塔里木盆地盐下地区奥陶系火山碎屑物质特征

侯明才; 江文剑; 邓敏; 蔡鹏程

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2019.001

塔里木盆地盐下地区奥陶系火山碎屑物质特征

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.001

1.
成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室, 四川成都 610059
2.
成都理工大学沉积地质研究院, 四川成都 610059
3.
东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室, 江西南昌 330013
4.
中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心, 四川成都 610081

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 41672102

油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室开放基金 PLC20180302

详细信息

作者简介:
侯明才(1968-), 男, 教授, 博导, 主要从事大地构造沉积学和层序岩相古地理学的教学和科研工作

中图分类号: P59
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-01-07
- 刊出日期: 2019-03-15

Characteristics of Ordovician Volcaniclastic Materials in Yanxia Area of Northern Tarim Basin and Their Geological Significance

1.
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2.
Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
4.
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China

摘要

摘要: 奥陶纪是古亚洲洋演化的关键时期，也是塔里木盆地周缘板块构造环境转换的重要时期.然而，南天山洋向北俯冲-消减的时间一直存在争议.通过对保存在塔里木盆地盐下地区奥陶系鹰山组和良里塔格组的火山碎屑物质的岩石学和地球化学特征研究，结合岩相古地理演化格局，约束了南天山洋向北俯冲削减的时间.研究表明，鹰山组碳酸盐岩中主要发育基性沉凝灰岩薄夹层，良里塔格组火山碎屑物质主要为基性火山岩屑.鹰山组和良里塔格组火山碎屑物质的Th/Yb-Ta/Yb图解指示它们来源于活动大陆边缘弧环境.U/Th-Th图解显示大部分样品落在典型弧火山岩区，且多数位于混有沉积物来源的弧火山岩与典型弧火山岩重叠区域，表明研究区火山物质源区曾受到与俯冲相关流体或熔体的改造.Ba/Th-（La/Sm）_n图解进一步表明火山碎屑物质源区具有上地壳沉积物质起源的熔体混染，且良里塔格组沉积时期，火山碎屑物质源区受沉积物起源熔体混染的程度更深，改造得更加明显和强烈.上述地球化学特征表明，在早奥陶世鹰山组沉积时期南天山洋已经俯冲消减，且在晚奥陶世良里塔格组沉积时期处于强烈俯冲期.
- 塔里木盆地 /
- 盐下地区 /
- 奥陶系 /
- 火山碎屑物质 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The petrologic and geochemical signatures of volcaniclastic material preserved within carbonate platform deposits from boreholes in the Yanxia area of northern Tarim Basin indicate the presence of an active continental margin volcanic arc during the Middle and Late Ordovician.The volcaniclastics within the Middle Ordovician Yingshan Formation occur as thin layers of basic tuffites in which the vitric grains have undergone partial replacement by carbonate and clay.The volcaniclastics within the Upper Ordovician Lianglitage Formation are primarily basic volcanic clasts within oolitic and grainstone shoal deposits.Geochemical ratios, especially those of Th/Yb-Ta/Yb, U/Th-Th and Ba/Th-(La/Sm), fall within the fields for typical volcanic arcs on continental margins and with a variable admixture of fluids that had interacted with pre-volcanic terrestrial sediments.The degree of admixture is greatest in the volcaniclastics within the Lianglitage Formation, which suggests that the inferred subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean crust below the present northern margin of the Tarim plate had begun by Middle Ordovician and had intensified during the Late Ordovician.
- Tarim Basin /
- Yanxia area /
- Ordovician /
- volcaniclastic material /
- geochemistry

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图 1 塔里木盆地构造分区及取样位置

Fig. 1. Tectonic units and sampling location of Tarim Basin

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图 2 塔里木盆地盐下地区奥陶系综合柱状图

据于炳松等(2011)修改

Fig. 2. Integrated stratigraphic column in the study areas during the Ordovician

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图 3 塔里木盆地及邻区早-中奥陶世(a)和晚奥陶世(b)原型盆地

据张光亚等(2015)修改

Fig. 3. Prototype of Tarim Basin and adjacent areas in Early-Middle Ordovician (a) and Late Ordovician (b)

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图 4 盐下地区奥陶系火山碎屑物质岩石学特征

a.碳酸盐化玻屑沉凝灰岩, 单偏光，鹰山组，T914井，6 230.98 m；b.碳酸盐化玻屑沉凝灰岩, 玻屑边缘和内部可见毛发状、丝状的水云母粘土矿物集合体，正交光，鹰山组，T914井，6 230.98 m；c.碳酸盐化玻屑沉凝灰岩经盐酸处理后，残余的水云母粘土矿物，正交光，鹰山组，T914井，6 230.98 m；d.含玄武岩屑亮晶粒屑灰岩，玄武岩屑呈纹层状富集，单偏光，良里塔格组，S108井，5 868.03 m；e.火山岩屑显示玻基斑状结构，正交光，良里塔格组，S108井，5 869 m；f.亮晶鲕粒灰岩，鲕粒同心纹层绿泥石化，单偏光，良里塔格组，S110井，6 084.31 m

Fig. 4. Petrological characteristics of Ordovician volcaniclastic materials in the Yanxia area

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图 5 盐下地区火山碎屑物质CaO与SiO₂含量相关性

Fig. 5. The correlation between CaO and SiO₂ concentrations of volcaniclastic materials in the Yanxia area

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图 6 盐下地区火山碎屑物质Zr/TiO₂×10^-4-Nb/Y图解(a)和Zr-TiO₂图解(b)

Fig. 6. Plots of Zr /TiO₂×10^-4 vs. Nb/Y (a) and Zr vs.TiO₂ (b) of volcaniclastic materials in the Yanxia area

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图 7 盐下地区火山碎屑物质稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)

Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergram (b) of volcaniclastic materials in the Yanxia area

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图 8 盐下地区火山碎屑物质样品Th/Yb-Ta/Yb图解

Fig. 8. Th/Yb vs. Ta/Yb plot of volcaniclastic materials in the Yanxia area

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图 9 塔河南盐下地区玄武质火山碎屑物质样品U/Th-Th图解(a)和Ba/Th-(La/Sm)_n图解(b)

Fig. 9. Plots of U/Th vs.Th (a) and Ba/Th vs. (La/Sm)_n (b) of basaltic volcaniclastic materials in the Yanxia area

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表 1 塔里木盆地奥陶系鹰山组和良里塔格组主量(%)、微量(10^-6)、稀土元素(10^-6)含量及特征比值

Table 1. Major element (%), trace element (10^-6) and rare earth element (10^-6) concentrations and typical values of Yingshan Formation and Lianglitage Formation in the Tarim Basin

取样井号	T914	T914	S110	S110	S110	S110	S110	S108	S108	S108	S108	S108
岩性	A	A	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B
样品号	T1	T2	S1	S3	S4	S5	S6	S9	S10	S7	S8	S11
SiO₂	4.75	10.44	11.32	16.74	18.39	31.15	34.80	15.78	18.16	2.35	2.80	2.08
Al₂O₃	1.80	4.72	1.20	2.07	1.75	3.52	0.91	5.91	6.62	0.57	0.73	0.57
TiO₂	0.06	0.14	0.16	0.33	0.26	0.42	0.07	1.26	1.45	0.05	0.07	0.06
Fe₂O₃	0.39	0.73	1.33	2.46	1.94	2.47	0.81	7.54	4.84	0.52	0.91	0.40
MgO	0.28	0.75	0.30	0.37	0.32	0.45	0.17	3.29	4.02	0.72	0.66	0.91
K₂O	0.63	1.50	0.50	0.79	0.69	1.34	0.27	0.91	0.95	0.14	0.20	0.14
Na₂O	0.05	0.15	0.04	0.11	0.08	0.14	0.03	0.78	1.22	0.04	0.05	0.04
CaO	51.70	45.30	47.40	44.10	43.20	34.30	35.30	37.10	34.10	52.70	52.60	53.20
MnO	0.01	0.01	0.11	0.08	0.07	0.04	0.03	0.09	0.08	0.05	0.05	0.04
P₂O₅	<0.01	0.01	0.05	0.09	0.07	0.10	0.02	0.18	0.25	0.03	0.03	0.02
BaO	0.01	0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.01	0.09	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	<0.01	0.01
Cr₂O₃	<0.01	<0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.09	0.08	0.01	0.01	0.01
SO₃	0.64	1.35	2.09	4.39	3.46	4.10	1.10	7.01	0.49	0.44	1.20	0.21
SrO	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.04
LOI	40.11	35.18	35.77	30.76	31.15	24.35	26.91	25.07	28.39	42.28	41.03	42.64
Li	2.09	4.43	4.69	6.83	7.54	13.54	19.18	41.97	48.28	2.11	2.58	2.59
Be	0.20	0.46	0.21	0.27	0.26	0.59	0.19	0.74	0.68	0.12	0.21	0.14
Sc	2.54	4.01	2.99	6.69	5.10	6.01	3.53	19.81	13.51	1.33	2.53	1.42
V	4.36	7.32	15.97	32.83	25.16	41.72	13.94	155.99	159.54	8.19	11.52	10.22
Cr	1.47	2.09	25.19	61.15	44.78	85.79	14.22	533.57	421.37	7.47	14.25	11.05
Co	1.66	1.72	4.87	7.36	5.49	7.17	5.87	23.34	19.96	2.45	2.93	2.67
Ni	8.09	7.40	18.66	30.92	24.10	25.76	14.71	172.42	152.61	15.03	16.33	17.79
Cu	2.92	1.40	7.72	12.21	7.96	13.27	7.22	12.04	12.69	2.34	3.31	1.33
Zn	6.45	14.19	22.98	39.53	31.20	40.71	29.61	30.64	47.08	12.25	19.73	13.01
Ga	2.07	5.54	2.07	3.49	3.13	5.86	1.72	7.87	9.49	0.95	1.14	0.89
Rb	10.48	25.16	11.19	16.66	14.81	35.72	10.20	19.30	15.35	6.08	8.17	6.31
Sr	197.47	292.44	276.46	307.07	314.19	236.72	263.74	300.65	304.81	399.56	435.23	319.07
Y	8.26	19.38	17.72	27.64	28.17	24.13	20.00	21.99	22.62	6.96	18.44	9.49
Zr	30.01	74.27	22.70	33.44	28.73	65.02	14.10	102.15	130.12	15.79	13.95	9.67
Nb	1.36	3.20	4.80	7.65	6.34	10.37	1.37	25.63	40.71	0.98	1.32	1.28
Cs	0.82	2.23	0.33	0.43	0.38	1.20	0.42	0.84	0.60	0.26	0.39	0.29
Ba	16.87	24.35	20.55	82.03	23.25	697.52	14.86	112.89	95.03	15.24	25.49	30.32
La	9.93	18.70	12.78	19.28	19.31	21.53	12.79	21.68	26.71	4.33	8.45	5.87
Ce	23.69	42.02	23.54	38.42	37.89	39.54	25.95	41.96	49.30	8.49	21.41	11.92
Pr	2.75	4.85	2.64	4.52	4.50	4.35	2.94	4.99	5.76	1.11	2.36	1.43
Nd	10.71	19.09	10.76	18.64	18.16	17.49	11.73	20.70	23.31	4.50	9.39	5.97
Sm	2.21	3.87	2.34	4.12	3.97	3.68	2.66	4.67	4.95	1.11	2.39	1.27
Eu	0.49	0.81	0.55	0.87	0.84	0.71	0.46	1.23	1.36	0.23	0.53	0.32
Gd	1.72	3.10	2.56	4.32	4.22	3.96	2.70	4.37	4.72	1.16	2.64	1.32
Tb	0.26	0.50	0.39	0.68	0.69	0.63	0.48	0.64	0.66	0.18	0.42	0.22
Dy	1.43	3.09	2.46	4.18	4.06	3.63	3.00	3.75	3.73	1.05	2.47	1.33
Ho	0.31	0.66	0.46	0.84	0.81	0.73	0.59	0.71	0.73	0.21	0.49	0.27
Er	0.94	2.16	1.31	2.33	2.29	2.05	1.74	1.87	1.91	0.57	1.32	0.79
Tm	0.14	0.34	0.19	0.36	0.33	0.33	0.28	0.28	0.29	0.08	0.21	0.12
岩性	A	A	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B	B
样品号	T1	T2	S1	S3	S4	S5	S6	S9	S10	S7	S8	S11
Yb	1.05	2.43	1.12	2.10	2.02	2.00	1.79	1.63	1.62	0.51	1.25	0.63
Lu	0.18	0.38	0.16	0.30	0.27	0.30	0.27	0.24	0.23	0.07	0.17	0.09
Hf	0.70	1.82	0.57	0.86	0.71	1.66	0.37	2.98	3.35	0.39	0.36	0.25
Ta	0.10	0.22	0.33	0.52	0.43	0.74	0.12	1.56	2.23	0.07	0.10	0.09
Pb	2.06	4.35	4.79	8.67	6.82	8.57	4.82	13.01	7.44	5.36	8.60	2.01
Th	1.65	3.43	1.45	2.35	2.09	4.83	2.88	4.77	5.75	1.56	2.20	1.15
U	0.83	1.40	0.30	0.48	0.45	0.94	0.58	1.08	0.93	1.13	0.86	1.04
∑REE	55.80	102.00	61.23	100.95	99.35	100.91	67.37	108.71	125.27	23.60	53.49	31.56
(La/Yb)_N	6.76	5.52	8.22	6.57	6.85	7.73	5.14	9.55	11.86	6.09	4.86	6.64
Eu^*	0.74	0.69	0.68	0.62	0.62	0.57	0.52	0.82	0.85	0.61	0.64	0.74
Nb/Y	0.16	0.17	0.27	0.28	0.23	0.43	0.07	1.17	1.80	0.14	0.07	0.14
Zr/TiO₂	0.05	0.05	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.02	0.02
Th/Yb	1.57	1.41	1.30	1.12	1.03	2.42	1.61	2.93	3.56	3.06	1.76	1.82
Ta/Yb	0.10	0.09	0.30	0.25	0.21	0.37	0.07	0.96	1.38	0.14	0.08	0.14
U/Th	0.50	0.41	0.20	0.21	0.21	0.19	0.20	0.23	0.16	0.73	0.39	0.91
Ba/Th	10.20	7.10	14.14	34.84	11.14	144.37	5.16	23.65	16.52	9.79	11.60	26.33
(La/Sm)_n	2.83	3.04	3.44	2.94	3.06	3.68	3.03	2.92	3.40	2.46	2.23	2.90
注：A代表碳酸盐化玻屑沉凝灰岩；B代表火山碎屑灰岩.

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