment of the landslide mass greater than 0 as the energetic criterion for accelerated deformation of the landslide, the results are consistent with the geological evolution of landslides and are in good agreement with those of FLAC3D simulation.
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图 4 杉树槽滑坡渐进破坏与水力作用
Fig. 4. Water pressure developing with progressive failure process of Shanshucao landslide
图 8 滑坡演化过程结构面塑性区发展状况
Fig. 8. Development situation of plastic zone of structure plane during landslide evolution process
图 9 数值模拟不同演化阶段滑体位移及应变曲线
Fig. 9. Displacement and strain curves of slide mass at different evolution stages by numerical simulation
图 11 位移、应变曲线推导结果与模拟结果对比(第三阶段)
Fig. 11. Comparison of displacement and strain curve derivation results with simulation results (third stage)
表 1 滑坡模拟力学参数建议
Table 1. Proposed mechanical parameters for landslide simulation
位置 Ρ(kg∙m-3) K(GPa) G(GPa) $ \varphi $(°) c(Mpa) 滑床 2 550 17.14 6.7 38 4.37 滑体 2 550 11.08 4.25 33 4.2 后缘 2 500 1.27 1.27 33 0.11 后缘侧壁 2 500 1.17 1.17 33 0.23 前缘侧壁 2 500 0.87 0.87 30 0.32 顺层滑面 2 500 0.66 0.66 25~19 0.23~0.02 切层滑面 2 500 0.99 0.99 30~21 0.32~0.02 
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表 2 滑面贯通位置与参数表征值对应表
Table 2. Table of correspondence between location of sliding surface failure and parameter characteristic value
滑面贯通位置λ 0 160 260 300 参数表征值b 90 115 135 160
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