河南省永城市浅层地下水化学特征及形成机制

王攀; 靳孟贵; 路东臣

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.280

河南省永城市浅层地下水化学特征及形成机制

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.280

王攀^{1, 2, ,},
靳孟贵^1, ,,
路东臣²

1.
中国地质大学环境学院, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
河南省国土资源科学研究院, 河南郑州 450053

基金项目:

河南省国土资源厅2016年度基础性地质环境调查项目 No.2015-2077-8

详细信息

作者简介:
王攀(1984-), 博士研究生, 主要从事水工环地质研究工作.ORCID:0000-0002-6487-7616.E-mail:wangpan2019@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
靳孟贵, E-mail:mgjin@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-06-18
- 刊出日期: 2020-06-15

Hydrogeochemistry Characteristics and Formation Mechanismof Shallow Groundwater in Yongcheng City, Henan Province

Wang Pan^{1, 2
,
,},
Jin Menggui^{1
, ,},
Lu Dongchen²

1.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Institute of Land and Resources of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450053, China

摘要

摘要: 地下水是河南省永城市重要的供水水源，浅层地下水水质污染严重制约了该市经济发展和居民生活质量的提高.在实地调查采样分析的基础上，运用水化学图解法、数理统计法、地球化学模拟法等方法综合分析了永城市浅层地下水的水化学特征和形成机制，探讨了该市浅层地下水污染来源和主要影响因素.结果表明：随含水介质和人类活动影响强度的变化，浅层地下水中K⁺、Ca²⁺、NO₃^-、Cl^-、SO₄^2-的浓度和COD（chemical oxygen demand）随深度增加而减少，而Na⁺、F^-、Mg²⁺、HCO₃^-的浓度和TDS（total dissolved solids）随深度增加而上升.在煤矿区及煤化工区浅层地下水中SO₄^2-浓度大于250 mg/L，远远高于其他区域的SO₄^2-浓度，而在农业区浅层地下水中NO₃^-浓度大于30 mg/L，远远高于其他区域的NO₃^-浓度.综合分析表明：煤矿及其化工业废水和生活污水排放、过量使用化肥农药是永城市浅层地下水污染的主要因素.
- 煤矿城市 /
- 浅层地下水 /
- 数理统计 /
- 地球化学模拟 /
- 形成机制 /
- 地下水 /
- 水文地质
Abstract: Groundwater is one of the most important water supply resources in Yongcheng City, but the pollution of shallow groundwater seriously restricts the economic development and the improvement of living standards in the city. On the basis of groundwater investigation and sampling, hydrogeochemical diagram method and multivariate statistics method and geochemical simulation method were comprehensively used to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism, as well as the pollution source and the main affecting factors. With the change of aquifer medium and the intensity of human activities, the concentrations of K⁺, Ca²⁺, NO₃^-, Cl^-, SO₄^2- and COD (chemical oxygen demand) gradually decreased, while the concentrations of Na⁺, F^-, Mg²⁺, HCO₃^- and TDS (total dissolved solids) gradually increased with the increase of depth, the former comes from human activities, while the latter comes from the original sedimentary environment. The concentration of SO₄^2- in the areas of coal mine and coal chemical industry is higher than 250 mg/L, which is much higher than that in other regions. The concentration of NO₃^- is higher than 30 mg/L in agricultural areas. Integrated analyses implies that wastewater discharge of coal mine and chemical industry, leakage of household waste leachate and discharge of sewage, excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers are the main factors affecting the water quality of shallow groundwater.
- coal mining city /
- shallow groundwater /
- mathematical statistics /
- geochemical simulation /
- groundwater /
- hydrogeology /

HTML全文

图 1 研究区浅层地下水水文地质图、地下水流向及采样点位置图

Fig. 1. Contours of water table and sample locations and hydrogeological profile of study area

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图 2 浅层地下水三线图及水化学类型分区图

Fig. 2. Piper diagram and hydrochemical type of shallow groundwater

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图 3 浅层地下水Gibbs图

Fig. 3. Gibbs diagrams of shallow groundwater

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图 4 Na⁺与Cl^-相关性及岩盐饱和指数(SI_h)图

Fig. 4. Scatter diagrams of Na⁺ vs Cl^- and (Na⁺ + Cl^-) vs SI_h

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图 5 浅层地下水氯碱指数图

Fig. 5. Histograms of chloride alkalinity index

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图 6 [Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺]/[HCO₃^-]与[SO₄^2-]/[HCO₃^-]比值关系图

Fig. 6. Scatter diagram of [Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺]/[HCO₃^-] vs.[SO₄^2-]/[HCO₃^-]

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图 7 Ca²⁺-SO₄^2-与HCO₃^-、Mg²⁺与HCO₃^-相关关系

Fig. 7. Scatter diagrams of Ca²⁺-SO₄^2- vs. HCO₃^- and Mg²⁺ vs. HCO₃^-

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图 8 萤石饱和指数与方解石、白云石饱和指数关系图

Fig. 8. Scatter diagram of SI_c vs SI_f and SI_d vs SI_f

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表 1 浅层地下水水化学组分

Table 1. Statistical summary of hydrochemical parameters of shallow groundwater samples

		pH	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	F^-	NO₃^-	TDS	COD	总硬度
		pH	mg/L
浅井水	极小值	7.2	0.28	8.55	25.25	10.69	3.54	24.02	64.18	0.3	0.02	192.24	0.21	138.5
	极大值	8.3	49.94	283.6	206.81	105.58	207.74	453.4	655.96	2.6	89.25	1177.9	3.67	893.5
	均值	7.538	4.132	77.68	88.628	54.634	54.38	111.955	466.497	1.093	25.585	680.107	0.764	445.92
	标准差	0.259	10.011	60.365	44.153	22.034	48.957	90.082	162.078	0.594	32.023	237.28	0.862	148.254
	变异系数	0.034	2.423	0.777	0.498	0.403	0.900	0.805	0.347	0.543	1.252	0.349	1.128	0.332
深井水	极小值	7.3	0.43	51.83	32.06	32.93	15.95	47.07	386.87	0.7	0.1	472.57	0.07	277
	极大值	8.15	4.92	262.04	108.42	89.67	135.77	271.85	769.46	2.48	103.5	1235.26	0.48	577.86
	均值	7.555	1.348	132.364	65.591	55.452	50.799	109.268	576.09	1.508	19.399	739.428	0.193	405.386
	标准差	0.278	1.285	73.841	24.036	15.485	36.338	67.94	120.09	0.684	30.798	227.958	0.123	93.598
	变异系数	0.037	0.953	0.558	0.366	0.279	0.715	0.622	0.208	0.454	1.588	0.308	0.637	0.231
注：1.浅井水样共25个, 深井水样共10个；2.变异系数无量纲.

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表 2 浅层地下水离子间Pearson相关系数

Table 2. Pearson correlation coefficient matrix of shallow groundwater samples

		K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	NO₃^-	F^-	总硬度	COD	TDS	pH	H₂SiO₃
浅井水	K⁺	1	0.764^**	-0.32	0.044	0.140	0.203	0.409^*	-0.086	-0.175	-0.211	0.071	0.417^*	0.693^**	0.495^*
	Na⁺		1	-0.240	0.369	0.375	0.365	0.570^**	0.212	-0.038	0.048	0.058	0.709^**	0.621^**	0.465^**
	Ca²⁺			1	0.081	0.530^**	0.489^*	0.023	0.043	-0.437^*	0.793^**	-0.215	0.431^*	-0.602^**	-0.141
	Mg²⁺				1	0.614^**	0.493^*	0.361	0.107	0.397^*	0.672^**	0.118	0.660^**	0.134	-0.121
	Cl^-					1	0.652^**	0.215	0.312	-0.102	0.769^**	0.121	0.801^**	-0.041	-0.004
	SO₄^2-						1	0.165	-0.133	0.042	0.664^**	-0.111	0.752^**	0.163	-0.093
	HCO₃^-							1	0.106	-0.076	0.238	-0.011	0.552^**	0.210	0.286
	NO₃^-								1	-0.106	0.097	0.376	0.210	-0.004	0.005
	F^-									1	-0.082	-0.177	-0.131	-0.058	-0.326
	总硬度										1	-0.087	0.724^**	-0.365	-0.179
	COD											1	-0.002	-0.013	-0.010
	TDS												1	0.186	0.229
	PH													1	0.311
	H₂SiO₃														1
深井水	K⁺	1	0.660	-0.019	0.822^**	0.797^**	0.842^**	0.649^*	-0.210	-0.142	0.525	-0.074	0.797^**	-0.135	0.453
	Na⁺		1	-0.511	0.800^**	0.669^*	0.882^**	0.911^**	-0.116	0.339	0.042	0.595	0.924^**	-0.179	-0.067
	Ca²⁺			1	-0.295	0.215	-0.150	0.478	0.218	0.867^**	0.611	-0.316	-0.186	-0.326	0.425
	Mg²⁺				1	0.661^*	0.880^**	0.852^**	-0.078	0.174	0.459	0.276	0.885^**	-0.273	0.326
	Cl^-					1	0.903^**	0.516	-0.024	-0.193	0.481	0.252	0.853^**	-0.253	0.402
	SO₄^2-						1	0.798^**	-0.114	0.097	0.399	0.389	0.974^**	-0.293	0.293
	HCO₃^-							1	-0.255	0.206	0.204	0.517	0.857^**	-0.356	0.151
	NO₃^-								1	-0.057	0.034	0.154	0.008	-0.150	-0.019
	F^-									1	-0.641^*	0.257	0.073	0.394	-0.567
	总硬度										1	-0.084	0.369	-0.542	0.733^*
	COD											1	0.492	-0.384	0.096
	TDS												1	-0.355	0.286
	pH													1	-0.419
	H₂SiO₃														1
注：0.05水平上(双侧)显著相关；*0.01水平上(双侧)显著相关；单位：mg/L.

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表 3 浅井水旋转成分载荷矩阵

Table 3. Matrix of rotated factor loadings of groundwater in shallow wells

	成分
	F1	F2	F3	F4
K⁺	-0.004	0.912	-0.023	-0.050
Na⁺	-0.299	0.882	-0.108	0.148
Ca²⁺	0.674	-0.381	-0.571	-0.165
Mg²⁺	0.734	0.106	0.499	0.179
Cl^-	0.865	0.114	-0.062	0.242
HCO₃^-	0.336	0.557	-0.045	0.078
SO₄^2-	0.806	0.173	-0.086	-0.252
F^-	-0.008	-0.121	0.928	-0.136
NO₃^-	0.128	0.017	-0.066	0.820
H₂SiO₃	-0.139	0.683	-0.390	-0.023
总硬度	0.950	-0.218	-0.119	-0.013
TDS	0.864	0.476	-0.069	0.081
PH	-0.141	0.749	0.501	-0.053
COD	-0.175	0.031	-0.001	0.810
贡献率(%)	30.73	24.55	13.49	68.77
累积贡献率(%)	30.73	55.28	11.21	79.98

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表 4 深井水旋转成分载荷矩阵

Table 4. Matrix of rotated factor loadings of groundwater in deep wells

	成分
	F1	F2	F3
K⁺	0.853	0.312	-0.350
Na⁺	0.930	-0.277	0.166
Ca²⁺	-0.309	0.891	0.038
Mg²⁺	0.931	0.051	-0.010
Cl^-	0.797	0.365	-0.010
HCO₃^-	0.902	-0.166	0.147
SO₄^2-	0.970	0.099	0.036
F^-	0.159	-0.901	-0.006
NO₃^-	-0.198	0.117	0.596
H₂SiO₃	0.294	0.731	0.077
总硬度	0.345	0.855	0.022
TDS	0.966	0.072	0.184
PH	-0.259	-0.486	-0.625
COD	0.402	-0.265	0.773
贡献率(%)	45.53	25.31	11.13
累积贡献率(%)	45.53	70.84	81.97

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河南省永城市浅层地下水化学特征及形成机制

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.280

作者简介:
王攀(1984-), 博士研究生, 主要从事水工环地质研究工作.ORCID:0000-0002-6487-7616.E-mail:wangpan2019@cug.edu.cn

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靳孟贵, E-mail:mgjin@cug.edu.cn

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Hydrogeochemistry Characteristics and Formation Mechanismof Shallow Groundwater in Yongcheng City, Henan Province

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河南省永城市浅层地下水化学特征及形成机制

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.280

作者简介: 王攀(1984-), 博士研究生, 主要从事水工环地质研究工作.ORCID:0000-0002-6487-7616.E-mail:wangpan2019@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者: 靳孟贵, E-mail:mgjin@cug.edu.cn

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Hydrogeochemistry Characteristics and Formation Mechanismof Shallow Groundwater in Yongcheng City, Henan Province

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作者简介:
王攀(1984-), 博士研究生, 主要从事水工环地质研究工作.ORCID:0000-0002-6487-7616.E-mail:wangpan2019@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
靳孟贵, E-mail:mgjin@cug.edu.cn