雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波MORB型均质辉长岩的大洋核杂岩成因

刘飞; 连东洋; 牛晓露; 赵慧; 冯光英; 杨经绥

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.702

雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段东波MORB型均质辉长岩的大洋核杂岩成因

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.702

刘飞^1,,
连东洋^1,2,
牛晓露¹,
赵慧^1,3,
冯光英¹,
杨经绥¹

1.
地幔研究中心, 国土资源部深地动力学重点实验室, 中国地质科学院地质研究所, 北京 100037
2.
南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 江苏南京 210023
3.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20160022-01

国家自然科学基金项目 41720104009

中国地质调查局地质调查项目 DD20160023-01

国家自然科学基金项目 41672063

基本科研业务费 J1618

国家自然科学基金项目 41773029

国家自然科学基金项目 41373029

详细信息

作者简介:
刘飞(1982-), 博士, 主要从事不同造山带蛇绿岩研究, 近年来主要开展西藏雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩和金刚石的构造成因研究

中图分类号: P581;P583;P584
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-12-20
- 刊出日期: 2018-04-15

Dongbo MORB-Type Isotropic Gabbro Emplaced as an Oceanic Core Complex in Western Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone, Tibet

1.
Center for Advanced Research on Mantle(CARMA), Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics, Ministry of Land and Resources, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2.
School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
3.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 为解决雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段南带中数个大型超镁铁岩体的成因问题，对南带西段约400 km²的东波蛇绿岩开展区域地质填图，研究蛇绿岩岩石组合和构造性质及西北缘均质辉长岩年代学和成因.研究表明，东波蛇绿岩以地幔橄榄岩、薄层洋壳和周缘出露大面积晚侏罗世-早白垩世残余海山为特征，地幔橄榄岩中发育大量拆离、韧性剪切和正断层及糜棱岩和糜棱岩化蛇纹岩和蛇绿角砾岩；均质辉长岩的锆石普遍受到流体交代，锆石U-Pb年龄为129.0±1.8 Ma，地球化学具有低Si、K、P、Fe和Ti，高Ca和Mg，N-MORB型的稀土配分特征及明显的Th、Nb、Sr和Pb负异常.认为均质辉长岩形成于慢速-超慢速大洋扩张阶段，在大洋核杂岩沿拆离断层侵位过程中形成.
- 西藏 /
- 雅鲁藏布江缝合带 /
- 东波蛇绿岩 /
- 锆石U-Pb年代学 /
- 地球化学 /
- 大洋核杂岩
Abstract: The tectonic setting and genesis of the ophiolites in the southern belt (SB) of the western Yarlung Zangbo ophiolitic belt are still controversial.They occur much larger peridotite massifs in contrast with those in the northern belt that are made discontinuously of lensoidal ophiolitic bodies in serpentinite matrix mélanges. The Dongbo ophiolite in the SB has been investigated and mapped, especially a 1 002.06 m dominant peridotite core has been drilled in the northwestern margin in 2015. Geochemical and geochronological (U-Pb zircon age) data from isotropic gabbros are presented in this paper. Dongbo ophiolite consists dominantly of harzburgite, minor dunite and mafic intrusions, associated with thin oceanic crust.Dismembered Late Juarassic to Early Cretaceous volcanic-sedimentary sequences of seamounts overlie the peridotites in the margins.Detachment and ductile shear faults, mylonite and mylonitic serpentinite and ophiolitic breccia are found in the mantle peridotites. In-situ LA-ICP-MS analysis of zircon grains from isotropic gabbros yields 129.0±1.8 Ma.The geochemical data of these gabbros are characterized by low Si, K, P, Fe, Ti and high Ca, Mg, showing N-MORB-like chondrite-normalized REE patterns and remarkable Th, Nb, Sr and Pb negative anomalies in N-MORB normalized spider diagrams. It is proposed that part of Dongbo peridotite and isotropic gabbro formed in a slow-spreading mid-ocean ridge which exhumed along detachment faults as an oceanic core complex.
- Tibet /
- Yarlung Zangbo suture zone /
- Dongbo ophiolite /
- zircon U-Pb age /
- geochemistry /
- oceanic core complex

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图 1 西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带(YZSZ)在东特提斯-喜马拉雅-缅马造山带中的位置(a)和西藏南部区域地质简图和YZSZ蛇绿岩分布(b)

图a据Jagoutz et al.(2015)修改；图b据Xu et al.(2015)修改.GCT.大反冲逆冲断裂；GT.冈底斯逆冲断层；KKF.喀喇昆仑断裂；MBT.主边界逆冲断裂；MCT.主中央逆冲断裂；MFT.主前缘逆冲断裂；NB.南迦巴瓦构造结；NP.南迦帕尔特构造结；STD.藏南拆离系

Fig. 1. Location of the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (YZSZ), Tibet in the eastern Mediteranian-Ximalaya-Myanma orogenic belt (a), and simplified geological map of southern Tibet showing the locations of all the ophiolitic massifs in the YZSZ (b)

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图 2 西藏南部雅鲁藏布江缝合带(YZSZ)和班公湖-怒江缝合带(BNSZ)分布简图(a)，YZSZ西段区域地质简图(b)

普兰东和普兰西以拉昂错湖西缘为界

Fig. 2. Distribution of ophiolitic massifs along the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone (YZSZ) and Bangonghu-Nujiang suture zone (BNSZ) in Tibet (a); simplified geological map of the western part of the YZSZ, Tibet (b)

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图 3 雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段南带东波蛇绿岩地质简图

样品L190(辉长岩，坐标N31°04′26.50″，E80°11′14.40″)和L178(辉石岩，N31°02′16.30″，E80°17′44.60″)熊发挥等(2011)；样品GCT329(粗粒辉长岩，N31°02′16.69″，E80°17′44.59″)引自Chan et al.(2015).白色五角星为文献样品，黄色五角星为本文样品

Fig. 3. Geological map of the Dongbo ophiolite in the southern belt of the western Yarlung Zangbo suture zone

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图 4 东波堆晶伟晶辉长岩夹纯橄岩透镜体野外特征

Fig. 4. Occurrence of cumulate pegmatoidal gabbros interbedded with dunite lens in the Dongbo ophiolite

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图 5 雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段南带东波均质辉长岩的野外特征

Fig. 5. Field photographs of the isotropic gabbros in the southern belt of the western Yarlung Zangbo suture zone

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图 6 东波均质辉长岩的显微镜下特征

a~d.样品13YL45-6；e, f.样品13YL45-8，左边单偏光，右边正交光

Fig. 6. Photomicrographs of the isotropic gabbros in the southern belt of the western Yarlung Zangbo suture zone

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图 7 东波均质辉长岩全岩化学成分谐变图解

辉长岩脉熊发挥等(2011)；西南印度洋Seg 27玄武岩和高铝玄武岩引自Yang et al.(2017)

Fig. 7. Selected chemical variation diagrams of isotropic gabbro samples from the Dongbo ophiolite

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图 8 东波蛇绿岩中基性岩脉球粒陨石和N-MORB标准化图解

东波辉石岩脉和辉长岩脉，据熊发挥等(2011)；YZSZ西段北带错布扎蛇绿岩中辉绿岩脉，据刘飞等(2015b)；BAB.全球弧后玄武岩平均值；MORB.全球洋中脊玄武岩平均值(包括MORB, N-MORB, MORB+BAB三条线)，据Gale et al.(2013)；Mariana FAB-D.马里亚纳弧前玄武质岩脉，据Reagan et al.(2010)；Lau-IAT.Lau洋脊岛弧拉斑玄武岩, 据Hergt and Woodhead(2007)；西南印度洋洋脊Seg 27玄武岩和高铝玄武岩，据Yang et al.(2017)；西南印度洋洋脊龙骨玄武岩，据Gao et al.(2016)；N-MORB和球粒陨石，据Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 8. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and N-MORB normalized spider diagrams for the Dongbo gabbros

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图 9 东波均质辉长岩(13YL45-13)锆石阴极发光(CL)图像(a)，和锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(b, d)及其加权平均年龄图(c, e)

Fig. 9. Zircon cathodoluminescence (CL) images of isotropic gabbros in the Dongbo (a), zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams (b, d) and their weighted average results (c, e) in the Dongbo

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图 10 球粒陨石标准化的Ce/Yb-Dy/Yb图解(a)和La/Sm-Sm/Yb图解(b)

图a据Saccani(2015)；图b中曲线和数字分别为非模式熔融模拟曲线和熔融程度(%)，据Aldanmaz et al.(2000).N-MORB.正常洋中脊玄武岩；G-MORB.源自石榴石相的洋中脊玄武岩；E-MORB.富集洋中脊玄武岩；DMM.亏损MORB地幔；EM.西安那托利亚富集地幔；PM.初始地幔.N代表球粒陨石标准化，据Sun and McDonough(1989)；东波辉长岩脉数据熊发挥等(2011)

Fig. 10. Isotropic gabbro samples on the chondrite-normalized (Dy/Yb) versus (Ce/Yb) diagram used for discriminating between G-MORB and N-MORB (a) and La/Sm-Sm/Yb diagram (b)

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图 11 东波均质辉长岩的构造判别图解

图a据Pearce(2003)；图b据引自Pearce(2014)；图c和图d引自Saccani(2015).辉石岩脉和辉长岩脉熊发挥等(2011).AB.碱性玄武岩；BBAB.弧后盆地玄武岩；D/N/G-MORB.亏损/正常/石榴石相-洋中脊玄武岩；WPB.板内玄武岩

Fig. 11. Tectonic discrimination diagrams for the Dongbo isotropic gabbros

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图 12 雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段南带地幔橄榄岩的野外构造特征

a.东波地幔橄榄岩中拆离正断层；b.韧性剪切拆离断层(断层面被碳酸盐矿物充填)；c.阶步构造；d.东波地幔橄榄质角砾岩；e，f.普兰地幔橄榄质角砾岩

Fig. 12. Field photographs of structural features of mantle peridotite in the southern belt of the western Yarlung Zangbo suture zone

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图 13 东波蛇绿岩在慢速扩张脊附近沿转换断层侵位

Fig. 13. Schematic model of the Dongbo ophiolite formation as an oceanic core complex near a slow-spreading ridge

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表 1 东波蛇绿岩中均质辉长岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(10^-6)含量

Table 1. Major (%) and trace element (10^-6) compositions of isotropic gabbros from the Dongbo ophiolite in the western YZSZ, Tibet

样品号	均质辉长岩								辉石岩脉	辉长岩脉
样品号	13YL45-1	13YL45-2	13YL45-3	13YL45-4	13YL45-5	13YL45-7	13YL45-8	13YL45-9	L-178-3^*	L-190-2^*
SiO₂	45.62	45.72	45.59	45.59	45.94	46.18	45.04	45.81	53.65	49.54
TiO₂	1.08	1.07	0.91	1.00	0.98	0.91	1.03	1.05	0.10	0.94
Al₂O₃	13.72	13.53	13.59	12.98	14.07	14.02	14.70	13.46	3.03	15.66
Fe₂O₃	1.61	0.99	1.36	1.51	1.21	1.02	1.42	1.58	7.94	2.10
FeO	6.53	6.91	5.71	6.28	6.18	6.00	6.29	6.26	6.80	6.80
MnO	0.16	0.17	0.16	0.18	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.17	0.15	0.15
MgO	8.48	8.47	9.81	9.50	7.48	7.87	7.97	8.67	25.37	7.35
CaO	18.55	18.62	18.26	18.16	19.63	19.62	19.03	18.51	7.63	10.9
Na₂O	0.32	0.33	0.32	0.34	0.32	0.29	0.28	0.34	0.09	3.29
K₂O	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.08	0.07	0.09	0.02	0.09
P₂O₅	0.09	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.09	0.09	0.05	0.07
CO₂	0.15	0.13	0.13	0.19	0.16	0.28	0.14	0.19
H₂O⁺	3.76	3.91	4.03	3.90	3.56	3.54	4.11	3.86
LOI	3.17	3.09	3.52	3.26	3.00	3.27	3.59	3.29	0.10	1.98
Total	100.14	100.02	100.02	99.79	99.84	100.04	100.32	100.07	98.36	98.68
FeO^T	7.98	7.80	6.93	7.64	7.27	6.92	7.57	7.68	13.94	8.69
Mg^#	65.67	66.15	71.80	69.12	64.94	67.19	65.47	67.01	76.61	60.36
M	70.04	68.81	75.56	73.14	68.54	70.25	69.52	71.37	87.04	66.05
Sc	35.10	33.50	30.80	33.60	31.60	31.20	32.60	33.40
Ti	6 806.00	6 353.00	5 547.00	6 201.00	6 149.00	5 740.00	6 276.00	6 672.00
Cr	154.00	150.00	185.00	184.00	155.00	177.00	167.00	154.00
V	226.00	215.00	189.00	211.00	205.00	193.00	208.00	232.00	305.00	210.00
Ni	59.90	58.00	61.50	61.70	58.10	61.20	58.90	56.30
Co	38.40	35.60	34.20	35.30	36.00	34.50	36.10	36.90
Cu	55.40	60.50	43.30	44.40	40.20	20.50	53.10	40.40
Zn	66.60	60.80	55.60	62.20	60.40	50.80	58.00	59.30
Ga	13.30	11.90	12.00	11.60	13.90	14.60	11.60	12.80
Mn	1 197.00	1 201.00	1 166.00	1 271.00	1 164.00	1 187.00	1 045.00	1 291.00
Mo	0.26	0.14	0.15	0.25	0.17	0.26	0.10	0.17
Pb	0.16	0.22	0.14	0.32	0.29	0.18	0.20	0.19
Rb	0.45	0.44	1.66	0.95	0.87	0.88	0.70	0.77	0.20	0.90
Sr	48.40	45.30	45.10	42.10	47.80	40.20	52.10	47.70	160.00	121.00
Y	25.00	23.40	19.70	21.40	21.10	19.60	21.20	22.80	23.20	19.60
Zr	71.20	74.50	63.10	66.10	68.30	59.80	69.70	71.90
Nb	0.92	0.87	0.83	0.81	0.90	0.84	0.86	0.96	0.50	0.70
Ba	17.40	13.30	21.60	11.60	6.15	10.40	11.70	10.60	1.70	7.50
La	2.13	2.00	1.94	1.87	1.98	1.89	2.06	2.16	1.00	1.80
Ce	6.81	6.95	6.16	6.44	6.49	6.08	6.85	6.95	3.90	5.70
Pr	1.24	1.27	1.10	1.18	1.18	1.09	1.24	1.31	0.87	1.04
Nd	7.58	7.43	6.62	6.79	7.25	6.39	7.32	7.08	5.40	5.80
Sm	2.43	2.41	2.17	2.35	2.31	2.07	2.40	2.41	2.37	2.03
Eu	1.02	0.95	0.88	0.88	0.92	0.86	0.94	1.03	0.85	0.92
Gd	3.37	3.32	2.77	3.15	2.90	2.97	3.25	3.19	3.20	2.86
Tb	0.56	0.58	0.47	0.53	0.51	0.47	0.54	0.56	0.66	0.56
Dy	3.96	3.92	3.37	3.70	3.52	3.35	3.85	3.91	4.29	3.77
Ho	0.82	0.87	0.71	0.77	0.77	0.72	0.83	0.82	0.95	0.81
Er	2.49	2.42	2.12	2.32	2.32	2.05	2.41	2.41	2.84	2.42
Tm	0.36	0.38	0.32	0.35	0.32	0.32	0.34	0.36	0.40	0.34
Yb	2.40	2.41	2.01	2.15	2.17	1.98	2.33	2.38	2.52	2.22
Lu	0.34	0.37	0.31	0.34	0.33	0.31	0.35	0.36	0.39	0.33
Hf	2.15	2.20	1.82	2.00	2.04	1.69	2.05	2.14	1.10	1.70
Ta	0.16	0.17	0.15	0.13	0.17	0.18	0.15	0.16	0.09	0.09
Th	0.09	0.08	0.11	0.09	0.09	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.05	0.07
注：*熊发挥等(2011).

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表 2 东波蛇绿岩中均质辉长岩(样品13YL45-13)LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果

Table 2. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic data for an isotropic gabbro (sample 13YL45-13) from the Dongbo ophiolite

测试点	普通²⁰⁶Pb^*(10^-6)	放射性²⁰⁶Pb(10^-6)	元素(10^-6)		Th/U	同位素比值						年龄结果(Ma)
测试点	普通²⁰⁶Pb^*(10^-6)	放射性²⁰⁶Pb(10^-6)	U	Th	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	±1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	±1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	±1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U^*	±1σ
13YL-45-13-1	11.02	21.55	536.45	1 062.71	1.98	0.165 07	0.013 01	0.474 68	0.044 34	0.020 86	0.000 60	133.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-4	6.57	10.74	321.14	527.06	1.64	0.078 49	0.009 65	0.227 78	0.029 97	0.021 05	0.000 61	134.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-5	9.99	19.75	524.28	1 632.49	3.11	0.048 13	0.003 63	0.128 22	0.010 16	0.019 32	0.000 46	123.0	3.0
13YL-45-13-10	8.28	13.29	418.22	783.01	1.87	0.051 12	0.004 96	0.142 30	0.014 00	0.020 19	0.000 58	129.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-12	8.78	12.67	439.39	441.28	1.00	0.045 58	0.006 48	0.127 93	0.018 41	0.020 36	0.000 61	130.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-13	16.11	26.40	812.55	1 309.55	1.61	0.069 84	0.005 49	0.193 49	0.016 91	0.020 09	0.000 54	128.0	3.0
13YL-45-13-14	4.47	7.09	210.48	351.05	1.67	0.039 89	0.006 94	0.120 49	0.020 28	0.021 90	0.000 70	140.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-15	12.18	26.14	619.90	1 787.98	2.88	0.148 87	0.012 12	0.405 19	0.033 53	0.019 74	0.000 54	126.0	3.0
13YL-45-13-16	10.92	17.68	534.69	808.60	1.51	0.070 03	0.007 59	0.198 93	0.024 23	0.020 60	0.000 56	131.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-19	6.39	12.26	323.97	894.78	2.76	0.046 38	0.009 00	0.126 49	0.023 88	0.019 78	0.000 68	126.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-20	7.40	11.13	369.67	567.69	1.54	0.047 19	0.006 75	0.133 48	0.019 68	0.020 52	0.000 62	131.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-21	8.52	14.19	437.10	767.41	1.76	0.068 76	0.008 25	0.187 93	0.023 18	0.019 82	0.000 64	127.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-22	6.12	10.55	316.77	587.04	1.85	0.067 14	0.010 41	0.181 76	0.033 20	0.019 63	0.000 65	125.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-23	5.47	7.44	263.04	245.45	0.93	0.048 81	0.007 05	0.141 92	0.021 24	0.021 09	0.000 64	135.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-24	10.92	16.73	524.09	753.93	1.44	0.041 20	0.004 34	0.118 80	0.013 23	0.020 91	0.000 54	133.0	3.0
13YL-45-13-26	4.83	9.32	230.79	624.35	2.71	0.042 00	0.005 78	0.123 78	0.017 45	0.021 38	0.000 63	136.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-27	2.70	5.54	138.01	439.49	3.18	0.051 29	0.008 77	0.140 46	0.024 05	0.019 86	0.000 69	127.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-29	7.86	16.65	378.64	1 364.15	3.60	0.046 79	0.006 77	0.135 85	0.018 87	0.021 06	0.000 60	134.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-30	5.97	13.16	294.78	1 145.82	3.89	0.052 56	0.006 09	0.149 59	0.017 64	0.020 64	0.000 58	132.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-31	3.22	6.75	157.42	522.97	3.32	0.049 19	0.007 10	0.140 84	0.021 57	0.0207 6	0.000 64	132.0	4.0
13YL-45-13-32	6.22	12.75	317.55	1 024.59	3.23	0.051 26	0.006 48	0.139 63	0.018 06	0.01975	0.000 57	126.0	4.0
注：*由测定的²⁰⁴Pb计算.

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