滇西澜沧江构造带中-南段澜沧群变质变形期次及Ar-Ar年代学约束

毕丽莎; 梁晓; 王根厚; 张海迪; 王泉; 吴春娇

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.999

滇西澜沧江构造带中-南段澜沧群变质变形期次及Ar-Ar年代学约束

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.999

毕丽莎^1,2,,
梁晓^1, ,,
王根厚¹,
张海迪^1,3,
王泉¹,
吴春娇^1,4

1.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
2.
中陕核工业集团二一一大队有限公司, 陕西西安 710024
3.
中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心, 陕西西安 710054
4.
武警黄金第二支队, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010010

基金项目:

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 2652014004

中国地质调查局项目 12120115026901

国家自然科学基金青年基金项目 41402177

详细信息

作者简介:
毕丽莎(1988-), 女, 工程师, 主要从事固体矿产勘查方面的研究工作

通讯作者:
梁晓

中图分类号: P54
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-12-10
- 刊出日期: 2018-09-15

Metamorphism-Deformation Phases and Ar-Ar Chronological Constraints of the Lancang Group in the Middle and Southern Sections of the Lancangjiang Tectonic Belt, Western Yunnan

Bi Lisha^{1,2
,},
Liang Xiao^{1
, ,},
Wang Genhou¹,
Zhang Haidi^1,3,
Wang Quan¹,
Wu Chunjiao^1,4

1.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2.
211 Brigade Co., Ltd, Sino Shaanxi Nuclear Industry Group, Xi'an 710024, China
3.
Xi'an Center of China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, China
4.
No.2 Gold Geological Party of CAPF, Hohhot 010010, China

摘要

摘要: 澜沧群变质变形过程的厘定有助于揭示澜沧江构造带的演化历史.通过对双江-惠民地区出露的中-低绿片岩相变质岩系与高压变质岩系的"构造-变质"双重解析，发现澜沧群变质岩系：（1）以挤压体制下的褶劈理S₂为区域性面理，浅变质岩系中石英脉条带代表的面理S₁与层理S₀产状一致，并在第2期强烈压扁后与S₂近平行；（2）构造样式与变质变形期次在研究区域内基本一致，表现为二叠纪-三叠纪两期次中深构造层次透入性变形为侏罗纪-新生代浅-表层次变形所叠加；（3）高压变质岩记录了两个期次的深层次构造变形，电气石与石榴石变斑晶具有明显的两阶段生长模式，核部（M_1aD_1a）可能代表了峰期榴辉岩相变质作用，边部代表折返过程中的蓝片岩相（M_1bD_1b）阶段.高压变质岩与浅变质岩第2期（M₂D₂）构造层次及变形样式一致，代表折返后的挤压拼贴过程，两者的剪切型褶劈理S₂均指示上盘S向的剪切滑动.结合新生代三江地区发生的近90°块体旋转，恢复第2期为上盘指向E的逆冲剪切作用.通过对幸福变质石英砂岩白云母、小黑江多硅白云母和蓝闪石的⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar定年，以及对前人小黑江蓝闪石⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄的重新解释，共厘定出澜沧群4个构造阶段：（1）高压变质岩第1期晚期（D_1b）蓝片岩相变质作用（~250 Ma）；（2）第2期（M₂D₂）中层次挤压（215~214 Ma）；（3）浅变质岩系第3期早期（D_3a）N-S向纵弯褶皱（111.9~103.7 Ma）与晚期（D_3b）逆冲（~82.28 Ma）；（4）第4期近E-W向纵弯褶皱（新生代，很可能晚于59.18 Ma）.
- 澜沧群 /
- 变质岩系 /
- 变质变形 /
- 面理 /
- Ar-Ar定年 /
- 年代学
Abstract: The determination of metamorphic deformation process in Lancang Group can reveal the evolution history of Lancangjiang tectonic belt. Based on the "tectonic-metamorphic" study of the medium-low glacial facies metamorphic rocks and the high-pressure metamorphic rocks exposed in the Shuangjiang-Huimin area, this paper presents the following findings on the metamorphic rocks in the Lancang Group:(1) the Fold cleavage S₂ under the extrusion system is the regional foliation. The facies S₁ represented by the quartz veins in the metamorphic rocks are consistent with the S₀, and S₁ is nearly parallel with S₂ after the second stage. (2) The tectonic pattern and the metamorphic deformation period are basically the same in the resarch area, showing two-stage middle and deep tectonic stratigraphy in Permian-Triassic, which is shallow-surface deformation superposition of the Jurassic-Cenozoic. (3) The high-pressure metamorphic rocks record two periods of deep tectonic deformation, and the tourmaline and garnet have a distinct two-stage growth pattern. The core (M_1aD_1a) may represent the peak eclogite facies metamorphism, The edge represents the blue lithofacies (M_1bD_1b) stage during the exhumation process. The high-pressure metamorphic rocks are consistent with the tectonic level and deformation pattern of the second stage (M₂D₂) of the metamorphic rocks, which represents the process of the compressive stress after the exhumation process. Both shear-type cleavages S₂ indicate that the upper disk shear sliding toward to cleavages. Combined with the Cenozoic Sanjiang area occurred near the 90° block rotation, the recovery of the second phase of the disk against the thrust of the role of E. By the ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar dating of quartz sandstone muscovite in Xingfu area, phengite and blue amphibole in Xiaoheijiang, and reinterpreting the ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar age of the blue amphibole in Xiaoheijiang, it is concluded that Lancang Group has 4 tectonic stages:(1) Metamorphism of blueschist facies in the first stage (D_1b) of high-pressure metamorphic rocks, ~250 Ma. (2) The second phase (M₂D₂) is extrusion in the middle level, 215-214 Ma. (3) The shallow metamorphic rocks N-S to the longitudinal folds belong to the third stage (D_3a):111.9-103.7 Ma with the late (D_3b) thrust, ~82.28 Ma. (4) The fourth period near the E-W to the vertical fold:the new generation (probably later than 59.18 Ma).
- Lancang Group /
- metamorphic series /
- metamorphic deformation /
- foliation /
- Ar-Ar dating /
- geochronology

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图 1 滇西三江构造带大地构造单元划分及澜沧江构造带地质简图

修改自Heppe(2006)

Fig. 1. The general division of tectonic units in the Sanjiang orogenic belt and the geological sketch of the Lancangjiang tectonic belt in western Yunnan

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图 2 临沧幸福镇-澜沧县区域地质简图(a)及澜沧群各期次构造的极射赤平投影(下半球)(b)

图a显示澜沧江构造带东西向构造分区，修改自王丹丹等(2014)；图b显示幸福浅变质岩系、上允北小黑江高压变质岩系、澜沧-惠民浅变质岩系的各期次构造要素

Fig. 2. Geological sketch along Xingfu of Lincang-Lancang (a) and the lower hemisphere stereonets of the structures of each deformation stage (b)

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图 3 澜沧-惠民浅变质岩系变形特征

图a显示面理S₂上盘指向S的右行剪切滑动(双重逆冲构造)；图b为细长的σ形不对称石香肠，指示上盘S向滑动；图c显示面理S₂、S₁与S₀的置换关系；图d显示收缩型褶劈理(CCC)；图e显示近N-S走向的低缓逆冲断层(D_3b)截切第3期(D_3a)N-S向纵弯褶皱；图f显示第3期(D₃)NE向纵弯褶皱

Fig. 3. Deformation characteristics of the low-grade metamorphosed rock complex in Lancang-Huimin

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图 4 小黑江高压变质岩系的变形特征

图a和图b显示面理S₂为剪切型褶劈理，内部夹持的石英脉香肠指示上盘向南的左行滑动；图c显示第4期(D₄)近E-W向纵弯褶皱与轴面劈理S₄；图d显示低角度脆性正断层(D₅)

Fig. 4. Deformation characteristics of the high-pressure metamorphic rocks in Xiaoheijiang

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图 5 幸福浅变质岩系的变形样式

图a显示粉砂质或泥质千枚岩中面理S₂已经完全置换透入性石英条带代表的第1期面理S₁，同斜褶皱指示露头中两者呈平行状；图b~d显示石英砂岩中第3期(D_3a)纵弯褶皱及其压溶轴面劈理对面理S₂的置换，其中图d显示面理S₃已经十分透入(对应Ar-Ar定年样品7-20-6-DKW1)；图e显示D_3b期脆韧性逆冲断层对D_3a期直立褶皱的叠加；图f表明轴面劈理S₄对透入性面理S₂的置换

Fig. 5. Deformation style of shallow metamorphosed clastic rocks in Xingfu

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图 6 澜沧群变质岩系的显微变形特征和构造期次划分

图a为澜沧-上允浅变质岩系面理S₂的显微特征，绢云母/白云母显微形态显示两期变形面理(与图 3c露头相邻)；图b为幸福石英砂岩中面理S₃对S₂的置换，变质相明显高于澜沧-惠民地区(对应Ar-Ar定年样品7-20-6-DKW1)；图c显示小黑江多硅白云母片岩中透入性面理S₂及后期压溶面理S₃，蓝闪石和榍石已明显定向，表明蓝片岩与云母片岩的混合不晚于面理S₂时代；图d为多硅白云母片岩中面理S₂夹持的电气石构造前变斑晶，核部富集针状蓝闪石(D_1a)，并被干净的边部(D_1b)包围；图e显示多硅白云母片岩中面理S₂夹持的石榴石构造前变斑晶，具有两个期次的自形结构，核部白云母等包裹体呈S形(D_1a)，边部环带干净(D_1b)；图f显示蓝片岩中透入性面理S₂和塑性拉长后的定向蓝闪石、钠长石、绿帘石

Fig. 6. Microscopic characteristics of metamorphism/deformation and the classification of structural sequence for Lancang Group

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图 7 澜沧群高压变质矿物⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年龄谱及白云母Arrhenius图解

图a为幸福白云母Ar-Ar年龄谱，以及逐步加热过程中10个加热阶段的Ca/K比值变化趋势；图b为重新定义的赵靖等(1994b)粟义蓝闪石Ar-Ar年龄谱；图c~e为白云母York、Arrhenius图解，图d中T为开尔文温度

Fig. 7. ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar age spectrum of the high-pressure metamorphic minerals and the Arrhenius diagram of muscovite form Lancang Group

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表 1 澜沧群浅变质岩系二叠纪以后的变质变形期次划分

Table 1. The division of the multi-stage metamorphism/deformation since Permian for epimetamorphic rocks of Lancang Group

期次	变质相	变形样式及层次	时代
M₁D₁	澜沧-惠民：低绿片岩相，Chl+Ser+Qtz±Bi 幸福：部分达中-高绿片岩相，Mus+Ab+Qtz	递进剪切流变，伴随强烈的压溶分异，绢云母或白云母定向排列构成透入性面理S₁，微劈石域见石英脉条带.	P₂-T₂
M₂D₂	澜沧-惠民：＜低绿片岩相，±Ser±Chl 幸福：低绿片岩相	压扁+简单剪切，S₁褶皱形成褶劈理S₂，沿劈理面指向E的剪切滑动.石英脉变形：紧闭-同斜褶皱、无根褶皱、不对称石香肠.	T₃
D_3a	澜沧-惠民：未变质幸福：透入性压溶作用	以S₂为标志面形成N-S向中常褶皱，次生调节褶皱不均匀应变的小型陡倾逆冲断裂. 幸福：以S₂为标志面形成N-S向中常褶皱，发育较透入轴面劈理S₃.	103.7 Ma
D_3b	未变质	澜沧-惠民：近N-S向近水平逆冲断层，切割D_3a褶皱幸福：向东陡倾的逆冲断层切过D_3a褶皱	82.28 Ma
D₄	未变质	澜沧-惠民：以S₂为标志面形成E-W向中常-开阔褶皱及小型逆冲断层. 幸福：近E-W向纵弯褶皱及轴面劈理.	新生代 (晚于59.18 Ma)

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表 2 小黑江高压变质岩二叠纪以后的变质变形期次划分

Table 2. The classification of metamorphism/deformation since Permian for the high-pressure metamorphic rocks in Xiaoheijiang area

期次	变质相	变形样式	时代
M_1aD_1a	早期变质(可能为榴辉岩相-EC?)Grt+白云母	Grt₁同构造或构造后变斑晶及内部S形白云母包迹面理S_1a	＞255 Ma
M_1bD_1b	蓝片岩相(Ep-BS)多硅白云母片岩：Grt+Phen+Gl+Tur+Ttn；蓝片岩，Gl+Ep+Ab	多硅白云母片岩：Grt₂后构造变斑晶，矩形石英条带；Tur后构造变斑晶及内部Gl包体面理S_1b.	248.5~255.0 Ma
M₂D₂	绿片岩相(GS)Bi+Ab	Phen(M₁D₁)旋转后定向排列构成褶劈理S₂，劈理域内浸染状分布Bi；Ab同构造变斑晶压力影构造，内含S_1bPhen的S形包迹；石英亚晶粒及波状消光.	215~214 Ma
D₃	≤低绿片岩相(GS)	近N-S向宽缓褶皱及膝褶(赵靖等, 1994a, 1994b).	111.9±0.4 Ma
D₄	＜低绿片岩相(GS)	褶劈理S₂发生近E-W向宽缓褶皱，形成轴面劈理S₄.	晚白垩世?
D₅	未变质	倾向W或SW的低角度韧-脆性正断层.	新生代?

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表 3 幸福变质石英砂岩白云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar测年同位素比值结果

Table 3. ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar isotopic dating results of muscovite fractions from metamorphic quartz sandstone in Xingfu

加热阶段	T (℃)	(⁴⁰Ar/ ³⁹Ar)_m	(³⁶Ar/ ³⁹Ar)_m	(³⁷Ar/ ³⁹Ar)_m	(³⁸Ar/ ³⁹Ar)_m	⁴⁰Ar (%)	F	³⁹Ar (10^-14 mol)	³⁹Ar(累计) (%)	年龄 (Ma)	±1σ (Ma)	Ca/ K
1	700	22.046 0	0.030 4	0.368 0	0.019 2	59.30	13.077 0	0.64	4.64	59.18	0.70	0.634 4
2	740	18.946 9	0.003 8	0.351 9	0.014 1	94.11	17.835 2	1.57	16.01	80.23	0.81	0.606 6
3	780	18.502 2	0.001 9	0.047 0	0.013 1	97.01	17.949 0	1.98	30.41	80.73	0.81	0.081 1
4	820	18.833 7	0.001 8	0.064 8	0.012 9	97.16	18.299 5	2.46	48.27	82.28	0.81	0.111 8
5	860	20.006 8	0.002 0	0.093 9	0.013 5	97.00	19.407 9	3.10	70.73	87.14	0.85	0.162 0
6	900	20.941 3	0.003 4	0.134 2	0.013 6	95.22	19.942 9	1.01	78.08	89.48	0.91	0.231 3
7	950	22.833 4	0.004 9	0.120 1	0.013 8	93.64	21.383 9	1.42	88.39	95.78	0.94	0.207 1
8	1 000	24.860 4	0.005 7	0.184 4	0.013 9	93.31	23.200 0	1.16	96.80	103.70	1.00	0.317 9
9	1 050	68.725 4	0.170 3	1.200 7	0.043 9	26.91	18.510 7	0.36	99.41	83.20	1.20	2.069 9
10	1 120	88.314 7	0.215 0	2.233 2	0.055 7	28.24	24.981 6	0.08	100.00	111.40	4.10	3.850 1
注：表中下标m代表样品中测定的同位素比值；Total age=85.8 Ma；F=⁴⁰Ar^*/³⁹Ar，代表放射性⁴⁰Ar和³⁹Ar的比值.样品编号为7-20-6-DKW1，单矿物为白云母，W=27.73 mg，J=0.002 550.

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