Microbial Community Structure and Function and Their Influencing Factors in the Soil of Horqin Area of Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia
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摘要: 农业作为通辽科尔沁地区的传统产业，是当地重要经济产业之一.了解土壤微生物群落结构和功能及其影响因素对农作物种植、污染土地修复等具有重要意义.采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术、FAPROTAX.1.1功能预测平台等方法，在该区采集71个土壤样品，分析其地球化学特征和微生物群落特征并对微生物群落进行功能预测，同时探讨不同环境因子和空间因子对微生物群落的影响.结果显示：微生物群落由变形菌门（Proteobacteria）（19.77%）、奇古菌门（Thaumarchaeota）（17.85%）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）（17.14%）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）（15.58%）等构成；功能预测表明该区存在大量活跃的参与氮循环过程的微生物功能群，其中有氧氨氧化功能群为该区的优势微生物功能群.方差分解分析显示，在对微生物群落结构差异的可解释范围内环境因子比空间因子的解释量更大.Mantel检验结果显示，整体微生物群落与土壤pH、EC、TN、C/N及Mg、Na、Sr元素含量显著相关（p < 0.05）.综合分析表明，pH、EC和Sr元素含量是影响通辽科尔沁地区土壤微生物群落结构和功能及多样性的主要环境因素.Abstract: As a traditional industry in the Horqin area of Tongliao City,agriculture plays a pivotal role in the development of economy. Understanding the structure and function of soil microbial communities and their influencing factors is of great significance for crop planting and remediation of contaminated land. In this study,microbial community and function composition were investigated in a total of 71 soil samples collected from the Horqin area of Tongliao City with an integrated approach including 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology and FAPROTAX.1.1 functional prediction platform,followed by statistical analysis with the use of R software package. The results show that the microbial communities in the studied soils were mainly composed of Proteobacteria (19.77%),Thaumarchaeota (17.85%),Acidobacteria (17.14%),Actinobacteria (15.58%). The functional prediction indicates that a large portion of the microbial communities in the studied soils were involved in nitrogen cycling,among which aerobic ammonia oxidation function predominated. Variation partition analysis (VPA) indicates that environmental factors accounted much more for the shaping of microbial community structure in interpretable range than spatial factors. Mantel test shows that the microbial communities in the studied soils were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with soil pH,electrical conductivity (EC),total nitrogen (TN),ratio of carbon to nitrogen,and concentration of Mg,Na and Sr elements. It is concluded that pH,EC and Sr element concentrations were important environmental factors affecting the microbial community composition,function and diversity in the soils of the Horqin area of Tongliao City.
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Key words:
- soil /
- microbial community /
- population composition /
- function /
- environmental response /
- ecology
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图 1 土壤主要微生物功能群落的相对丰度分布
相对丰度（%）=有氧氨氧化(硝化作用/硝酸盐还原/化能异养)的OTU数目/参与功能预测的总OTUs数目
Fig. 1. Relative abundance of the predicted major microbial functional groups in the studied soil microbial communities
图 3 研究区土壤主要微生物群落(门级别)与环境因子的相关性
Fig. 3. Pearson correlations between the dominant phyla and measured environmental variables of the studied soils
图 4 研究区土壤主要微生物群落(纲级别)与环境因子的相关性
Fig. 4. Pearson correlations between the dominant class and measured environmental variables of the studied soils
图 5 功能微生物群落和环境因子的相关性分析
Fig. 5. Pearson correlations between functional microbial community and measured environmental variables
图 6 环境因子和空间因子与整体微生物群落的典范对应分析（a）和方差分解分析（b）
环境因子包括pH、EC、TN、Na和Sr，空间因子包括PCNM1和PCNM19
Fig. 6. CCA(a) and VPA(b)between environmental variables and geographic distance and the shaping of microbial community
图 7 环境因子和空间因子对微生物功能群落结构影响的方差分解分析
环境因子包括pH、EC、TN、Na和Sr，空间因子包括PCNM1和PCNM19.a.有氧氨氧化；b.硝化作用；c.硝酸盐还原；d.化能异养
Fig. 7. VPA of contribution of environmental variables and geographic distance to the shaping of predicted microbial functions
表 1 采样区71个土壤样品理化指标
Table 1. Geochemical parameters of 71 soil samples in the Tongliao area
参数 最小值 最大值 平均值 pH 6.61 9.91 7.76 EC (μS/cm) 18.63 1083 145.48 C/N 13.07 165.83 41.11 C/H 2.1 6.39 3.68 TN (%) 0.01 0.13 0.06 TC (%) 0.62 6.03 2.42 TS (%) 0.02 0.27 0.05 TH (%) 0.25 1.38 0.64 TOC (%) 0.21 2.82 0.86 Ca (mg/g) 9.7 55.1 23.8 Fe (mg/g) 13.4 35.1 20 K (mg/g) 18.4 25.6 23 Mg (mg/g) 3.5 12.1 6.5 Na (mg/g) 11 23.6 16.8 P (μg/g) 200 1 740.00 476.34 Zn (μg/g) 30 117 48.48 Mn (μg/g) 362 807 486.69 Cu (μg/g) 6.4 28.1 13.42 Ge (μg/g) 0.02 0.82 0.37 Ni (μg/g) 9.2 35.8 18.06 Pb (μg/g) 15.3 24.1 18.22 Se (μg/g) 0.06 0.23 0.1 Sr (μg/g) 208 369 260.42 As (μg/g) 3 16.7 7.76 Cd (μg/g) 0.03 0.2 0.11 Cr (μg/g) 20 52 32.28 Ga (μg/g) 11.6 20.2 14.31 
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