Geological Characteristics and Application of Short Wavelength Infra-Red Technology (SWIR) in the Fukeshan Porphyry Copper Deposit in the Great Xing'an Range Area
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摘要: 富克山铜钼矿是黑龙江省近年来的重大找矿成果之一.详细的野外观察和室内研究发现该矿床具有典型斑岩矿化特征.该矿床致矿斑岩为闪长玢岩，该岩性的侵位导致其自身及围岩中的钾化、黄铁绢英岩化和晚期绿泥石-黄铁矿三期蚀变.矿化主要赋存在与黄铁绢英岩化相关的伟晶岩和花岗闪长岩中.蚀变矿化与致矿闪长玢岩枝的空间分布特征指示矿区南西向深部可能存在大规模致矿岩体.白云母族矿物Pos2200和绿泥石的Pos2250峰位值研究发现，二者受原岩成分影响较大，不宜作为下一步找矿的勘查指标.白云母族IC值(伊利石结晶度)和绿泥石中MnO则主要受到温度的控制，是寻找热液矿化中心的有力工具.该项研究表明，蚀变矿化特征与SWIR分析结合将对矿床勘查起到较为重要的指示作用.Abstract: The Fukeshan copper depositis one of the major prospecting breakthroughs recently made in Heilongjiang Province. After detailed field work and microscopic observation,we found that this deposit has typical porphyry style characteristics. Out study shows that the diorite porphyry is the mineralization-causative porphyry. The emplacement of the diorite porphyry caused the potassic alteration,phyllicalteration and latest age chlorite-pyrite alteration in and around this porphyry. Mineralization in the Fukeshan deposit is mainly associated with phyllic alteration. Mineralization is mostly confined within diorite porphyry and granodiorite. Distribution of alteration and the causative diorite porphyry indicate that there may be a large-scale causative porphyry at depth in the southwest of the deposit. Detailed SWIR study indicates that the Pos2200 of muscovite and Pos2250 of chlorite are controlled by the composition of the original altered minerals,thus not suitable to be used as a vector for exploration. The IC values of muscovite group and MnO concentration in chlorite are controlled by temperature and can be used to be a vector to find the hydrothermal center at Fukeshan.This research highlights that the combination of alteration mapping and SWIR analysis can be of great help in mineral exploration.
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Key words:
- Great Xing'an range /
- Fukeshan /
- porphyry deposit /
- SWIR /
- mineral exploration /
- geochemistry
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图 1 大兴安岭地区地质图
据Deng et al.(2019)；该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2019)1699号的标准地图制作，底图无修改.1.多宝山铜钼矿；2.铜山铜钼矿；3.争光金矿；4.八大关铜钼矿；5.太平川铜钼矿；6.乌努格土山铜钼矿；7.三矿沟铁铜矿；8.二十一站铜钼矿；9.岔路口钼矿；10.大黑山钼铜矿；11.富克山铜钼矿；12.小柯勒河铜钼矿；13.霍洛台铜钼矿；14.甲乌拉银铅锌矿；15.查干布拉格银铅锌矿；16.孟恩套力盖银矿；17.太平沟钼矿；18.砂宝斯金矿；19.洛古河铅锌矿；20.宝兴沟金矿；21.三道湾子金矿
Fig. 1. Geological map of the Great Xing'an range, Northeast China
图 3 富克山矿区A-A’和B-B’剖面
Fig. 3. Geological profile of the A-A' and B-B' section in the Fukeshan deposit
图 4 富克山矿区钻孔揭露岩浆岩种类
a.伟晶岩；b.花岗闪长岩；c.闪长玢岩；d.安山质脉岩；e.闪长玢岩与花岗闪长岩接触部位样品，箭头代表逐渐远离闪长玢岩
Fig. 4. Igneous rocks in the Fukeshan deposit
图 5 富克山斑岩铜钼矿床中矿石特征
a.闪长玢岩中的浸染状铜硫化物；b.花岗闪长岩中的石英-黄铜矿-黄铁矿脉；c.蚀变花岗闪长岩中的石英-辉钼矿脉；d.石英-辉钼矿脉(B脉)切割早期石英-钾长石脉(A脉)；e.石英-黄铁矿脉(D脉)
Fig. 5. Ore mineral characteristics in Fukeshan deposit
图 6 富克山铜钼矿矿化期次表
Fig. 6. Alteration and mineralization paragenesis of the Fukeshan deposit
图 7 富克山铜钼矿晚期石膏脉
a.石膏脉切割伟晶岩；b.石膏脉切割石英辉钼矿脉
Fig. 7. Late stage gypsum veins at Fukeshan deposit
图 8 富克山铜钼矿蚀变矿化特征
a.闪长玢岩中的石英-黑云母脉；b.岩体中的石英脉，石英脉中的矿物组合为磁铁矿-赤铁矿-黄铜矿-黄铁矿；c.黑云母被绿泥石-黄铜矿交代；d.浸染状黄铜矿和斑铜矿；e.黄铜矿-斑铜矿-磁铁矿组合；f.岩体中的石英脉，石英脉中见自形黄铁矿、辉钼矿和黄铜矿；g.金红石-黄铁矿-黄铜矿组合；h.钾化阶段磁铁矿颗粒被金红石-黄铜矿-黄铁矿脉切割；i. D脉(黝铜矿-黄铜矿-黄铁矿脉)；j.伟晶岩中发育的黄铁绢英岩化蚀变(石英-绢云母-黄铁矿脉)；k.晚期绿泥石-黄铁矿蚀变
Fig. 8. Photos show alteration and mineralization in the Fukeshan deposit
图 9 富克山铜钼矿A-A’和B-B’剖面中蚀变矿物分布
蓝色代表伊利石；橙色代表绿泥石；绿色代表白云母
Fig. 9. The distribution of alteration minerals in the A-A' and B-B' section in the Fukeshan deposit
图 10 富克山铜钼矿SWIR空间分布特征
a. IC值空间变化；b.Pos2200空间变化；c.Pos2250空间变化
Fig. 10. The distribution features of SWIR spectrum parameters
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