Titanite Chemical Compositions and Their Implications for Petrogenesis and Mineralization in Zhongdian Arc, NW Yunnan, China
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摘要: 位于西南三江构造火成岩带义敦弧南段的中甸弧，以发育印支期斑岩型铜矿床和燕山期矽卡岩-热液石英脉型钼-钨-铜矿而著称.针对普朗、地苏嘎和休瓦促成矿岩体中的榍石单矿物，利用EMPA和LA-ICP-MS测定化学成分，探讨化学成分对成岩成矿的指示意义.普朗、地苏嘎和休瓦促岩体榍石均为岩浆来源.普朗岩体榍石形成温度为743~754℃，休瓦促岩体榍石形成温度为702~753℃.根据榍石的δCe、δEu推断三个岩体氧逸度高低顺序为：普朗>地苏嘎>休瓦促，榍石中的Cu含量对母岩浆中的Cu金属量变化不敏感，不能单独作为母岩浆Cu金属量的判别标志；钼成矿对岩体的氧逸度要求不高，在利用榍石中的Mo含量判断母岩浆中的Mo金属量时要综合考虑氧逸度和辉钼矿结晶的影响；岩体中的F含量能降低岩浆粘度，对钼成矿有促进作用，可以作为Mo成矿的指标；榍石中的W、Sn含量对Mo-W矿床具有指示作用，休瓦促Mo-W矿岩体中榍石的W、Sn含量要高于普朗和地苏嘎不成Mo-W矿的岩体.Abstract: Zhongdian arc is located in the southern section of the Yidun arc at the Sanjiang Tethys, Southwest China. It is known as the Indosinian porphyry copper deposits and the Yanshanian skarn-hydrothermal quartz vein Mo-W-Cu deposits. In this paper, it was measured the titanite chemical compositions from ore-forming rocks of Pulang, Disuga and Xiuwacu with EMPA and LA-ICP-MS to discuss their implications for petrogenesis and mineralization. The titanites from Pulang, Disuga and Xiuwacu are all of magmatic origin. The titanite formation temperature from Pulang pluton is 743-754 ℃, and 702-753 ℃ from Xiuwacu pluton. Based on the δCe, δEu from titanites, it can be inferred that the order of oxygen fugacity of these plutons is: Pulang > Disuga > Xiuwacu. It requires high magma oxygen fugacity for Cu mineralization, but the Cu contents in titanite are insensitive to the content variations of Cu in magma, which can not be used as an indication of the Cu contents in magma. Mo mineralization does not require high magma oxygen fugacity, and the magma oxygen fugacity and crystalization of molybdenite need to be thought when we use the Mo contents of titanite to determine the Mo fertility in magma. The F contents in magma can reduce magma viscosity and promote Mo mineralization which can be an indication for Mo mineralization. The W and Sn contents in the titanite is a good indication of the Mo-W mineralization, and the W and Sn contents in the Xiuwacu Mo-W deposit are higher than those in the Pulang and Disuga.
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Key words:
- Yidun /
- Zhongdian arc /
- titanite /
- petrogenesis and mineralization /
- mineral deposit
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图 1 东南亚构造单元划分简图(a)、义敦弧地质简图(b)和中甸弧地质简图(c)
图a中, YD.义敦弧；WB.西缅甸地块; SG.松潘-甘孜褶皱带; NLA.北拉萨弧; SQA：南羌塘弧; a.据Wang et al.(2014)修改; b.据Cao et al.(2019)修改; c.据Cao et al.(2019)修改
Fig. 1. The simplified diagram of structural units in Southeast Asia (a), the simplified geological maps of the Yindun arc (b) and the Zhongdian arc (c)
图 2 普朗、地苏嘎和休瓦促矿区地质简图
a.普朗矿区(据Cao et al., 2019修改); b.地苏嘎矿区(据刘学龙等, 2013修改); c.休瓦促矿区(据Yang et al., 2017修改)
Fig. 2. Geological map of Pulang, Disuga and Xiuwacu deposits
图 3 普朗、地苏嘎和休瓦促榍石镜下特征
Ttn.榍石；Ap.磷灰石；Zr.锆石；Q.石英；Pl.斜长石；Bt.黑云母；Hbl.角闪石
Fig. 3. Photomicrographs and BSE images of the titanites in Pulang, Disuga and Xiuwacu
图 4 普朗、地苏嘎和休瓦促榍石δCe-δEu图解
Fig. 4. Plot of δCe vs. δEu for titanites from Pulang, Disuga and Xiuwacu
图 5 普朗、地苏嘎和休瓦促全岩和榍石样品稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线
Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern of titanites and whole rocks from Pulang, Disuga and Xiuwacu
图 6 普朗、地苏嘎和休瓦促榍石δCe-F图解
Fig. 6. Plot of δCe vs. F for titanites from Pulang, Disuga and Xiuwacu
图 7 普朗、地苏嘎和休瓦促榍石W-Sn图解
Fig. 7. Plot of W vs. Sn for titanites from Pulang, Disuga and Xiuwacu
表 1 普朗、地苏嘎和休瓦促榍石EMPA测试结果
Table 1. The EMPA results of titanites from Pulang, Disuga and Xiuwacu
样号 F Al2O3 Na2O MgO SiO2 FeO MnO TiO2 CaO K2O P2O5 Total DSG⁃1 0.228 1.140 0.023 0.028 30.836 1.361 0.089 37.752 27.366 0.016 0.097 98.840 DSG⁃2 0.061 0.833 - 0.008 30.166 1.053 0.095 37.341 26.897 0.007 0.063 96.498 DSG⁃3 0.205 1.229 0.038 - 30.576 1.527 0.121 35.800 27.299 0.006 0.084 96.799 DSG⁃4 0.261 1.122 0.017 - 30.742 1.349 0.089 36.726 27.284 0.009 0.088 97.577 DSG⁃5 0.273 1.009 - 0.009 30.602 1.389 0.057 37.210 27.431 - 0.111 97.976 PL⁃1 0.086 1.149 - - 30.572 1.316 0.121 35.704 27.220 - 0.091 96.223 PL⁃2 0.240 1.045 - 0.003 30.501 1.335 0.013 36.704 27.440 - 0.104 97.284 PL⁃3 0.183 1.058 0.009 0.028 30.359 1.630 0.083 37.127 27.155 - 0.014 97.569 PL-4 0.294 1.125 - 0.002 30.521 1.362 0.089 38.176 27.398 - 0.120 98.963 PL⁃5 0.279 1.196 0.006 0.009 30.663 1.642 0.006 37.414 27.457 0.003 0.104 98.662 XWC⁃1 1.432 3.213 - 0.154 30.544 2.669 0.248 28.937 26.308 - - 92.902 XWC⁃2 1.391 3.880 0.029 0.175 30.249 3.476 0.457 26.999 25.507 0.002 0.018 91.597 XWC⁃3 1.285 3.315 0.053 0.177 29.643 3.252 0.344 29.010 25.723 0.009 0.009 92.279 XWC⁃4 1.229 3.221 - 0.134 30.371 3.041 0.218 30.795 26.091 - 0.072 94.655 XWC⁃5 1.575 3.332 - 0.160 30.185 2.921 0.513 30.521 26.107 - 0.037 94.688 注：“-”代表低于检测限，FeO为全铁含量；单位为%. 
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表 2 榍石Zr温度计计算结果
Table 2. Calculation results of Zr⁃in⁃titanite geothermometer
普朗石英二长斑岩榍石，
P=0.172 GPa休瓦促二长花岗岩榍石，
P=0.264 GPa样品号 Zr(10-6) T(℃) 样品号 Zr(10-6) T(℃) PL⁃01 598.1 744 XWC⁃01 512.6 746 PL⁃02 661.8 750 XWC⁃02 500.5 745 PL⁃03 703.4 753 XWC⁃03 225.8 702 PL⁃04 655.6 749 XWC⁃04 370.1 728 PL⁃05 590.2 743 XWC⁃05 466.7 741 PL⁃06 617.2 746 XWC⁃06 490.9 744 PL⁃07 624.4 746 XWC⁃07 455.6 740 PL⁃08 641.8 748 XWC⁃08 242.5 706 PL⁃09 669.5 750 XWC⁃09 578.6 753 PL⁃10 628.8 747 XWC⁃10 254.9 708 PL⁃11 659.4 749 XWC⁃11 501.3 745 PL⁃12 718.7 754 XWC⁃12 444.6 738 PL⁃13 607.0 745 XWC⁃13 293.0 716 平均值 748 平均值 732
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