Hydrochemistry Characteristics and Its Control Factors in Sedimentary Metamorphic Iron Deposit under Conditions of Mining: A Case Study of Southern Sijiaying Iron Mine Area
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摘要: 为了解沉积变质型铁矿床开采后矿区地下水化学特征的变化趋势，在充分掌握矿区含水系统划分和流动系统发育规律的基础上，通过对四含上、四含下、基岩含水层148个水样常规离子的相关性、水化学类型及公因子的分析，得出水化学类型分区和公因子得分等值线，将二者叠加，分析各含水层潜在的形成作用及其控制因素.研究结果表明，四含上以碳酸盐溶滤、污染、氧化作用为主；四含下以污染、溶滤、局部脱硫酸作用为主；基岩含水层以离子交换吸附、第四系水的混合、硅酸盐矿物的不全等溶解作用为主.除了背景因素外，矿山开采后的三维流场控制了基岩含水层的形成作用和原生水化学类型，影响了第四系含水层的局部形成作用，水化学类型分区界线明显移动.Abstract: In order to understand the hydrochemistry characterization variation tendency of the aquifer after the sedimentary metamorphic iron deposit mined, on the basis of the division of aquifer system and development law of the flow system in the mining area, through the analysis of relevance of conventional ions, hydrochemistry types and common factors on 148 groundwater samples collected from the Upper Quaternary aquifer, the Lower Quaternary aquifer and the bedrock aquifer, the hydrochemical type distribution and the isolines of common factors scores were obtained, then they were overlaid to analyze potential formation and controlling factors of the aquifers. The results show that Upper Quaternary aquifer is characterized by the carbonate dissolution, pollution and oxidation; the Lower Quaternary aquifer is characterized by the pollution, the carbonate dissolution and the local sulfate reduction; the bedrock aquifer is characterized by ion exchange adsorption, the mixing effect of the Quaternary aquifer and incongruent dissolution of silicate. In addition to background factors, three-dimensional flow field has controlled the formation and original hydrochemical types of the bedrock aquifers, and has affected the local formation of the Quaternary aquifer to make hydrochemical type boundary move significantly.
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图 1 司家营铁矿南区水文地质及采样点分布
Fig. 1. Hydrogeological properties and distribution of sampling points in southern area of Sijiaying iron mine
图 2 第四系AA’(a)和基岩BB’(b)水文地质剖面
Fig. 2. Hydrogeological profiles of Quaternary AA' (a) and bedrock BB' (b)
图 3 2017年四含下等水头线(a)和基岩含水层等水头线(b)
Fig. 3. Groundwater contour of the Lower Quaternary aquifer (a) and the bedrock aquifer (b) in 2017
图 4 突水时基岩观测孔与上覆第四系观测孔水位埋深对比
孔位见图 3
Fig. 4. Comparison of groundwater depth between bedrock observation well and Quaternary observation well
图 5 TDS与Cl－的关系图(a)；γ(Ca2++Mg2+)与γ(HCO3－+CO32－)的关系图(b)；γ(Ca2++Mg2+-SO42―-HCO3－)与γ(Na+-Cl－)的关系(c)
Fig. 5. Correlation of TDS and Cl－(a), γ(Ca2++Mg2+) and γ(HCO3－+O32－)(b), γ(Ca2++Mg2+-SO42－-HCO3－) and γ(Na+-Cl－)(c)
图 7 四含上公因子F1（a）、F2（b）得分等值线及水化学类型分区
Fig. 7. Isolines of scores of F1 (a), F2 (b) and hydrochemical type distribution in the Upper Quaternary aquifer
图 8 四含下公因子F1（a）、F2（b）得分等值线及水化学类型分区
Fig. 8. Isolines of scores of F1 (a), F2 (b) and hydrochemical type distribution in the Lower Quaternary aquifer
图 9 基岩含水层公因子F1（a）、F2（b）得分等值线及水化学类型分区
Fig. 9. Isolines of scores of F1 (a), F2 (b) and hydrochemical type distribution in the bedrock aquifer
图 10 四含上(a)和四含下(b)的变量在公因子上载荷分布
Fig. 10. Loading distribution of variables in F1-F2 of the Lower Quaternary aquifer (a) and Upper Quaternary aquifer (b)
图 11 基岩水的变量在公因子上载荷分布
Fig. 11. Loading distribution of variables in F1-F2 of the bedrock aquifer
表 1 司家营矿区各含水层水化学指标统计
Table 1. Statistical results of hydrochemical indexes for groundwater samples in Sijiaying iron mine
水化学指标 四含上 四含下 基岩水 均值 标准差 变异系数 均值 标准差 变异系数 均值 标准差 变异系数 pH 7.08 0.24 0.03 7.99 0.22 0.03 8.30 0.36 0.04 TDS(mg·L-1) 725.35 235.13 0.32 356.07 130.49 0.37 472.43 118.96 0.25 K+(mg·L-1) 3.70 2.56 0.69 1.28 0.99 0.77 2.73 1.12 0.41 Na+(mg·L-1) 34.66 10.82 0.31 19.44 10.44 0.54 119.24 44.91 0.38 Ca2+(mg·L-1) 123.70 36.90 0.30 67.09 27.26 0.41 19.52 8.35 0.43 Mg2+(mg·L-1) 37.62 13.73 0.36 19.23 8.87 0.46 8.30 4.56 0.55 Cl-(mg·L-1) 61.12 27.10 0.44 27.79 31.05 1. 12 68.30 38.41 0.56 SO42-(mg·L-1) 122.85 36.87 0.30 37.35 32.24 0.86 58.11 26.20 0.45 HCO3-(mg·L-1) 296.33 83.23 0.28 232.20 63.52 0.27 212.75 35.40 0.17 F-(mg·L-1) 0.29 0.11 0.38 0.39 0.13 0.33 4.48 2.51 0.56 注：样品均在河北省矿业开发与安全技术实验室测试，每个含水层各选一个平行样，送国土部地下水检测中心测试，并测试了碳、氧、氢同位素. 
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