The Coupling Relationship between Paleofluid Pressure Evolution and Hydrocarbon-Charging Events in the Deep of Biyang Depression, Central China
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摘要: 泌阳凹陷深凹区蕴含可观的岩性油气藏，现今压力大多显示为常压-弱超压系统.利用盆地数值模拟和流体包裹体热动力学模拟相结合，揭示了深凹区古压力演化历史.生烃历史显示泌阳凹陷持续埋藏到廖庄组沉积末期达到最大埋藏深度（约23.03 Ma）时，达到生烃高峰期；随后地层抬升，生烃强度减弱并趋近于停止.深凹区砂岩储层中检测到两种不同成分油包裹体，即成熟度低的橙黄色荧光油包裹体和成熟度相对较高的蓝绿色荧光油包裹体.包裹体均一温度结合埋藏史显示深凹区油气充注时间分别为35.4~30.3 Ma和27.8~26.5 Ma.盆地数值模拟显示深凹区从39.3 Ma开始压力持续增加，到约23.03 Ma时，即埋藏最深时发育显著的超压，压力系数可达1.5左右，之后超压减弱，演化至现今的常压-弱超压系统.包裹体热动力学模拟恢复的古压力也显示相似的演化趋势.总体上，生烃期，充注期以及超压形成期三者在时间上的耦合表明深凹区是由生烃增压下驱动两期油气充注以至形成现今的岩性油气藏.Abstract: The deep area of Biyang depression contains considerable lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs, and the present pressure is mostly shown as normal-weak overpressure system. In this study, the paleopressure evolution history of the deep depression has been revealed combining with the numerical simulation and thermodynamics of fluid inclusion. The hydrocarbon generation history shows that the Biyang depression reached the peak of hydrocarbon generation when it reached the maximum burial depth at the end of the sedimentation of the Liaozhuang Formation (about 23.03 Ma). After the formation uplift, the hydrocarbon generation weakened and approached to a stop. Two different oil inclusions were detected in the deep sandstone reservoir, which were the orange-yellow fluorescent oil inclusion with low maturity and the blue-green fluorescent oil inclusion with relatively high maturity. The homogenization temperature of the inclusion combined with the burial history chart shows that the hydrocarbon charging time is 35.4-30.3 Ma and 27.8-26.5 Ma respectively. The numerical simulation results show that the pressure in the deep continued to increase from 39.3 Ma, and reached an obviously overpressure at about 23.03 Ma at the deepest burial. The pressure coefficient reached to about 1.5, and then the overpressure weakened and evolved into the present normal-weak overpressure system. The paleo-pressure of the thermodynamic simulation of the inclusions also shows a similar evolutionary trend. In conclusion, the coupling of the hydrocarbon generation period, the charging event and the overpressure period indicate that the present lithologic reservoir in deep is attributed to two-stage hydrocarbon charging driven by overpressure caused by hydrocarbon generation.
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Key words:
- paleofluid pressure /
- hydrocarbon charging /
- fluid inclusion /
- Biyang depression /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 泌阳凹陷区域地质分布以及取样井
Fig. 1. Regional geological distribution and sampling wells in Biyang depression
图 2 过泌阳凹陷全区的剖面以及部分已探明深凹区油气层
Fig. 2. Cross-section profile and proven oil and gas layers in Biyang depression
图 3 泌阳凹陷B354井岩性、DST、泥岩声波、密度和电阻率
Fig. 3. The lithology, DST, mudstone acoustic, density and resistivity logging in the Well B354
图 4 深凹区B78井模拟的置信图（a）和埋藏-热史图(b)
Fig. 4. The calibration (a) and burial-thermal history (b) in the Well B78
图 5 深凹区BY1井模拟的置信图（a）, 埋藏-热历史(b)以及生烃史（c）
Fig. 5. The calibration (a), burial-thermal history (b) and hydrocarbon generation history (c) in the Well BY1
图 6 泌阳凹陷二维盆地模拟AA’测线沉积相填充结果
Fig. 6. Sedimentary facies profile of two-dimensional line AA' in Biyang depression
图 7 泌阳凹陷二维盆地模拟AA’测线古压力演化剖面
Fig. 7. The paleo-pressure evolution profile of two-dimensional line AA' in Biyang depression
图 8 泌阳凹陷深凹区砂岩储层检测到不同成熟度的油包裹体
Fig. 8. The different maturity oil inclusions in sandstone reservoir in the deep of Biyang depression
图 9 深凹区油包裹体显微荧光光谱图（a）和油包裹体荧光主峰波长QF535与λmax关系（b）
Fig. 9. The microfluorescence spectra (a) and the relationship between main peak wavelength of fluorescence QF535 and λmax (b) by the oil inclusions in deep depression
图 10 泌阳凹陷深凹区油气成藏时期
Fig. 10. The hydrocarbon accumulation period in the deep of Biyang depression
图 11 流体包裹体古压力系数-时间散点图
Fig. 11. The paleo-pressure coefficient-time scatter diagram of fluid inclusions
表 1 泌阳凹陷深凹区砂岩储层中油包裹体和盐水包裹体的测试结果
Table 1. The test results of the oil inclusion and brine inclusion in sandstone reservoir in the deep of Biyang depression
井号 深度(m) 宿主矿物及产状 包裹体类型 成因 Th(℃) 荧光颜色 B214 1 833.6 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 77.2~80.2/78.7 橙黄色 伴生盐水 98.3~99.8/98.9 1 846.8 石英颗粒内裂纹 油 次生 59.3~62.6/60.7 橙黄色 盐水 83.6~92.0/87.1 1 860 石英内裂纹 油 次生 69.5 蓝绿色 盐水 100.6~109.3/106.1 石英内裂纹 油 次生 73.2 橙黄色 盐水 93.6~94.2/93.9 B94 2 108.7~2 109.0 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 75.2~85.3/80.6 蓝绿色 盐水 115.6~118.7/117.2(n=2)/92.9 粒间方解石胶结物 油 原生 83.4~108.5/96.0 橙黄色 93.9 盐水 103.8~108.8/106.3 B78 1 912.9 石英颗粒内裂纹 油 次生 80.1~84.6/82.0 蓝绿色 伴生盐水 75.7~80.1/78.3 B96 2 104.9 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 橙黄色 伴生盐水 77.4~84.9/80.1(n=3) B197 2 867.5 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 99.1~105.8/97.7(n=4) 橙黄色 盐水 104.1~116.5/108.8(n=5) 石英颗粒次生加大边 油 原生 87.6~91.5/89.6(n=2) 橙黄色 伴生盐水 104.5~116.8/109.6(n=5) 3 212.2 石英颗粒次生加大边 油 原生 99.0~111.5/103.6(n=4) 橙黄色 伴生盐水 122.9(n=1) B168 1 522.4 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 78.5(n=1) 橙黄色 盐水 77.9~86.9/82.6(n=3) 石英颗粒次生加大边 油 原生 80.9~85.0/83.0(n=2) 蓝绿色 伴生盐水 105.1~107.3/106.2(n=2) 1 664.3 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 58.9~63.1/61.0(n=3) 蓝绿色 盐水 89.5~101.1/95.8(n=6) 1 684.8 穿石英颗粒裂纹 油 次生 65.3(n=1) 蓝绿色 盐水 93.9~98.7/96.3(n=3) 
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