湖北泉水河流域水化学特征和硝酸盐来源示踪

李严; 曹明达; 靳孟贵; 张结; 黄鑫

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.060

湖北泉水河流域水化学特征和硝酸盐来源示踪

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.060

李严^1,2, ,,
曹明达^1,2,
靳孟贵^1,2, , ,,
张结^1,2,
黄鑫^1,2

1.
中国地质大学盆地水文过程与湿地生态恢复学术创新基地, 湖北武汉 430074
2.
中国地质大学环境学院, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 Nos.41672246

国家自然科学基金面上项目 41877192

详细信息

作者简介:
李严(1996-), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要从事水环境方面的研究

通讯作者:
靳孟贵

中图分类号: P641.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-02-13
- 刊出日期: 2020-03-15

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Tracing of Nitrate Sources in Quanshui River Catchment, Hubei Province

Li Yan^{1,2
,
,},
Cao Mingda^1,2,
Jin Menggui^{1,2
, ,
,},
Zhang Jie^1,2,
Huang Xin^1,2

1.
Laboratory of Basin Hydrology and Wetland Eco-Restoration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 目前针对喀斯特山区及平原过渡带天然河流硝酸盐的来源识别与追踪的研究鲜有报道，也较少考虑湿润气候区反季节性干旱气候特征对硝酸盐迁移规律的影响.以汉江二级支流泉水河流域为例，分析了从源头喀斯特地区、中间过渡区、平原区地表水和地下水硝酸盐含量及组成的空间变化，采用氮氧同位素识别地表水和地下水硝酸盐来源，利用SIAR模型定量计算各污染源的贡献率.结果表明：土壤有机氮、污水粪便、化肥和大气沉降对地下水硝酸盐来源贡献占比分别为31.4%、20.0%、29.6%和19.0%，对地表水硝酸盐来源的比例分别为32.0%、30.0%、25.0%和13.0%，污水粪便对地表水硝酸盐贡献比例较地下水增高；坝上水样因水体较大，自净能力较强，受污水粪便的影响很小（仅为9.0%），坝上水样硝酸盐土壤有机氮、大气沉降和化肥的贡献占比分别为43.0%、11.0%和37.0%.枯水期河水主要由地下水缓慢补给，无地表径流汇入，土壤有机氮为河流主要的硝酸盐来源，河流中下游更易受人类活动影响，生活污水和化肥对河流硝酸盐贡献增大.
- 硝酸盐污染 /
- 氮、氧同位素 /
- 来源识别 /
- SIAR模型 /
- 泉水河 /
- 水文地质
Abstract: There are few studies on the source identification of nitrate in the natural rivers in karst area, and even fewer on the influence of the anti-seasonal arid climate on the nitrate transportation. In this paper, δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O isotopic tracing method is used to analyze the source of nitrate in surface water and groundwater of Quanshui River, a branch of Hangjiang River and to determine the biological and chemical transformation process of nitrate. The contribution rate of each pollution terminal element was determined quantitatively by using the model of Stable Isotope Analysis in R (SIAR). The results show that soil organic nitrogen, sewage manure, fertilizer and atmospheric subsidence contributed 31.4%, 20.0%, 29.6% and 19.0% respectively to the nitrate source of groundwater, and the proportion of nitrate source to surface water was 32.0%, 30.0%, 25.0% and 13.0%. The contribution of sewage manure to surface water nitrate is significantly higher than that of groundwater. Due to the large water body, the water in the reservoir has strong self-purification ability and is almost unaffected by sewage manure (only 9.0%).The contribution of soil organic nitrogen, atmospheric subsidence and fertilizer in the nitrate soil of the reservoir was 43.0%, 11.0% and 37.0%, respectively. In dry season, groundwater is mainly recharged slowly by groundwater. Because groundwater is affected by soil in vadose zone, soil organic nitrogen is the main source of nitrate in the river. The downstream of the river is more susceptible to human activities, and the contribution of domestic sewage and chemical fertilizer to nitrate in rivers increases.
- nitrate pollution /
- nitrogen and oxygen isotopes /
- source identification /
- SIAR model /
- Quanshui River /
- hydrogeology

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图 1 研究区地质背景及采样点分布

Q.第四系; E.古近系; K.白垩系; ∈.寒武系; Z.震旦系

Fig. 1. Geological background and the distribution of sampling points in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 泉水河流域地表水和地下水Gibbs图

Fig. 2. Gibbs figures of the surface water and groundwater samples in the Quanshui River catchment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 泉水河流域地表水和地下水piper三线图

SW代表河水，GW代表地下水，SP为泉水，DAM为坝体上下部河水

Fig. 3. Piper diagram of the surface water and groundwater samples in the Quanshui River catchment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 典型硝酸盐来源氮、氧同位素范围及泉水河流域水体硝酸盐氮、氧同位素特征值分布

SW代表河水，GW代表地下水，DAM为坝体上下部河水

Fig. 4. General NO₃^- source fingerprints in a diagram of δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O, and characteristics of NO₃^- in waters of Quanshui River catchment

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 用SIAR计算的泉水河流域地表水、地下水硝酸盐来源四端元贡献占比图

箱线图由浅到深分别表示25%、50%、75%的比例

Fig. 5. SIAR estimated four potential sources contribution proportion of surface water and groundwater in Quanshui River catchment

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表 1 泉水河流域水体物理和化学指标及硝酸盐氮氧同位素组成

Table 1. Physical and chemical parameters and nitrate nitrogen and oxygen isotope composition of groundwater and surface water in Quanshui River catchment

样点	温度 (℃)	EC (μs/cm)	DO (mg/L)	pH	N-NH ₄ ⁺ (mg/L)	N-NO ₃ ⁻ (mg/L)	N-NO ₂ ⁻ (ug/L)	δ15N-NO ₃ ⁻ (‰)	δ18O-NO 3 ⁻ (‰)	Ca²⁺ (mg/L)	HCO ₃ ⁻ (mg/L)	Mg2+ (mg/L)	Cl⁻ (mg/L)	SO ₄ ²⁻ (mg/L)	K⁺ (mg/L)	Si⁺ (mg/L)	Na (mg/L)
SW1	25.7	496	3.84	7.79	0.410	0.10	7	-5.18	20.16	86	280.6	21.77	6.96	48.10	2.45	4.08	3.72
GW1	21.1	993	2.06	7.08	0.410	14.11	19	7.42	15.54	149	469.7	44.52	66.29	60.55	1.54	4.25	6.21
SW2	25.2	750	6.58	7.57	0.376	2.20	9	8.24	4.85	116	420.9	36.74	22.76	60.52	1.24	4.60	4.45
GW2	19.0	779	2.32	7.31	0.239	7.06	26	15.51	-5.76	136	463.6	27.42	11.89	42.42	1.66	5.19	5.34
SW3	25.5	623	4.92	7.58	0.205	2.40	2	-1.64	23.30	96	335.5	29.35	26.86	41.34	1.62	3.97	6.05
GW3	18.8	752	1.74	7.18	0.222	10.33	47	3.42	9.92	126	372.1	30.27	34.65	59.19	1.38	4.60	5.73
SW4	29.8	585	9.39	7.54	0.462	3.20	3	-0.19	13.73	82	274.5	27.17	38.30	37.15	1.35	5.10	8.79
GW4	18.7	574	3.03	6.66	0.313	9.76	6	-5.49	22.61	98	262.3	20.77	31.17	51.33	0.90	10.36	10.59
SP	21.9	572	3.41	7.83	0.125	1.34	2	7.07	1.87	96	378.2	25.45	9.08	21.51	1.29	5.64	6.29
DAM1a	29.7	811	8.15	7.91	0.313	0.46	7	3.18	15.91	100	384.3	31.81	15.81	40.84	1.00	3.66	3.16
DAM1b	27.4	619	9.07	7.98	0.085	0.88	7	-0.24	8.90	96	347.7	31.60	14.25	44.38	1.08	3.81	3.41
DAM2a	26.7	662	8.95	7.85	0.085	2.03	22	4.42	2.77	112	372.1	32.76	20.62	42.65	1.54	3.99	4.48
DAM2b	27.1	811	8.38	7.81	0.382	1.72	15	-0.37	9.98	120	384.3	32.42	21.23	46.00	1.66	4.16	4.27
DAM3a	28.5	862	6.82	7.74	0.114	0.00	2	-1.13	26.56	106	353.8	29.79	23.47	50.24	1.48	5.13	5.23
DAM3b	26.8	764	7.88	7.78	0.245	0.29	6	2.27	10.31	99	341.6	27.66	18.70	40.52	1.49	5.26	4.81
DAM4a	27.8	747	7.72	7.97	0.194	0.21	9	1.76	17.48	98	341.6	26.98	23.97	42.40	1.68	4.54	4.98
DAM4b	26.1	589	7.93	7.73	0.228	0.50	7	3.08	20.15	88	323.3	26.22	23.95	41.80	1.57	4.61	5.27

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 泉水河源头至下游地表水和地下水硝态氮、氨氮浓度变化

Table 2. Changes in nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen concentration of surface water and groundwater from the source to the downstream of the Quanshui River catchment

样点	N-NO₃^- （mg/L）	N-NH₄⁺ （mg/L）	N-NO₂^- (ug/L)
SW1	0.10	0.410	7
SW2	2.20	0.376	9
SW3	2.40	0.205	2
SW4	3.20	0.462	3
SP	1.34	0.125	2
GW1	14.11	0.410	19
GW2	7.06	0.239	26
GW3	10.33	0.222	47
GW4	9.76	0.313	6
DAM1a	0.46	0.313	7
DAM1b	0.88	0.085	7
DAM2a	2.03	0.085	22
DAM2b	1.72	0.382	15
DAM3a	0.00	0.114	2
DAM3b	0.29	0.245	6
DAM4a	0.21	0.194	9
DAM4b	0.50	0.228	7

下载: 导出CSV

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