Petrogenesis of Paleocene Granite Porphyry of Daruo Area in Western Lhasa Block, Tibet: Constraints from Geochemistry, Zircon U-Pb Chronology and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf Isotopes
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摘要: 前人对林子宗群典中组火山岩的成因研究较为深入，却忽略了侵位于其中的大量花岗斑岩.在野外地质调查的基础上，对拉萨地体西段达若地区花岗斑岩进行了年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素研究.结果显示，2件花岗斑岩的成岩年龄分别为61.9±0.3 Ma(MSWD=0.17)和61.1±0.6 Ma(MSWD=0.69)，为古新世岩浆活动的产物；岩石中未见角闪石及富铝矿物，属高钾钙碱性－钾玄岩系列，具有高SiO2(76.16%~82.78%，平均为78.28%)、高碱(K2O+Na2O=4.16%~6.93%，平均为6.09%)、低CaO(0.11%~0.16%，平均为0.14%)和P2O5(0.02%~0.04%，平均为0.03%)的特点，富集Rb、Th、K和LREE，亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti和HREE，轻、重稀土元素分馏强烈，负Eu异常显著，属强过铝质的高分异I型花岗岩.岩石富含放射成因Pb，(208Pb/204Pb)t、(207Pb/204Pb)t和(206Pb/204Pb)t值分别为为38.737~38.944、15.661~15.682和18.079~18.624，且具有较高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.722 739~0.744 497)、εNd(t)值(－6.82~－6.67)，锆石εHf(t)值(－4.97~－1.54)为较为分散而低弱的负值，Hf同位素二阶段亏损地幔模式年龄(TDM2)介于1 083~1 273 Ma，Nd-Hf同位素之间发生了一定程度的解耦.综合研究表明，达若花岗斑岩形成于印度－欧亚大陆主碰撞板块汇聚(65~41 Ma)的早阶段，主要为滞后的俯冲新特提斯洋壳与地幔岩石相互作用形成的母岩浆底侵于拉萨地体古老地壳之下致使其重熔，并与少部分幔源岩浆混合之后，经高程度的结晶分异作用形成.Abstract: The genesis of volcanic rocks in Dianzhong Formation of Linzizong Group has been deeply studied, but a large number of granitic porphyry emplaced has been neglected. Based on the field geological survey, the chronology, petrogeochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes of granitic porphyry of Daruo area in the western Lhasa block were studied. The results show that the diagenetic ages of the two granitic porphyry samples are 61.9±0.3 Ma (MSWD=0.17) and 61.1±0.6 Ma (MSWD=0.69), respectively, indicating that they are products of Paleocene magmatic activities. Hornblende and aluminum-rich minerals are not found in the rocks, indicating they belong to the series of high potassium calc-potassium basaltic rocks, which are characterized by high SiO2 (76.16%-82.78%, average 78.28%), high alkali (K2O+Na2O=4.16%-6.93%, average 6.09%), low CaO(0.11%-0.16%, average 0.14%) and P2O5(0.02%-0.04%, average 0.03%). It is enriched in Rb, Th, K and LREE, and depleted in Ba, Nb, Sr, P, Ti and HREE. LREE and HREE have strong fractionation, and the negative Eu is very significant. These characteristics indicate that it belongs to weakly peraluminous and highly fractionated I-type granites. Daruo granite porphyry is rich in radiogenetic Pb, and the values of (208Pb/204Pb)t, (207Pb/204Pb)t and (206Pb/204Pb)t are 38.737-38.944, 15.661-15.682 and 18.079-18.624, respectively. Meanwhile, the granite porphyry has high (87Sr/86Sr)i value (0.722 739-0.744 497) and εNd(t) values (-6.82—-6.67), the εHf(t) values of zircon are only weakly and diffusely negative, and TDM2 is between 1 083 and 1 273 Ma, which means that there is a certain degree of decoupling between Nd-Hf isotopes. According to the comprehensive study, Daruo granite porphyry was formed in the early stage of the main collision convergence of the India-Eurasia plate (65-41 Ma), and the parent magma, formed by the interaction of the hysteretic subduction Neo-Tethys oceanic crust and mantle rocks, underplated beneath the ancient crust of Lhasa block, causing it to remelt and mix with a small part of mantle magma, then the granite porphyry was generated after a high degree of crystallization differentiation.
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Key words:
- Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope /
- geochemistry /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- petrogenesis /
- granite porphyry /
- Dianzhong Formation /
- Lhasa block
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图 1 拉萨地体构造单元划分简图
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of structural unit division in Gangdese belt Liu et al. (2018)
图 3 达若花岗斑岩宏观及微观特征
γπ.花岗斑岩；Py.黄铁矿；Lm.褐铁矿；Otz.石英；Kfs.钾长石；Pl.斜长石；Ser.绢云母
Fig. 3. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Daruo granite porphyry
图 6 达若花岗斑岩Na2O+K2O-SiO2图解(a)、K2O-SiO2图解(b)及A/NK-A/CNK图解(c)
图a据Middlemost (1994)；图b据Peccerillo and Taylor (1976)；图c据Maniar and Piccoli (1989)
Fig. 6. Na2O+K2O-SiO2 (a), K2O-SiO2 (b) and A/NK-A/CNK diagram (c) of Daruo granite prophyry
图 7 达若花岗斑岩微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(a)和稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(b)
微量元素标准化值和地壳数据值据Sun and McDonough (1989)；稀土元素标准化值据McDonough and Sun (1995)
Fig. 7. Primitive mantle-normalized multi-element diagrams (a) and chondrite-normalised REE patterns (b) of Daruo granite porphyry
图 5 达若花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果
Fig. 5. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating concordia diagrams of Daruo granite prophyry
图 8 花岗斑岩成因类型判别相关图解
图a底图据Whalen et al. (1987)；图c、d底图据Chappell and White (1992)、Chappell (1999)
Fig. 8. Diagrammatic analysis of genetic types of granitic porphyry
图 9 达若花岗斑岩Sr-Nd同位素组成
底图据Zhu et al.(2001)；雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩引自Hou et al. (2004)；幔源玄武岩引自Lee et al. (2012)；古拉萨地体引自Zhu et al. (2011)；措麦－隆格尔典中组酸性火山岩岳相元(2012)
Fig. 9. Sr-Nd isotope composition of Daruo granite porphyry
图 10 达若花岗斑岩Pb同位素组成
图a底图据朱炳泉和常向阳(2001)；图b、c、d底图据Zartman and Doe (1981)；1.地幔源铅；2.上地壳铅；3.上地壳与地幔混合的俯冲带铅(3a.岩浆作用；3b.沉积作用)；4.化学沉积型铅；5.海底热水作用铅；6.中深变质作用铅；7.深变质下地壳铅；8.造山带铅；9.古老页岩上地壳铅；10.退变质铅；A.地幔；B.造山带；C.上地壳；D.下地壳；OIV.洋岛火山岩；雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩引自Li et al. (2014)；古拉萨地体引自Zhang et al. (2010)；措麦－隆格尔典中组酸性火山岩岳相元(2012)
Fig. 10. Pb isotope composition of Daruo granite porphyry
图 11 达若花岗斑岩Hf同位素组成
底图据吴福元等(2007)；南拉萨地体成矿岩体数据引自Chu et al. (2011)；古拉萨结晶基底数据引自Zhu et al. (2011)
Fig. 11. Hf isotope composition of Daruo granite porphyry
图 12 达若花岗斑岩哈克图解(a~g)与La/Yb-La(h)、La/Sm-La图解(i)
图h底图据王敏等(2018)；图i底图据于玉帅等(2018)
Fig. 12. Harker (a－g), La/Yb-La (h) and La/Sm-La (i) diagram of Daruo granite porphyry
图 13 达若花岗斑岩构造环境判别图解
图a底图据Maniar and Piccoli (1989)；图b底图据Defant and Drummond (1990)；图c、d底图据Pearce et al. (1984)；RRG.与裂谷有关的花岗岩；CEUG.陆内造陆运动隆起的花岗岩；POG.后造山型花岗岩；IAG.岛弧型花岗岩；CAG.大陆弧型花岗岩；CGG.大陆碰撞型花岗岩；sync-COLD.同碰撞型花岗岩；VAG.火山弧花岗岩；WPG.板内花岗岩；ORG.洋脊花岗岩
Fig. 13. Diagrammatic discrimination of tectonic settings of Daruo granite porphyry
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