The Recognition of Potential Fault Zone in Ordos Basin and Its Reservoir Control
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摘要: 所谓隐性断裂带，是指在断裂发育早期，主断面形成之前的裂缝发育带或一系列地质体定向律排列所反映的弱变形断裂趋势带.为了研究鄂尔多斯盆地隐性断裂带的形成机制及其对油气运聚成藏的控制作用，在重、磁、区域地质等分析的基础上，充分应用油气勘探、野外考查等资料，在鄂尔多斯盆地分别识别出了盆地级、坳陷级、凹陷级和圈闭级的隐性断裂带，按走向可分为东西向、北西向和北东向等.研究表明：按照从隐性到显性的顺序，可将隐性断裂带的演化分为盖层密集裂缝发育期、雁列式断裂线性展布期、断裂面断续形成期、断裂面陆续连通期以及断裂面连通且产生断距的显性断裂期5个基本阶段.隐性断裂带调节了盆地的构造格局、分割凹陷、隆起、加速烃源岩的发育程度、控制沉积体系的展布、改善储集层和输导体系，对油气的生成和运聚成藏都有着重要影响，隐性断裂带的发育区，往往是油气聚集靶区.Abstract: Potential fault zone refers to the weak deformation fault trend zone reflected by the fracture development zone or a series of geological body alignment before the formation of the main section in the early stage of fault development. In order to study the formation mechanism of potential fault zones in Ordos basin and their control on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, basin-level, depression-level, sag-level and trap-level potential fault zones were identified in Ordos basin by fully utilizing the data of oil and gas exploration and field investigation on the basis of gravity, magnetism and regional geology analysis. These potential fault zones can be divided into east-west, north-west and north-east directions according to their strike. According to the sequence from recessive to dominant, the evolution of the potential fault zone can be divided into five basic stages: the development period of dense caprock fractures, the linear distribution period of echelon faults, the intermittent formation period of fracture surface, the successive connection period of fracture surface and the connection of fracture surfaces period. It is concluded that the potential fault zone has important impact on hydrocarbon generation and accumulation, regulating the structural pattern of basin, dividing depressions and uplifts, accelerating the development of source rocks, controlling the distribution of sedimentary systems, and improving reservoir and transport system. The development area of potential fault zone is often the target area for hydrocarbon accumulation.
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Key words:
- Ordos basin /
- potential fault zone /
- hydrocarbon accumulation /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地中部盆地级隐性断裂带
a.鄂尔多斯盆地遥感图; b.中部东西向盆地级隐性断裂带特征; c.盆地中部大地电磁剖面（剖面位置见图 1b）
Fig. 2. Basin-level potential fault zones in the central Ordos basin
图 3 北东向坳陷级隐性断裂带特征
a.北东向隐性断裂带在盆地的位置; b.榆林地区重磁资料解释; c.隐性断裂带剖面特征, 位置见图b
Fig. 3. Characteristics of NE trending depression-level potential fault zones
图 4 盆地坳陷级隐性断裂带平面特征
Fig. 4. Planar characteristics of depression-level potential fault zones in Ordos basin
图 5 凹陷级隐性断裂带特征
a.北西向隐性断裂带平面特征; b.北西向隐性断裂带剖面特征, 位置见图a
Fig. 5. Characteristics of sag-level potential fault zones
图 6 红河油田凹陷级隐性断裂带特征
据王翠丽等（2014）修编；a.隐性断裂带平面特征; b.断裂发育区最大主应力等值线图; c.燕山期构造应力场示意
Fig. 6. Characteristics of sag-level potential fault zones in Honghe oil field
图 7 马坊地区洼陷级隐性断裂带平面特征
Fig. 7. Planar characteristics of sub-sag-level potential fault zones in Mafang area
图 8 正宁地区断裂平面特征及走向玫瑰花图
Fig. 8. Planar characteristics of fault and rose diagram of trend in Zhengning area
图 11 隐性断裂带对烃源岩的影响
a.中生界油气分布、地震震中、生烃范围与隐性断裂带叠合图；据赵文智等（2003）修编; b.中生界盐池地区震积岩分布
Fig. 11. Effects of potential fault zone on source rocks
图 12 隐性断裂带对沉积的影响作用
a.延长期各期湖盆范围; b.沉积中心迁移图，据邱欣卫(2011)修改
Fig. 12. Effects of potential fault zone on sediments
图 13 隐性断裂带对输导体系的改造
a.古生界裂缝与渗透异常区叠合图, 据范泓澈等（2011）改动; b.油气共生-复合成藏系统模式
Fig. 13. Reform of potential fault zone to transport system
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