Ductile-Compressional Deformation of Kanggur Ductile Deformation Zone in the Eastern Tianshan Mountains: A Case Study of Huangshandong Area of Hami City
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摘要: 东天山康古尔断裂带和雅满苏断裂带之间石炭纪沉积-火山岩系中发育一条东西向韧性变形带，具两期性质不同的韧性变形，早期韧性挤压性质，晚期右行韧性剪切.对早期韧性挤压变形的宏观构造（糜棱面理、糜棱线理、对称石香肠构造、不对称褶皱等）和显微构造（压力影构造、布丁构造、动态重结晶、不同类型砾石变形特征等）特征做了详细的研究.糜棱岩中砾石有限应变Flinn图解判别岩石类型为L-S和SL型构造岩，三轴应变量的测量均揭示了一般压缩和少部分的平面应变类型.石英亚颗粒旋转重结晶及少量边界迁移重结晶，长石塑性变形、部分膨凸重结晶等变形特征；石英C轴组构揭示中温柱面 < a>和菱面 < a>滑移为主，后期叠加底面 < a>滑移.因此，推测早期韧性挤压变形温度范围在450~550℃.综合区域地质资料，康古尔变形带早期韧性挤压变形形成于300~290 Ma，塔里木板块和中天碰撞闭合后陆内南北挤压环境下.Abstract: A east-west trending ductile deformation zone was identified between the Kanggur fault and Yamansu fault within the Carboniferous sedimental-volcanic series in the eastern Tianshan mountains. The deformation zone exhibits different characteristics in its evolutionary process, namely, the early stage ductile compressional deformation, and the later right lateral shear deformation. In this paper, the macrostructure (foliation, lineation, symmetrical boudinage structure and asymmetric fold, etc.), and microstructure (pressure shadow, boudinage structure, dynamic recrystallization, different types of gravel deformation, etc.) of early ductile compressed deformation were studied in detail. Systematic measurement of the finite strains of quartz and triaxial strain rate in mylonites indicates that the strain type in general compression is L-S and LS tectonites. The quartz grains occur as subgrain rotation recrystallization and a small amount of grain boundary migration recrystallization, and the feldspar porphyroclasts are elongated and some are fully bulging recrystallized. Quartz C-axis fabrics (EBSD) reveal that quartz fabrics are mainly middle temperature prismatic slip and rhomb slip system, and the later superimposed low temperature is slip-based. It is suggested that the deformation temperature of the early ductile compressional ranges from 450 ℃ to 550 ℃. Combined with regional tectonic, the early ductile compressional of Kanggur ductile deformation zone was formed in 300-290 Ma, which was related to the intracon-tinental N-S compression environment after collision between the Tarim plate and the middle Tianshan plate.
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Key words:
- Kanggur ductile deformation zone /
- microscopic /
- EBSD /
- finite strain /
- eastern Tianshan mountains /
- tectonics
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图 1 康古尔韧性变形带大地构造位置(a)及分布(b)
Fig. 1. Tectionic location (a) and distribution (b) of Kangguer ductile deformation zone
图 2 黄山东褶皱群卫星图(a)及地质解译简图(b)
图a来自Google Earth
Fig. 2. Statellite imagery (a) and geological interpretation map (b) in the Huangshandong
图 3 黄山东褶皱及韧性变形带构造剖面
a. A-A’剖面；b. B-B’剖面；c.褶皱轴面极射赤平投影；d.糜棱面理极射赤平投影；e.褶皱轴面倾向玫瑰花图
Fig. 3. Structural section of fold and ductile deformation zone from the Huangshandong
图 4 黄山东地区野外宏观构造特征
a.挤压逆冲型褶皱；b, c.不对称褶皱；d.泥质粉砂岩中面理；e.砂岩中面理；f.砾岩面理及砾石的定向拉长；g.细砾岩和粗砾石；h.石香肠构造；i.旋转砾石，指示了右行剪切变形；j.黄山东一带主要断裂分布（Mao et al., 2018）；k.北北东向走滑次级断裂
Fig. 4. Macroscopic deformation feature in the Huangshandong area
图 5 韧性变形带显微构造特征
a.基质的塑性流动(单偏光)；b.砾石成分对比；c.多晶石英条带和石英颗粒边界迁移重结晶；d.石英波状消光和石英颗粒边界迁移重结晶；e.石英膨凸重结晶和局部右旋碎斑；f.岩屑类变砾内部差异变形和石香肠构造(箭头所指)；g.长石类变砾内部重结晶；h.岩屑类变砾内部差异变形；i.书斜构造；j.长石矩形状石香肠和压力影；k.压力影构造；G-Qtz.石英类砾石(石英颗粒/石英集合体)；G-Feld.长石类砾石；G-Deb.岩屑类砾石
Fig. 5. Microscopic deformation feature of the ductile deformation zone
图 6 ETS1808_4样品XZ(a)和YZ(b)剖面及轴比值图
Fig. 6. Principal axis length in XZ section (a) and YZ section (b) of specimen ETS1808_4 from the Huanshandong area
图 7 黄山东地区韧性变形带分布及有限应变采样点
Fig. 7. Distribution and finite strain sampling points of ductile deformation from the Huangshandong area
图 9 黄山东地区Flinn指数K(a)、应变强度γ(b)和应变率δ(c)投图
Fig. 9. Flinn index K (a), strain strength γ (b) and strain rate (c) from the Huangshandong area
图 10 韧性变形带石英EBSD组构
Fig. 10. Stereographic projections of quartz crystal EBSD fabric of the ductile deformation zone
表 1 黄山东地区有限应变测量数据
Table 1. Strain data from Huangshandong area
样品号 长短轴法 惯量椭圆法 Fry法 X/Z Y/Z X/Y K X/Z Y/Z X/Y K X/Z Y/Z X/Y K ETS1808_1 - - - - - - - - 1.97 1.62 1.22 0.41 ETS1808_3 3.37 2.21 1.52 0.53 3.46 2.09 1.66 0.68 2.68 1.79 1.50 0.69 ETS1808_4 3.14 2.40 1.31 0.31 3.29 2.34 1.40 0.40 2.90 2.22 1.31 0.34 ETS1808_5 3.43 2.27 1.51 0.50 3.76 2.22 1.69 0.66 3.57 2.33 1.53 0.50 ETS1818 - - - - - - - - 3.10 2.68 1.16 0.25 ETS1819 3.21 2.10 1.53 0.57 2.57 1.68 1.52 0.81 2.81 2.03 1.38 0.46 ETS1821 3.00 2.31 1.30 0.31 2.53 1.96 1.29 0.38 2.19 1.66 1.32 0.55 ETS1824_1 3.03 2.46 1.23 0.23 2.48 2.06 1.20 0.25 3.23 2.28 1.42 0.42 ETS1824_3 - - - - 2.17 1.80 1.21 0.32 2.80 1.92 1.45 0.57 注：K=ln(X/Y)/ln(Y/Z)，X/Y=(X/Z)/(Y/Z). 
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