湖南锡田钨锡多金属矿田燕山期NE向断层演化历史及其成矿意义

刘飚; 吴堑虹; 李欢; 奚小双; 孔华; 曹荆亚; 蒋江波; 林智炜; 吴经华; 梁伟

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.263

湖南锡田钨锡多金属矿田燕山期NE向断层演化历史及其成矿意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.263

刘飚^1,,
吴堑虹¹,
李欢^1, , ,,
奚小双¹,
孔华¹,
曹荆亚¹,
蒋江波¹,
林智炜¹,
吴经华¹,
梁伟^{1, 2}

1.
中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院, 湖南长沙 410083
2.
中南大学有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410083

基金项目:

中国地质调查局整装勘查区 12120114052101

详细信息

作者简介:
刘飚(1989-), 男, 博士研究生, 矿产普查与勘探专业.E-mail:Biaoliu@csu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
李欢, ORCID:0000-0001-5211-8324.E-mail:lihuan@csu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P571
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-21
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-15

Yanshanian NE-Striking Fault Evolution and Its Implications on Mineralization in the Xitian W-Sn Polymetallic Ore Field, Hunan Province

1.
School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

摘要

摘要: 为了确定湖南锡田矿田燕山期NE向断层演化历史、蚀变特征及与钨锡成矿关系本文调查了矿田内燕山期断层野外宏观特征，对断层中充填石英脉进行了显微鉴定、阴极发光、含矿元素分析，结果显示：(1)断层以NE60°~70°平行分布于茶汉盆地南北两侧，均倾向茶汉盆地，断层的陡倾、棱角状角砾及梳状石英等指示了断层的张性性质；(2)断层经历了3期流体活动，第一期的石英脉中石英颗粒相对粗大(0.5~15.0 mm)，局部发育破裂与变形纹，石英可为断层角砾；第二期与第三期沿断层中张性裂隙充填的石英脉，粒径较小(0.01~2.00 mm)，第二期石英发育微裂隙，而第三期石英为自形长柱状，无变形；(3)第一期与第三期石英脉中不含云母，第二期则富含绢云母，其W、Sn元素含量高，并有少量白钨矿、黄铁矿等矿物，其组分演化特征与区内矿床热液组分演化趋势相似；(4)锡田地区燕山期钨锡矿化分布与NE向系列断层关系密切，显示了茶汉盆地两侧由南向北分带格局.作者认为在燕山期华南伸展背景控制下，地幔上隆及重熔岩浆上侵产生的综合伸展是NE向系列断层形成的可能机制，NE向系列断层的张性环境是岩浆热液聚集的有利因素，为成矿热液运移提供了通道.
- 正断层 /
- 流体活动 /
- W-Sn成矿 /
- 锡田矿田 /
- 矿物学
Abstract: In order to determine the fault activity history and its relationship with hydrothermal alteration and W-Sn mineralization,we investigated the field characteristics of the Yanshanian faults in the Xitian ore field and carried out microscopic identification,cathodoluminescence and ore-forming element analysis on quartz in faults. The results show that:(1) The faults are distributed in northern and southern sides of the Chahan basin and dipping to the basin,with striking directions of NE 60°-70°. High dip angles,angular breccias and pectination quartz veins in the faults indicate extensional characteristics. (2) Three stages of magmatic fluid activities occurred in the faults. The stage Ⅰ is characterized by quartz veins occurring as coarse quartz particles (0.5-15.0 mm) with local deformation and fragmentation structures. The stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ are typically quartz veins filling in tensile fractures with small quartz particles (0.01-2.00 mm). Moreover,stage Ⅱ quartz develops microcrack structures while stage Ⅲ quartz is idiomorphic and unreformed,suggesting a progressively weakening trend of fault deformation. (3) In contrast to stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅲ mica-free quartz veins,stage Ⅱ quartz veins involve more micas with the high contents of W and Sn elements and minor scheelites and pyrites,which show similar compositional evolutionary characteristics to that of the W-Sn deposits in the Xitian ore field. (4) The distribution of Yanshanian mineralization in the Xitian ore field is closely related to the normal faults,showing clear and regular mineralizing zonation of W-Sn and Pb-Zn deposits from the south to the north on each side of the Chahan Basin. Under the control of extensional tectonic setting of the South China Block during Yanshanian,the comprehensive extension resulting from mantle uplift and remelted magmatic intrusion may be a potential mechanism for the formation of normal faults. The extensional environment of the normal faults was favorable to accumulation of magmatic hydrothermal fluids; and the normal faults provided a channel for the migration of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids.
- normal faults /
- fluid activity /
- W-Sn mineralization /
- Xitian ore field /
- mineralogy

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图 1 湖南锡田矿田燕山期构造纲要图

据伍式崇等(2013)修改

Fig. 1. The structural map during Yanshanian in Xitian ore field, Hunan Province

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图 2 锡田矿田断层产状玫瑰图

a.邓阜仙地区断层走向玫瑰花图；b.邓阜仙地区法向等密图; c.锡田地区断层走向玫瑰花图；d.锡田地区断层法向等密图; e.宁冈地区断层走向玫瑰花图；f.宁冈地区断层法向等密图;等密图均为下半球投影

Fig. 2. The rose diagram of joint of fault in the Xitian ore field

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图 3 NE向正断层野外宏观特征

a.构造破碎带(鸡冠石断裂西段)；b.构造破碎带及充填的石英脉(光明断裂西段)；c.构造破碎带及充填的石英脉(茶汉断裂西段)；d.硅化破碎带(宁冈断裂西段)；e.构造破碎带, 断层泥, 充填的石英脉(光明断裂西段)；f构造破碎带中的花岗岩角砾, 为硅质胶结(光明断裂西段)；g.发育在厚层石英砂岩构造破碎带(上寨断裂西段)；h.隐爆角砾岩(茶汉断裂西段)；i.煌斑岩脉(茶汉断裂东段)

Fig. 3. The field photos of the NE normal fault

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图 4 断层角砾岩显微构造与热液活动

a.断层两侧轻微破裂花岗岩；b.构造破碎带中的破裂岩；c.碎粉岩；d.断层泥砾岩；e.断层中充填石英脉(星高断裂)；f.断层中充填煌斑岩脉(茶汉断裂东段)；g.第二期石英脉穿切第一期石英脉与印支期花岗岩(锡湖断裂)；h.第二期石英脉穿切第一期石英脉(茶汉断裂)；i.第三期石英脉穿切第二期石英脉(狗打栏断裂)；Qz.石英；Pl.长石

Fig. 4. The micro textures of the breccia in the NE-extending faults and fault fluid activity

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图 5 NE向断层中不同期次石英脉的显微照片与CL图

a.第一期石英脉中破裂、碎粉状石英；b.第一期石英脉中的石英发育变形纹与强波状消光；c.第二期石英脉沿第一期石英脉的裂隙分布, 并富含云母；d.第二期石英脉中的粒状石英；e.第二期的石英脉中发育少量白钨矿；f.第三期长柱状并呈梳状排列石英；g.第一期石英的破裂特征；h.第二期石英只发育裂隙；i.第三期石英脉穿切第二期石英; a~c, e, g, h为锡湖断层, d, f, i为狗打栏断层；a~d与f为正交偏光照片, e为单偏光照片, g~i为CL照；Qz.石英；Sch.白钨矿

Fig. 5. The photomicrograph and cathodoluminescence of quartz

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图 6 NE向系列断层大地构造背景图

Fig. 6. The tectonic background of normal faults in the Xitian ore field

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图 7 锡田矿田成矿模式

Fig. 7. The regional metallogenic model in the Xitian ore field

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表 1 主要断层带控制点与样品信息表

Table 1. The samples information of fault in Xitian ore field

点号	坐标X	坐标Y	产状(°)	断层性质
6D1115-4	2975161	474692	290∠60	正断层
6D1115-7	2975436	475521	355∠75	正断层
6D1115-8	2975007	474940	295∠55	正断层
6D1115-13	2976547	474392	310∠65	正断层
6D1118-3	2973279	476869	335∠86	正断层
6D1118-10	2974756	477507	320∠70	正断层
6D1119-1	2977036	475800	320∠70	正断层
6D1119-9	2971921	479268	335∠70	正断层
6D1115-6	2975314	475245	195∠60	正断层
6D1115-12	2975408	474113	310∠70	正断层
6D1115-14	2976392	474640	365∠60	正断层
6D1115-16	2976332	474253	300∠70	正断层
6D1116-2	2971860	479047	150∠80	正断层
6D1118-5	2969648	476752	350∠75	正断层
6D1119-3	2977745	475443	305∠60	正断层
6D1119-7	2971676	478716	350∠75	正断层
6D1119-8	2971798	479047	180∠77	正断层
6D1119-12	2971889	479903	350∠50	正断层
7D0927-1	2972018	477790	10∠75	正断层
7D0927-2	2971800	479140	330∠60	正断层
7D0927-3	2971897	479893	330∠75	正断层
7D0927-6	2981366	480291	310∠75	正断层
7D0927-7	2980671	477903	300∠80	正断层
7D0927-8	2980627	477860	295∠70	正断层
7D0927-10	2980195	477859	305∠66	正断层
7D0927-11	2979837	477694	340∠80	正断层
7D0929-21	2969228	477003	330∠75	正断层
7D0929-27	2969031	476919	330∠70	正断层
7D0924-10	2968216	469509	330∠72	正断层
6D1205-4	2973909	470301	300∠78	正断层
6D1208-1	2968779	480920	330∠78	正断层
6D1208-2	2968656	480561	330∠72	正断层
7D0927-2	2957282	489283	140∠85	正断层
6D0823-18	2959120	487249	345∠80	正断层
6D0822-8	2963644	490605	160∠57	正断层
6D0822-10	2965590	487900	150∠81	正断层
6D0823-16	2960202	486532	145∠70	正断层
6D0823-14	2960830	487843	125∠70	正断层
6D0816-12	2960721	483896	170∠60	正断层
6D0816-13	2960744	484000	160∠61	正断层
6D0817-10	2957170	482685	170∠86	正断层
6D1206-1	2989525	480180	171∠72	正断层
6D1206-5	2989495	479794	180∠40	正断层
6D1206-7	2989589	478801	150∠50	正断层
6D1207-1	2989872	475246	135∠72	正断层
6D1207-3	2989870	476652	160∠73	正断层
6D1207-6	2990054	476624	150∠75	正断层
6D1207-7	2989899	477258	180∠90	正断层
6D1207-10	2989899	477479	160∠72	正断层
6D0430-3	2985021	464045	150∠70	正断层
7D0430-4	2984610	464153	150∠70	正断层
7D0502-5	2981859	460684	150∠75	正断层
7D0502-6	2981762	460598	150∠75	正断层
7D0503-1	2983476	460809	155∠70	正断层
7D0503-2	2988424	463305	155∠71	正断层
6D0811-2	2990355	468407	170∠68	正断层
6D0811-3	2991283	468881	170∠70	正断层
6D0811-4	2992344	470841	155∠70	正断层
6D0811-5	2992218	471915	160∠72	正断层
6D0811-8	2989416	472819	150∠55	正断层
6D0605-1	2998308	474023	180∠69	正断层
6D0605-2	2997662	474021	180∠69	正断层
6D0602-2	2993281	465497	160∠60	正断层
5D0616-6	2994480	476448	170∠80	正断层
5D6-1			154∠45	正断层
5D8-2			125∠79	正断层
8D6-2			155∠30	正断层
10D10-1				不清
12D1-1			165∠20	正断层
7D0925-17	2963196	474680	150∠85	正断层
7D0926-12	2966227	480895	150∠75	正断层
7D0926-12	2966233	480905	150∠76	正断层
7D0926-12	2966240	480925	150∠78	正断层
7D0927-1	2957307	489264	110∠60	正断层
6D0816-14	2960661	484136	155∠62	正断层
6D0817-1	2962312	476791	150∠60	正断层
6D0817-2	2959665	481425	345∠54	正断层
6D0817-04	2958172	480600	110∠70	正断层
6D0817-05	2957469	480579	165∠80	正断层
6D0817-08	2957382	482909	220∠70	正断层
6D0817-06	2956976	482496	155∠84	正断层
6D0817-11	2957044	482633	140∠86	正断层

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表 2 锡田矿田断层蚀变岩成矿元素含量及特征值统计表

Table 2. The ore-forming elements content and statistical value of alteration rock in the Xitian ore field

样品编号	位置	样品	断裂名称	Ag	Bi	Cu	Mo	Pb	Sn	W	Zn
24D1	垄上村	断层泥	上寨断裂	24.50	108.00	919	0.5	300	1 560	150	846
24D2		断层泥	上寨断裂	5.90	47.00	1 080	2.0	84	641	2 470	466
24D3		断层泥	上寨断裂	0.50	0.15	75	14.0	21	143	446	141
24D4		断层泥	上寨断裂	0.10	0.15	46	1.0	7	128	77	182
24D11-2		断层泥	上寨断裂	0.10	0.15	19	1.0	36	125	178	91
24D13-1		断层泥	上寨断裂	0.10	0.15	13	2.0	12	116	114	122
24D9-1		断层泥	上寨断裂	0.10	0.15	6	2.0	44	43	290	24
24D10-1		断层泥	上寨断裂	0.80	0.15	37	1.0	57	113	292	62
24D15-1		断层泥	上寨断裂	0.10	0.15	42	2.0	18	36	284	72
1D6-3	麦源村	硅化蚀变岩	鸡冠石断裂	0.25	1.00	94	5.0	58	12	11	66
2D4-2	卧龙村	硅化蚀变岩	鸡冠石断裂	0.25	1.00	6	3.0	55	21	6	74
2D5-3	沛江村	硅化蚀变岩	鸡冠石断裂	0.25	1.00	2	2.0	8	2	2	6
3D6-1	攸县	硅化蚀变岩	鸡冠石断裂	0.25	1.00	102	0.5	54	12	21	101
5D4-2	东坪村	硅化蚀变岩	茶汉断裂	0.25	1.00	2	1.0	9	18	3	19
5D6-1	茶汉断裂	硅化蚀变岩	茶汉断裂	1.00	1.00	2	7.0	130	1	8	14
5D8-2	湘东钨矿	硅化蚀变岩	茶汉断裂	1.40	1.00	409	2.0	34	163	28	1 570
8D6-2		硅化蚀变岩	茶汉断裂	0.25	5.00	6	2.0	4	10	10	2
10D10-1		断层泥	茶汉断裂	2.00	11.00	137	5.0	46	162	20	173
12D1-1		断层泥	茶汉断裂	2.60	36.00	127	5.0	53	143	25	320
克拉克值^①				0.07	0.17	26	0.5	15	1.4	0.6	76
平均值				2.00	11.00	164	3	54	181	233	229
标准差				5.60	27.00	310	3	67	363	557	383
变异系数				3.5	3.0	1.9	1.0	1.2	2.0	2.4	1.7
富集系数				31	67	6	6	4	130	389	3
注:①中国东部大陆地壳, 单位:10^-6；富集系数为元素平均含量与克拉克值的比值, 变异系数为标准差与平均值的比值.

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