The Utilization Mode of Cold Waterlogged Paddy Field in Jianghan Plain
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摘要: 江汉平原是中国四大粮仓之一，拥有约69万公顷富硒土壤，大部分为冷浸田，如何利用富硒冷浸田种植富硒水稻是当前亟需研究解决的重大实际问题.以排水整改、强化施硒肥和排水整改后施硒肥3种模式开展了江汉平原富硒冷浸田的大田种植实验.结果表明，在排水整改模式下，排水降低了冷浸田地下水位，提升了土壤的通气性和氧化还原电位，加快了土壤中有机结合态硒向可利用态硒转化，使得土壤可利用态硒比整改前提高25.0%；促进了水稻对硒的吸收，使得水稻根系和籽实中硒含量比整改前分别增加20.6%和8.3%，仅茎干中硒含量无明显变化.在强化施硒肥模式下，每亩施加80 kg硒肥后土壤可利用态硒比施肥前提高41.7%；极大地促进了水稻对硒的吸收，使得水稻根系、茎秆、籽实中硒含量比施肥前分别提升79.4%、37.1%、25.0%.在冷浸田排水整改后每亩施加80 kg硒肥模式下，土壤可利用态硒含量和水稻根系、茎干、籽实中硒含量分别增加50.0%和41.8%、46.1%、47.9%.总之，上述3种利用模式均可提高土壤可利用态硒含量，有利于水稻对土壤硒的吸收，能够显著提高水稻籽实中硒含量；冷浸田排水整改后强化施硒肥利用模式效果最佳.Abstract: As one of the four granaries in China, Jianghan Plain has approximately 690 thousand hectares of seleniferous soil, most of which are cold waterlogged paddy field. How to utilize the seleniferous cold waterlogged paddy field to cultivate selenium-enriched rice is a major practical problem that needs to be solved urgently. In order to find the best utilization mode of seleniferous cold waterlogged paddy field in Jianghan Plain, this study conducted field experiments using three different utilization modes, namely drainage mode, selenium fertilizer amendment mode, drainage and selenium fertilizer amendment mode. The results show that under the drainage mode both bioavailable Se content in soil and Se content in rice grain increased by 20.6% and 8.3% respectively, compared to those in control samples, because drainage decreased the groundwater table level and improved the aeration and redox potential in soil, thus accelerated the organic-bound selenium transform to bioavailable selenium in soil, and promoted the uptake of selenium by rice. Under the selenium fertilizer amendment mode, the bioavailable selenium content in soil increased by 41.7% after applying selenium fertilizer than that in control without selenium fertilizer, which greatly promoted the uptake of selenium by rice, and the selenium contents in rice root, straw and grain increased by 79.4% 37.1% and 25.0%, respectively. Under the drainage and selenium fertilizer amendment mode, the bioavailable selenium content in soil and selenium contents in rice root, straw, and grain increased by 50.0%, 41.8%, 46.1% and 47.9% respectively than those in the control samples. This study demonstrates that all the three utilization modes mentioned above can increase the bioavailable selenium content in the cold waterlogged paddy soil, which is beneficial to the uptake of selenium from soil by rice, and can significantly increase the content of selenium in rice grain. Overall, the drainage and selenium fertilizer amendment is the best mode for the utilization of seleniferous cold waterlogged paddy soil.
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Key words:
- selenium /
- cold waterlogged paddy field /
- utilization mode /
- soil /
- rice /
- geochemistry
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图 1 排水整改前后土壤硒形态变化
Fig. 1. Selenium speciation in cold waterlogged paddy soils before and after drainage treatment
图 2 排水整改前后水稻组织硒含量对比
Fig. 2. Selenium contents in rice tissues before and after drainage treatment
图 3 施硒肥前后试验田土壤硒形态变化
Fig. 3. Selenium speciation in soils before and after applying selenium fertilizer
图 4 施硒肥前后水稻组织硒含量对比
Fig. 4. Selenium contents in rice tissues before and after applying selenium fertilizer
图 5 排水整改后强化施硒肥前后土壤硒形态变化
Fig. 5. Selenium speciation in soils before and after drainage and selenium fertilizer application
图 6 排水整改后强化施硒肥对水稻组织硒含量的影响
Fig. 6. Selenium contents in rice tissues before and after drainage and selenium fertilizer application
图 7 三种利用模式对土壤硒形态的影响
Fig. 7. Selenium speciation in waterlogged paddy soils under three treatments
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