Ca-Enrichment Characteristics of Parental Magmas of Chromitite in Ophiolite: Inference from Mineral Inclusions
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摘要: 铬铁矿作为蛇绿岩中的重要矿产，其成矿母岩浆性质及演化一直存在较大争议.铬铁矿的矿物包裹体同时或先于铬铁矿结晶，其成分和类别能很好地记录成矿母岩浆性质和演化过程.土耳其Pozantı-Karsantı蛇绿岩不同类型铬铁岩的铬铁矿中发现了多种类型包裹体：不含水硅酸盐矿物（如橄榄石和单斜辉石）、含水硅酸盐矿物（如角闪石和金云母）、复合型矿物包裹体（如蛇纹石、硅灰石和单斜辉石的复合型包裹体）和不常见矿物（如磷灰石、铂族元素硫化物）.含水矿物包裹体的出现以及矿物的高Mg#特征（如橄榄石Fo=95.4~97.1；单斜辉石Mg#=92.0~99.9；角闪石Mg#=88.9~99.8）表明结晶铬铁矿的母岩浆具有富水、富Mg的特征.同时，除钙铬榴石和磷灰石的包裹体外，在铬铁矿中首次发现富Ca矿物方解石和硅灰石，其中方解石和菱镁矿以复合型包裹体形式产出，硅灰石则分布于蛇纹石矿物包裹体中.这些富Ca矿物的出现以及硅酸盐矿物的高CaO含量均揭示了铬铁岩母岩浆的富Ca特征.母岩浆中的Ca组分可能来源于俯冲板块中富Ca岩石/矿物的部分熔融，Ca离子的大量出现使得Cr3+在熔体中更加稳定，同时富Ca矿物的结晶促进了岩浆中Cr的进一步富集而利于铬铁矿的大量结晶沉淀.Abstract: The origin and mechanisms involved in the formation of chromitite deposit in ophiolites remain a controversial subject of continuous debate. One of the important ways to address this issue is to investigate the nature and composition of parental magmas of chromitite, which may be revealed by mineral inclusions in chromite interpreted to have crystallized contemporaneously with or earlier than the host chromite. Various types of inclusions have been found in chromite ores with different textures in the Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite in Turkey, which include (1) anhydrous silicate type such as olivine and clinopyroxene, (2) hydrous silicate type such as amphibole and phlogopite, (3) composite type such as the association of serpentine, wollastonite and clinopyroxene, (4) and uncommon mineral type such as apatite and platinum group element sulfide. The occurrence of hydrous mineral and the high Mg# of some minerals (e.g., olivine Mg#=95.4-97.1, clinopyroxene Mg#=92.0-99.0, amphibole Mg#=88.9-99.8) suggest that parental magmas of the chromite are rich in Mg and water contents. Besides the inclusions of apatite and uvarovite, it is reported, for the first time, that calcite and wollastonite inclusions in chromite, which, together with high-CaO features in silicate minerals, indicate Ca-enrichment. The elevated Ca contents in melts are favorable in stabilizing Cr3+ in silicate melt, while crystallization of Ca-bearing minerals could result in Cr enrichment in the melts. The Ca-rich component was probably derived from Ca-enriched rocks in subducting slab.
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Key words:
- ophiolite /
- chromite /
- inclusion /
- parental magma /
- mineralogy /
- petrology
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图 1 土耳其蛇绿岩分布图(a)，Pozantı-Karsantı蛇绿岩地质简图(b)和Pozantı-Karsantı蛇绿岩柱状剖面图(c)
图a据Robertson(2002)修改；图b据Su et al.(2018)修改；图c据Saka et al.(2014)修改
Fig. 1. Distribution of ophiolites in Turkey (a), simplified geologic map (b) and columnar section of the Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite (c)
图 2 土耳其Pozantı-Karsantı蛇绿岩不同类型铬铁矿石野外及扫描薄片照片
a.多种类型矿石；b.反豆状结构矿石；c.豆状矿石；d.块状矿石；e.半块状/豆状矿石；f.稀疏浸染状矿石；g.似层状铬铁矿石
Fig. 2. Field and scanned photos showing different textures and structures of chromitite in the Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite in Turkey
图 3 土耳其Pozantı-Karsantı蛇绿岩铬铁矿成分相关性图解
a.铬铁矿Al2O3和TiO2的成分相关性图解，据Kamenetsky et al.(2001)；b.铬铁矿Cr#和TiO2的成分相关性图解，据Pagé and Barnes(2009).MOR.大洋中脊；MORB.大洋中脊玄武岩；LIP.大火成岩省玄武岩；OIB.洋岛玄武岩；ARC.岛弧火山岩；SSZ.俯冲带之上
Fig. 3. Correlation diagrams of compositions of chromite in chromitite in the Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite in Turkey
图 4 土耳其Pozantı-Karsantı蛇绿岩铬铁矿中不同类型的硅酸盐矿物包裹体
a, b.自形橄榄石(Ol)；c, d.半自形橄榄石；e, f.自形六边形橄榄石；g, h.他形浑圆状橄榄石；i.单斜辉石(Cpx)矿物集合体；j.近八边形自形单斜辉石；k.半自形单斜辉石；l.他形长条状单斜辉石；m.角闪石(Amp)矿物集合体；n.近菱形自形角闪石；o.半自形长柱状角闪石；p.他形浑圆状角闪石；q.港湾状角闪石；r.金云母(Phl)矿物集合体；s.近五边形自形金云母；t.七边形自形金云母
Fig. 4. BSE images showing various types of silicate inclusions with different shapes and sizes in chromite in the Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite in Turkey
图 5 土耳其Pozantı-Karsantı蛇绿岩铬铁矿中不同类型复合型包裹体的背散射图像
a.单斜辉石和金云母的复合型包裹体；b.单斜辉石、硅灰石(Wo)和蛇纹石(Srp)的复合型包裹体；c.单斜辉石、绿泥石(Chl)和菱镁矿(Mgs)的复合型包裹体；d.金云母和蛇纹石的复合型包裹体
Fig. 5. BSE images showing different types of composite inclusions in chromite in the Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite in Turkey
图 6 土耳其Pozantı-Karsantı蛇绿岩铬铁矿中不常见的矿物包裹体
a.方解石(Cal)和绿泥石的复合型包裹体；b.硅灰石、绿泥石、蛇纹石的复合型包裹体；c.磷灰石(Ap)和单斜辉石的复合型包裹体；d.钙铬榴石(Uv)和单斜辉石的复合型包裹体；e.钙铬榴石；f.斜长石(Pl)和蛇纹石的复合型包裹体；g.半自形角闪石和铂族元素硫化物的复合型包裹体；h.铂族元素硫化物和他形角闪石的复合型包裹体；i.柱状铂族元素硫化物
Fig. 6. BSE images of uncommon mineral inclusions in chromite in the Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite in Turkey
图 7 土耳其Pozantı-Karsantı蛇绿岩中铬铁矿的矿物包裹体背散射图和元素分布
a.橄榄石；b.单斜辉石；c.单斜辉石和金云母的复合型包裹体
Fig. 7. BSE images and elemental distribution mapping of mineral inclusions in chromite in the Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite in Turkey
图 8 土耳其Pozantı-Karsantı蛇绿岩铬铁矿中橄榄石(a)、单斜辉石(b, c)和角闪石(d)包裹体的成分相关性图解
玻安岩和大洋中脊玄武岩数据来自GEOROC，http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/Start.asp
Fig. 8. Compositional correlation diagrams for olivine (a), clinopyroxene (b, c) and amphibole (d) inclusions in chromite in the Pozantı-Karsantı ophiolite in Turkey
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