拉萨地块东部米拉山地区中新世地层的特征及构造意义

张博川; 范建军; 罗安波; 于云鹏; 郝宇杰

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.149

拉萨地块东部米拉山地区中新世地层的特征及构造意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.149

1.
吉林大学地球科学学院, 吉林长春 130061
2.
东北亚矿产资源评价自然资源部重点实验室, 吉林长春 130061

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41872231

国家自然科学基金项目 41702227

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160026

详细信息

作者简介:
张博川(1996-), 男, 硕士研究生, 构造地质学专业

通讯作者:
范建军

中图分类号: P541
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2019-07-15

Characteristics and Tectonic Significance of the Miocene Strata in the Milashan Area, Eastern Lhasa Terrane

1.
College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Evaluation in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changchun 130061, China

摘要

摘要: 中新世是拉萨地块增厚隆升的重要时期.本次报道了拉萨地块东部首次厘定的中新世地层，岩石类型包括流纹岩、英安岩、火山碎屑岩、黑曜岩和岩屑砂岩等，由3组喷发旋回构成.锆石U-Pb定年显示，该套地层形成于17.2~18.2 Ma.全岩地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析显示，地层中的流纹岩具有钾质火山岩的地球化学特征，同时兼具A型花岗岩的亲缘性，为古老中下地壳部分熔融的产物.英安岩具有埃达克质岩的地球化学特征，为增厚新生下地壳部分熔融的产物.米拉山钾质流纹岩和埃达克质英安岩野外共生，丰富了拉萨地块中新世岩浆岩的研究内容，为青藏高原中新世岩石圈减薄/拆沉模型提供了新的证据.
- 青藏高原 /
- 拉萨地块东部 /
- 中新世 /
- 钾质火山岩 /
- 埃达克质岩 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: Miocene is an important period for the thickening and uplifting of the Lhasa terrane. A set of Miocene strata were recently identified in the eastern Lhasa terrane. It can be divided into three eruption cycles, and consists of rhyolite, dacite, pyroclastic rock, obsidian and lithic sandstone. Zircon U-Pb dating shows that the strata formed during 17.2-18.2 Ma. Whole-rock major and trace element analysis and zircon Hf isotope analysis show that the rhyolite has the geochemical characteristics of potassic volcanic rocks, and is derived from the partial melting of a middle-lower crust. The dacite has the geochemical characteristics of adakite related with A-type granite, and is derived from the partial melting of a new thickened lower crust. The coexistence of the potassic and adakitic rocks enriches the research of the Miocene volcanic rocks, and provides new evidence for the Miocene lithospheric detachment model in the Tibetan Plateau.
- Tibetan Plateau /
- eastern Lhasa terrane /
- Miocene /
- potassic rock /
- adakite /
- geochemistry

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图 1 藏南拉萨地块后碰撞岩浆活动分布（a）和米拉山地区地质简图（b）

底图据刘栋（2017）修改；BNS.班公湖－怒江缝合带；SNMZ.狮泉河－纳木错蛇绿混杂岩带；LMF.洛巴堆－米拉山断裂；IYZS.雅鲁藏布江缝合带；STDS.藏南拆离系；MCT.主中央逆冲断裂；MBT.主边界逆冲断裂；1.晚石炭世－早二叠世松多岩组；2.二叠纪洋岛残片；3.早－中侏罗世叶巴组；4.晚侏罗世－早白垩世林布宗组；5.早白垩世楚木龙组；6.早白垩世塔克那组；7.晚白垩世设兴组；8.中新世地层第一旋回；9.中新世地层第二旋回；10.中新世地层第三旋回；11.全新世冲积物；12.早侏罗世花岗闪长岩；13.晚白垩世二长花岗岩；14.中新世花岗斑岩；15.火山机构；16.实测剖面；17.断层、不整合接触；18.采样位置

Fig. 1. The distribution of post-collision magmatism of Lhasa block, southern Tibet (a) and simplified geological map of Milashan area (b)

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图 2 米拉山中新世火山岩野外照片及显微照片（正交偏光）

a.达弄多火山机构残余火山颈；b.流纹岩；c.英安岩；d. “球泡状”黑曜岩；e.流纹岩显微照片；f.英安岩显微照片；Qz.石英；Kfs.正长石

Fig. 2. Field photos and photomicrographs of Miocene volcanic rocks from Milashan area

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图 3 米拉山中新世地层剖面

a.中新世地层第1旋回；b.中新世地层第2旋回；c.中新世地层第3旋回；1.流纹岩；2.黑曜岩；3.岩屑砂岩；4.流纹质晶屑凝灰岩；5.英安质晶屑凝灰岩；6.流纹质含角砾晶屑凝灰岩；7.英安质含角砾晶屑凝灰岩；8.流纹质火山角砾岩；9.英安质火山角砾岩；10.英安质含角砾熔岩；11.流纹质含集块角砾岩；12英安质角砾集块岩；13.流纹质集块岩；14.英安质集块岩；15.全新统冲积物；16.逆断层；17.采样位置；18.剖面首尾标识

Fig. 3. The profile of Miocene strata from Milashan area

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图 4 锆石U-Pb谐和图、加权平均图和阴极发光图

Fig. 4. U-Pb concordia diagrams, weighted average diagrams and CL images of zircons

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图 5 米拉山中新世火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄（²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁸U）与ε_Hf(t)分布

Fig. 5. Plot of ε_Hf(t) vs U-Pb ages (²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁸U) of zircons from Miocene volcanic rocks in Milashan area

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图 6 中新世火山岩主量元素判别图解（a~c）和微量元素Sr/Y-Y图解（d）

a. (Na₂O+K₂O)-SiO₂图解，Middlemost（1994）；b. A/NK-A/CNK图解；c. K₂O-SiO₂图解，Peccerillo and Taylor（1976）；d. Sr/Y-Y图解，Defant and Drummond（1990）

Fig. 6. Discriminant diagrams of major elements (a－c) and Sr/Y-Y diagrams (d) of Miocene volcanic rocks

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图 7 中新世火山岩稀土元素配分模式图（a）和微量元素蛛网图（b）

标准化数据引自Sun and McDonough（1989）

Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams (b) of Miocene volcanic rocks

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图 8 SiO₂-主微量元素埃达克质岩判别图解

a. MgO-SiO₂；b. TFeO/MgO-SiO₂；据Wang et al. (2006)

Fig. 8. Distinction diagrams of SiO₂-primary elements of adakite

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图 9 I.M.S.A花岗岩判别图解

a. (K₂O+Na₂O)/CaO-Zr+Nb+Ce+Y；b. Zr-10 000×Ga/Al；据Whalen (1987)

Fig. 9. Distinction diagrams of I.M.S.A granite

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图 10 花岗岩与埃达克质岩构造判别图解

a. Al₂O₃-SiO₂，据Maniar et al. (1989)；b. Th/Ce-Th，据Wang et al. (2006)；c. Rb-Y+Nb，据Pearce et al. (1984)

Fig. 10. Distinction diagrams of granite and adakite tectonic setting

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表 1 米拉山中新世火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果

Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results of Miocene volcanic rocks from Milashan area

编号	U (10^-6)	Th (10^-6)	Th/U	同位素比值				同位素年龄（Ma）
编号	U (10^-6)	Th (10^-6)	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵Pb	±σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸Pb	±σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵Pb	±σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸Pb	±σ
ST1英安质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩
1	634	799	2.28	0.017 3	0.000 4	0.002 7	0.000 1	17.4	0.4	17.3	0.4
2	1 144	330	3.48	0.017 5	0.000 2	0.002 9	0.000 1	17.6	0.2	18.3	0.4
3	1 078	1 858	4.53	0.017 3	0.000 4	0.002 8	0.000 1	17.4	0.4	17.8	0.4
4	455	452	1.65	0.017 5	0.000 6	0.002 8	0.000 1	17.6	0.6	18.1	0.6
5	678	284	2.26	0.016 9	0.000 2	0.003 0	0.000 1	17.0	0.2	19.2	0.4
6	761	605	2.86	0.017 8	0.000 3	0.003 1	0.000 1	17.9	0.3	19.9	0.4
7	534	548	1.95	0.017 5	0.000 9	0.002 8	0.000 1	17.6	0.9	18.0	0.5
8	385	304	1.28	0.017 7	0.000 5	0.002 8	0.000 1	17.8	0.5	17.8	0.6
9	836	941	3.04	0.017 4	0.000 3	0.002 7	0.000 1	17.5	0.3	17.1	0.4
10	460	467	1.67	0.017 6	0.000 5	0.002 7	0.000 1	17.8	0.5	17.6	0.6
11	706	720	2.66	0.017 3	0.000 5	0.002 8	0.000 1	17.4	0.5	17.9	0.5
12	711	936	3.08	0.018 6	0.000 3	0.002 8	0.000 1	18.7	0.2	17.8	0.5
13	460	471	1.65	0.017 8	0.000 5	0.002 8	0.000 1	18.0	0.5	17.9	0.5
14	567	524	3.17	0.018 1	0.000 7	0.003 0	0.000 1	18.2	0.7	19.2	0.6
15	1 357	1 041	4.89	0.017 9	0.000 9	0.002 9	0.000 1	18.0	0.9	18.9	0.4
16	1 021	1 291	3.87	0.017 3	0.000 4	0.002 7	0.000 1	17.4	0.4	17.5	0.4
17	1 685	1 027	6.25	0.018 1	0.001 0	0.003 0	0.000 1	18.3	1.0	19.6	0.4
18	472	414	1.66	0.017 8	0.000 4	0.002 8	0.000 1	18.0	0.4	17.8	0.5
19	239	345	0.95	0.017 0	0.000 8	0.002 7	0.000 1	17.1	0.7	17.2	0.7
20	455	472	1.70	0.017 5	0.000 9	0.002 9	0.000 1	17.6	0.9	18.5	0.5
ST4英安岩
1	691	501	0.73	0.018 6	0.002 2	0.002 9	0.000 1	19.0	2.0	18.7	0.3
2	648	639	0.99	0.017 8	0.002 5	0.002 8	0.000 1	18.0	3.0	18.0	0.3
3	588	451	0.77	0.017 1	0.002 7	0.002 7	0.000 1	17.0	3.0	17.3	0.3
4	261	181	0.69	0.018 8	0.006 3	0.002 9	0.000 1	19.0	6.0	18.4	0.4
5	401	490	1.22	0.018 0	0.003 6	0.002 8	0.000 1	18.0	4.0	18.1	0.3
6	495	368	0.74	0.016 9	0.003 1	0.002 6	0.000 1	17.0	3.0	17.0	0.3
7	877	682	0.78	0.016 7	0.001 7	0.002 6	0.000 0	17.0	2.0	16.9	0.3
8	511	321	0.63	0.017 2	0.003 1	0.002 7	0.000 1	17.0	3.0	17.3	0.3
9	509	477	0.94	0.019 0	0.003 2	0.002 9	0.000 1	19.0	3.0	18.7	0.3
10	838	588	0.70	0.018 1	0.001 8	0.002 8	0.000 0	18.0	2.0	18.2	0.3
11	983	821	0.84	0.017 3	0.001 7	0.002 7	0.000 0	17.0	2.0	17.4	0.3
12	450	286	0.64	0.020 0	0.004 7	0.002 8	0.000 1	20.0	5.0	18.2	0.4
13	570	403	0.71	0.017 2	0.002 5	0.002 7	0.000 1	17.0	2.0	17.3	0.3
14	560	550	0.98	0.018 5	0.002 8	0.002 9	0.000 1	19.0	3.0	18.5	0.3
15	133	73	0.55	0.067 3	0.010 1	0.010 3	0.000 2	66.0	10.0	66.0	1.0
ST23流纹岩
1	352	472	1.34	0.019 3	0.003 0	0.002 8	0.000 1	19.0	3.0	18.0	0.3
2	357	402	1.13	0.017 9	0.002 1	0.002 8	0.000 0	18.0	2.0	17.9	0.3
3	501	686	1.37	0.018 3	0.001 6	0.002 9	0.000 0	18.0	2.0	18.4	0.2
4	657	772	1.17	0.018 2	0.001 5	0.002 8	0.000 0	18.0	1.0	18.0	0.3
5	311	341	1.10	0.017 5	0.000 7	0.002 8	0.000 0	17.6	0.7	17.7	0.2
6	1 251	3 671	2.93	0.017 9	0.000 9	0.002 8	0.000 0	18.1	0.9	18.0	0.2
7	276	346	1.25	0.018 0	0.002 8	0.002 7	0.000 0	18.0	3.0	17.4	0.3
8	336	508	1.51	0.018 1	0.002 2	0.002 8	0.000 0	18.0	2.0	18.2	0.3
9	550	796	1.45	0.017 0	0.001 5	0.002 7	0.000 0	17.0	2.0	17.1	0.3
10	320	388	1.21	0.017 6	0.002 4	0.002 8	0.000 1	18.0	2.0	17.8	0.3
11	1 753	1 638	0.93	0.017 4	0.000 7	0.002 7	0.000 0	17.5	0.7	17.5	0.2
12	308	376	1.22	0.018 6	0.002 6	0.002 9	0.000 1	19.0	3.0	18.7	0.3
ST24流纹质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩
1	950	614	0.65	0.017 8	0.001 2	0.002 7	0.000 0	18.0	1.0	17.2	0.2
2	122	73	0.60	0.066 0	0.008 0	0.009 7	0.000 2	65.0	8.0	62.0	1.0
3	202	127	0.63	0.062 8	0.005 0	0.009 6	0.000 1	62.0	5.0	61.7	0.8
4	1 198	904	0.75	0.017 0	0.000 7	0.002 7	0.000 0	17.1	0.7	17.1	0.2
5	539	522	0.97	0.017 5	0.001 8	0.002 7	0.000 0	18.0	2.0	17.6	0.3
6	1 732	4 544	2.62	0.016 9	0.000 7	0.002 7	0.000 0	17.0	0.7	17.1	0.2
7	195	146	0.75	0.063 1	0.004 9	0.009 7	0.000 1	62.0	5.0	62.1	0.8
8	629	683	1.09	0.017 1	0.002 0	0.002 7	0.000 0	17.0	2.0	17.2	0.3
9	722	1 469	2.03	0.017 2	0.001 4	0.002 7	0.000 0	17.0	1.0	17.4	0.3
10	1 375	974	0.71	0.017 1	0.000 7	0.002 7	0.000 0	17.2	0.7	17.2	0.2
11	1 331	259	0.19	0.667 2	0.008 5	0.082 1	0.000 8	519.0	5.0	509.0	5.0
12	551	337	0.61	0.017 0	0.001 6	0.002 7	0.000 0	17.0	2.0	17.1	0.3
13	1 150	763	0.66	0.017 0	0.000 9	0.002 7	0.000 0	17.1	0.9	17.1	0.2
14	965	865	0.90	0.017 5	0.001 1	0.002 7	0.000 0	18.0	1.0	17.1	0.2
15	881	834	0.95	0.017 0	0.001 0	0.002 7	0.000 0	17.0	1.0	17.1	0.2

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表 2 米拉山中新世火山岩Hf同位素测试结果

Table 2. Analytical results of Hf isotope of Miocene volcanic rocks from Milashan area

编号	年龄（Ma）	¹⁷⁶Yb/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf	±σ	ε_Hf(0)	ε_Hf(t)	±σ	T_DM（Ma）	T_DM^C（Ma）	f_Lu/Hf
ST4英安岩
3	17.0	0.038 935	0.001 741	0.282 767	0.000 018	-0.2	0.2	0.6	701	1 086	-0.95
6	17.0	0.038 912	0.001 737	0.282 718	0.000 019	-1.9	-1.6	0.7	773	1 198	-0.95
7	17.0	0.037 254	0.001 654	0.282 802	0.000 019	1.1	1.4	0.7	649	1 007	-0.95
8	17.0	0.035 398	0.001 584	0.282 770	0.000 021	-0.1	0.3	0.7	694	1 079	-0.95
11	17.0	0.046 933	0.002 039	0.282 707	0.000 021	-2.3	-1.9	0.8	794	1 221	-0.94
ST23流纹岩
1	19.0	0.025 391	0.001 125	0.282 391	0.000 018	-13.5	-13.1	0.6	1 222	1 929	-0.97
3	18.0	0.026 909	0.001 148	0.282 413	0.000 019	-12.7	-12.3	0.7	1 192	1 882	-0.97
4	18.0	0.025 146	0.001 152	0.282 434	0.000 019	-11.9	-11.6	0.7	1 161	1 833	-0.97
5	17.6	0.024 063	0.001 088	0.282 396	0.000 021	-13.3	-12.9	0.7	1 214	1 920	-0.97
7	18.0	0.020 022	0.000 798	0.282 180	0.000 017	-20.9	-20.5	0.6	1 504	2 399	-0.98

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表 3 米拉山中新世火山岩主量元素（%）和微量元素（10^-6）分析结果

Table 3. Analytical results of major (%) and trace elements (10^-6) of Miocene volcanic rocks from Milashan area

岩性	ST23流纹岩			ST4英安岩
编号	ST23H1	ST23H2	ST23H3	ST4H1	ST4H2	ST4H3
SiO₂	76.28	76.96	76.53	66.89	66.01	69.21
TiO₂	0.14	0.13	0.14	0.43	0.47	0.39
Al₂O₃	13.44	12.99	12.70	15.34	15.66	14.56
TFe₂O₃	0.15	0.36	0.12	3.48	3.73	3.12
MnO	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.07	0.08	0.06
MgO	0.16	0.18	0.14	1.45	1.64	1.24
CaO	0.07	0.05	0.11	3.07	2.94	2.80
Na₂O	0.13	1.27	0.52	4.04	4.36	3.84
K₂O	6.97	5.35	7.47	3.44	3.27	3.34
P₂O₅	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.17	0.20	0.15
LOI	1.57	1.70	1.13	0.90	0.96	0.47
Mg^#	70.22	53.62	73.34	49.17	50.63	48.21
K₂O/Na₂O	52.89	4.22	14.36	0.85	0.75	0.87
Sc	2.27	1.95	2.90	6.52	6.49	5.77
Cr	3.22	3.15	1.23	28.66	18.42	18.63
Ni	1.61	1.78	0.07	20.84	14.79	13.85
Ga	18.51	16.60	15.56	21.68	21.00	19.99
Rb	319	234	341	134	125	133
Sr	58.68	91.06	78.28	820	814	795
Y	15.18	9.42	11.51	10.19	10.52	9.82
Zr	137	126	130	135	154	145
Nb	10.86	10.38	10.67	9.22	8.87	8.91
Ba	1271	955	1576	1059	995	1078
La	57.60	30.26	56.92	38.96	39.24	37.54
Ce	119	59.08	107.60	74.88	75.10	71.74
Pr	13.81	6.11	11.67	8.17	8.39	7.80
Nd	49.86	19.91	38.88	28.44	29.48	27.16
Sm	8.67	3.13	5.97	4.61	4.79	4.35
Eu	1.37	0.51	0.99	1.17	1.20	1.11
Gd	5.97	2.26	3.96	3.21	3.38	3.03
Tb	0.72	0.30	0.48	0.39	0.41	0.37
Dy	3.56	1.65	2.45	1.99	2.05	1.92
Ho	0.61	0.32	0.43	0.36	0.37	0.36
Er	1.65	0.99	1.21	1.02	1.04	1.00
Tm	0.23	0.15	0.17	0.14	0.15	0.14
Yb	1.51	1.06	1.14	0.95	0.96	0.94
Lu	0.21	0.17	0.16	0.14	0.14	0.14
Hf	3.36	3.09	3.21	3.24	3.55	3.45
Ta	0.73	0.67	0.66	0.60	0.54	0.60
Pb	70.76	24.72	28.00	35.88	31.20	34.34
Th	25.98	15.28	25.20	21.32	20.70	22.88
U	4.79	4.10	4.60	4.63	4.23	4.76
Eu^*	0.58	0.58	0.62	0.93	0.92	0.94
Sr/Y	3.87	9.67	6.80	80.58	77.36	81.01
Zr/Hf	40.8	40.7	40.5	41.7	43.3	42.0
Nb/Ta	14.9	15.5	16.1	15.3	16.5	14.9
Th/Ce	0.22	0.26	0.23	0.28	0.28	0.32
La_N/Yb_N	27.3	20.5	35.8	29.4	29.3	28.7
T_Zr（℃）	819	809	800	755	765	765
注：Eu^*=Eu/SQRT(Sm×Gd)；Mg^#=(MgO/40.31)/(MgO/40.31+TFe₂O₃×0.899 8×0.85/71.85)×100；锆石饱和温度(T_Zr)计算方法据Watson and Harrison (1983).

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