新疆喀什三角洲地下水流系统的水化学和同位素标记

魏兴; 周金龙; 梁杏; 乃尉华; 曾妍妍; 范薇; 李斌

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.177

新疆喀什三角洲地下水流系统的水化学和同位素标记

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.177

魏兴^{1, 2, ,},
周金龙^{1, 2, , ,},
梁杏³,
乃尉华⁴,
曾妍妍^{1, 2},
范薇^{1, 2},
李斌⁴

1.
新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.
新疆水文水资源工程技术研究中心, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
3.
中国地质大学环境学院, 湖北武汉 430074
4.
新疆维吾尔自治区地质矿产勘查开发局第二水文工程地质大队, 新疆昌吉 831100

基金项目:

新疆自治区自然科学基金项目 2019D01B18

国家自然科学基金项目 41662016

详细信息

作者简介:
魏兴(1993-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事同位素水文地质学与地下水或地表水转化研究

通讯作者:
周金龙

中图分类号: P641
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-17
- 刊出日期: 2020-05-15

Hydrochemical and Isotopic Markers of Groundwater Flow Systems in the Kashgar Delta Area in Xinjiang

Wei Xing^{1, 2
,
,},
Zhou Jinlong^{1, 2
, ,
,},
Liang Xing³,
Nai Weihua⁴,
Zeng Yanyan^{1, 2},
Fan Wei^{1, 2},
Li Bin⁴

1.
College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2.
Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, China
3.
School of Environment Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
4.
No.2 Hydrogeological and Engineering Geological Team of Xinjiang Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development, Changji 831100, China

摘要

摘要: 新疆喀什三角洲地下水“水质型”缺水问题较为突出，开展地下水流系统研究具有实际意义.采用水化学和环境同位素年龄测试法，在对喀什三角洲地下水含水系统划分基础上，对地下水化学和循环更新特征进行了分析研究.结果表明：三角洲含水系统由山前倾斜冲洪积平原潜水、河流冲积平原潜水和河流冲积平原承压水构成.沿地下水流向，水化学类型演化为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca→SO₄-Ca→SO₄·Cl-Mg·Na→SO₄·Cl-Na，TDS增高，水质趋向盐化.山前倾斜冲洪积平原为溶滤-径流区，河流冲积平原为径流-累盐区.研究区地下水更新速率为0.03%~16.35%·a^-1，具有山前倾斜冲洪积平原潜水>河流冲积平原潜水>河流冲积平原承压水的特征.利用³H估算得出，山前倾斜冲洪积平原潜水年龄为8~49 a，平均值为29 a；河流冲积平原潜水年龄为14~>50 a，其中上部潜水平均年龄为24 a，下部潜水平均年龄大于50 a.利用¹⁴C估算得出，河流冲积平原潜水为476~33 623 a，平均值为8 106 a；河流冲积平原承压水为5 186~34 578 a，平均值为30 043 a，与潜水比为“更古老”的水.综合以上特征得出，喀什三角洲地下水含水系统可以划分为2个更新速率较快的局部水流系统（Ⅰ₁和Ⅰ₂）和一个循环滞缓的区域水流系统（Ⅱ）.
- 新疆喀什三角洲 /
- 水文地球化学 /
- 同位素年龄 /
- 更新速率 /
- 地下水流系统 /
- 水文地质
Abstract: The shortage of groundwater caused by poor water quality is more prominent in the Kashgar delta of Xinjiang, so it is practical significance to study groundwater flow system. Based on the divisions of groundwater aquifer system in Kashgar delta, the characteristics of the groundwater hydrochemistry and cycle regeneration were analyzed using hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotope age test methods. The research results show that the delta aquifer system consists of unconfined groundwater in piedmont sloping alluvial-diluvial plain, unconfined groundwater in river alluvial plain and confined groundwater in river alluvial plain. The evolution of groundwater hydrochemistry types is HCO₃·SO₄-Ca→SO₄-Ca→SO₄·Cl-Mg·Na→SO₄·Cl-Na along the groundwater flow direction. With the increased TDS, the groundwater quality tends towards salinization. Piedmont sloping alluvial-diluvial plain is the main dissolution-runoff zone and the river alluvial plain is main runoff-accumulation salt zone. The groundwater renewal rate in the study area is 0.03%~16.35%·a^-1, which is characterized by unconfined groundwater in piedmont sloping alluvial-diluvial plain > unconfined groundwater in river alluvial plain > confined groundwater in river alluvial plain. Estimated by ³H, the age of unconfined groundwater in piedmont sloping alluvial-diluvial plain is 8~49 a, with an average of 29 a.The age of unconfined groundwater in river alluvial plain is 14~ > 50 a, in which the average age of upper unconfined groundwater is 24 a, and the average age of lower unconfined groundwater is > 50 a. Estimated by ¹⁴C, the age of unconfined groundwater in river alluvial plain is 476~33 623 a, with an average of 8 106 a. The age of confined groundwater in river alluvial plain is 5 186~34 578 a, with an average of 30 043 a, being "older" than unconfined groundwater. Based on the above characteristics, the groundwater aquifer systems in Kashgar delta are divided into two local flow systems (Ⅰ₁ and Ⅰ₂) with faster renewal rate and a regional flow system (Ⅱ) with slow circulation.
- Kashgar delta in Xinjiang /
- hydrogeochemistry /
- isotope age /
- renewal rate /
- groundwater flow system /
- hydrogeology

HTML全文

图 1 研究区地下水采样点分布

Fig. 1. Distribution of groundwater sampling locations in the study area

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图 2 含水介质中矿物饱和指数关系

Fig. 2. Saturation index relation of minerals in aquifer medium

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图 3 潜水³H年龄及更新速率

Fig. 3. ³H age and the renewal rates in unconfined groundwater

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图 4 典型剖面地下水流系统

Fig. 4. Groundwater flow systems of typical section

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表 1 地下水化学参数与频数分布

Table 1. Hydrochemical parameters and frequency distribution in groundwater

水文地质单元	指标	统计值			按地下水质量标准限值分组（个）
水文地质单元	指标	最大值	最小值	平均值	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	2Ⅴ	4Ⅴ	8Ⅴ	16Ⅴ	32Ⅴ
山前倾斜冲洪积平原潜水（n=49）	pH	8.42	7.26	7.88	49			0	0	0
	TDS（mg·L^-1）	3 163.8	291.5	1 136.0	1	9	17	13	9	0	0	0	0	0
	总硬度（mg·L^-1）	1 306.2	170.9	524.3	0	14	10	10	14	1	0	0	0	0
	Na⁺（mg·L^-1）	759.3	14.5	189.3	20	12	4	5	8	0	0	0	0	0
	Ca²⁺（mg·L^-1）	265	28.4	112.7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Mg²⁺（mg·L^-1）	176.9	4.4	59.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Cl^-（mg·L^-1）	822.6	14.2	229.8	7	21	8	5	1	7	0	0	0	0
	HCO₃^-（mg·L^-1）	1 294.9	24.4	185.0	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	SO₄^2-（mg·L^-1）	1 239.3	101.9	440.5	0	6	13	4	14	12	0	0	0	0
河流冲积平原潜水（n=78）	pH	8.28	7.11	7.78	78			0	0	0
	TDS（mg·L^-1）	44 130.4	280.4	6 404.8	2	6	23	16	13	5	0	7	6	0
	总硬度（mg·L^-1）	10 619.8	158.4	1 871.8	0	10	13	13	17	10	5	9	1	0
	Na⁺（mg·L^-1）	13 916.7	31.2	1 645.9	21	14	5	13	9	3	0	5	7	1
	Ca²⁺（mg·L^-1）	1 707.2	34.1	262.0	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Mg²⁺（mg·L^-1）	2 272.5	15.3	296.4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Cl^-（mg·L^-1）	20 210.5	22.7	2 027.0	9	25	8	11	3	9	0	0	8	5
	HCO₃^-（mg·L^-1）	756.8	59.8	265.2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	SO₄^2-（mg·L^-1）	9 611.8	92.2	1 779.8	0	5	9	8	19	14	8	3	11	1
河流冲积平原承压水（n=275）	pH	8.52	7.23	7.86	274			1	0	0
	TDS（mg·L^-1）	21 966.2	246.5	2 900.8	3	23	76	55	58	38	16	6	0	0
	总硬度（mg·L^-1）	10 239.1	48.2	1 187.6	13	47	42	29	62	49	28	5	0	0
	Na⁺（mg·L^-1）	5 115.4	14.1	571.7	46	38	30	50	59	32	13	7	0	0
	Ca²⁺（mg·L^-1）	1 769.7	9.3	197.7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Mg²⁺（mg·L^-1）	1 187.7	3.2	163.9	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	Cl^-（mg·L^-1）	6 044.6	19.8	617.7	23	75	32	21	55	41	16	10	2	0
	HCO₃^-（mg·L^-1）	1 320.9	48.8	223.7	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	SO₄^2-（mg·L^-1）	9 173.6	39.7	1 231.4	1	17	34	25	69	54	40	29	6	0

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表 2 地下水³H年龄估算结果

Table 2. Estimation of ³H age in groundwater

水文地质单元	分布范围（a）	样本数n（个）	占比（%）	平均值（a）
山前倾斜冲洪积平原潜水（n=28）	0~10	1	3.6	8
	10~30	19	67.9	24
	30~50	8	28.5	44
	> 50	—	—	—
河流冲积平原潜水（n=37）	0~10	—	—	—
	10~30	18	48.6	22
	30~50	2	5.4	40
	> 50	17	46.0	—
河流冲积平原承压水（n=27）	0~10	—	—	—
	10~30	—	—	—
	30~50	—	—	—
	> 50	27	100.0	—

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表 3 地下水更新速率估算结果

Table 3. Estimation of groundwater renewal rate

水文地质单元	分布范围（%·a^-1）	样本数n（个）	占比（%）	平均值（%·a^-1）
山前倾斜冲洪积平原潜水（n=28）	10~16.35	2	7.2	13.80
	5~10	13	46.4	6.20
	0~5	13	46.4	3.83
河流冲积平原潜水（n=37）	10~16.35	—	—	—
	5~10	17	45.9	6.70
	0~5	20	54.1	1.10
河流冲积平原承压水（n=27）	10~16.35	—	—	—
	5~10	—	—	—
	0~5	27	100.0	0.02

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表 4 地下水¹⁴C年龄估算结果

Table 4. Estimation of ¹⁴C age in groundwater

水文地质单元	分布范围（a）	样本数n（个）	占比（%）	平均值（a）
河流冲积平原潜水（n=14）	50~1 000	2	14.3	602
	1 000~10 000	10	71.4	4 506
	10 000~33 623	2	14.3	33 609
河流冲积平原承压水（n=14）	50~1 000	—	—	—
	1 000~10 000	1	7.1	5 186
	10 000~34 578	13	92.9	31 955

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表 5 不同地区地下水¹⁴C年龄对比

Table 5. Comparison of ¹⁴C age in groundwater in different areas

地区	参考文献	取样深度（m）	¹⁴C年龄（a）	最大年龄比值
宁夏银川平原	苏小四等(2006)	70~250	0~8 750	0.25
北京市潮白河冲积扇	翟远征等(2013)	100~200	2 000~12 000	0.35
甘肃黑河流域	阮云峰等(2015)	70~150	0~14 000	0.40
宁夏固原	黄小琴等(2014)	100~180	2 000~23 800	0.69
山东鲁北平原	杨丽芝等(2009)	300~350	2 620~25 470	0.74
青海柴达木盆地	刘峰等(2014)	< 180	0~28 000	0.81
新疆喀什三角洲	本文	< 350	476~34 578	1.00
河北平原	卫文等(2011)	250~550	673~35 200	1.02

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