Depositional Genesis Analysis of Source Rock in Pinghu Formation of Western Slope, Xihu Depression
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摘要: 西湖凹陷西斜坡是东海盆地当前油气勘探的现实选择和主要领域，但以往研究在烃源岩形成条件和分布规律等基本地质问题方面尚未形成共识.在沉积学、煤岩学和有机地球化学等理论指导下，利用钻井、烃源岩有机地球化学及古生物等资料，对西湖凹陷西斜坡钻井揭示的平湖组烃源岩成因类型和形成条件进行了全面系统分析，建立了与沉积环境相对应的有机相划分方法，并总结了平面分布规律.研究表明，烃源岩主要为煤系烃源岩，次要为海相泥岩；西斜坡中北部以受潮汐影响的三角洲-障壁海岸沉积体系为主，西斜坡中南部为潮坪-半封闭海湾体系；沉积环境差异决定了烃源岩类型的不同，潮坪-泻湖比三角洲具有更高的煤系发育程度和生烃能力.研究结果对西斜坡烃源岩评价和储层预测及勘探部署有较大指导作用.Abstract: The western slope of Xihu deprssion is the realistic choice and main field of current petroleum exploration in East China Sea basin. However, there is no consensus reached on the basic geological problems such as the formation conditions and distribution rule of source rock. Based on sedimentology, coal petrography and organic geochemistry, using the drilling data, organic geochemistry of source rock and paleontology, genetic types and formation conditions of source rock of Pinghu Formation in western slope of Xihu depression have been systematically analyzed in this study. In addition, the organic facies division method corresponding to sedimentary environment has been established, and distribution law has been summarized.It is found that the source rocks are mainly coal-bearing source rocks, and secondly marine mudstones. The north-central region of western slope mainly develops costal sedimentary system affected by tidal, while the south-central region of western slope develops tidal-flat and semi-enclosed gulf system. Different sedimentary environments determine different types of source rocks. The tidal-flat and lagoon have higher coal-bearing development degree and hydrocarbon generation capacity than delta. This research is significant for source rock evaluation, reservoir prediction and exploration deployment in western slope.
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Key words:
- East China Sea basin /
- Xihu depression /
- Pinghu Formation /
- source rock /
- sedimentary system /
- development model /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 东海盆地西湖凹陷构造纲要图
Fig. 1. Structure outline map of Xihu depression, East China Sea basin
图 2 西湖凹陷不同构造带烃源岩及原油δ13C饱和烃与δ13C芳烃关系
Fig. 2. Relationship between δ13C saturated hydrocarbon and δ13C aromatics of source rock and crude oil in different structural belts of Xihu depression
图 3 西湖凹陷南北部原油二萜类化合物分布
a.A-4井原油，4 150~4 169 m; b.A-10井原油，3 769~3 799 m; c.A-22井原油，3 500.4~3 510.5 m; d.A-26井原油，3 767~3 784 m; e.A-33井黄色轻质油，3 416.2~3 437.4 m; f.A-35井原油，3 013.5~3 017 m; g.A-36井黄色轻质油，2 720.7~2 731.0 m; h.A-39井原油，3 013.5~3 017 m
Fig. 3. Distribution of crude oil diterpenoids between the north and the south of Xihu depression
图 4 西湖凹陷天然气成因分析
a.甲烷-乙烷碳同位素关系; b.煤系烃源岩气源对比
Fig. 4. Genesis analysis of natural gas in Xihu depression
图 6 平湖组砂岩中主要沉积构造类型
a.槽状交错层理，三角洲前缘分流河道，A-8井，3 301.8~3 302 m，平一二段; b.楔状交错层理，三角洲前缘分流河道，A-8井，4 048.1~4 048.2 m，平四段; c.羽状交错层理，潮坪，A-37井，3 743.35~3 743.45 m，平四段; d.平行层理，三角洲前缘分流河道，A-8井，3 546.38~3 546.58 m，平三段; e.枕状构造，三角洲前缘，A-9井，3 156.37~3 156.47 m，平三段; f.包卷层理，三角洲前缘，A-7井，4 346.55~4 346.70 m，平二段; g.复合层理，潮坪，A-30井，4 174.0~4 174.10 m，平四段; h.“人”字构造，潮坪，A-30井，3 143.0~3 143.15 m，平二段; i.水平层理，浅海，A-37井，4 877.70~4 878.80 m，平五段
Fig. 6. Main sedimentary structural types of sandstone of Pinghu Formation
图 7 西斜坡平湖组各段沉积相平面图
a.平五段；b.平四段；c.平三段；d.平一二段
Fig. 7. Sedimentary facies of each member of Pinghu Formation in the western slope
图 8 西斜坡烃源岩分布与古构造关系
a.平湖组烃源岩性质频率分布图；b.平四段△t与煤层厚度叠合图
Fig. 8. Relationship between distribution of source rocks and paleostructure in the western slope
图 9 A-18井海侵与煤系烃源岩发育关系
Fig. 9. Relationship between transgression and development of coal-bearing source rocks in the Well A-18
图 11 西斜坡烃源岩有机相分布
Fig. 11. Organic facies distribution of source rocks in the western slope
表 1 西斜坡平湖组烃源岩丰度统计
Table 1. Abundance statistics of source rocks of Pinghu Formation in the western slope
层位 统计值 泥岩 炭质泥岩 煤 TOC
(%)S1+S2
(mg/g)HI
(mg/g)TOC
(%)S1+S2
(mg/g)HI
(mg/g)TOC
(%)S1+S2
(mg/g)HI
(mg/g)平湖组 最小值 0.09 0.07 10 6.21 16.3 205 41.44 158.8 283 最大值 5.55 16.8 542 39.87 263.6 827 67.31 360.5 719 平均值 0.99 2.1 151 21.42 84.3 341 54.27 229.5 405 样本数 383 383 383 31 31 31 8 8 8 
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表 2 西斜坡平湖组有孔虫、介形虫组合及沉积环境
Table 2. Statistics of foraminifer, ostracoda assemblage and sedimentary environment of Pinghu Formation in the western slope
区域组合及沉积环境地层层段 北部A-1井 中部A-15、A-18井 南部A-30井 有孔虫组合 介形虫组合 沉积环境 有孔虫组合 介形虫组合 沉积环境 有孔虫组合 介形虫组合 沉积环境 平一二段 抱球虫 / 三角洲前缘 / / / 具棱似单栏虫希望虫 / 潮坪-咸化泻湖 平三段 串球虫 / 河口湾 希尔加德面包虫拟单栏虫旭川诺宁虫 / 咸化泻湖河口湾-淡化泻湖 圆盘虫 中华金星介真金星介属美星介属 咸化泻湖 平四段 / 美星介 河口湾-淡化泻湖 罗默诺宁虫似单栏虫属 美星介 河口湾-淡化泻湖咸化泻湖 希望虫 中华金星介真金星介属美星介属 咸化泻湖-滨浅海 平五段 / 土星介 淡水湖 / 美星介 半咸水泻湖 / 中华金星介真金星介属美星介属 咸化泻湖
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表 3 西湖凹陷平湖组沉积时期水体古盐度统计
Table 3. Paleosalinity statistics of sedimentary period of Pinghu Formation in Xihu depression
井名 平一二段古盐度(‰) 平三段古盐度(‰) 平四段古盐度(‰) 平五段古盐度(‰) A-1 8.8 9.3 9.1 / A-4 6 4.7 5.3 6.0 A-7 9.6 / / / A-11 7.1 / / / A-12 7 / / / A-13 4.3 3.0 3.3 5.1 A-14 4.5 5.7 5.6 4.8 A-22 3.5 4.7 3.3 / A-26 3.3 / / / A-32 3.8 / / / A-34 5.5 / / / A-38 3.2 / / / A-40 5.4 / / /
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