彬县-铜川地区延长组油页岩晚白垩世以来的抬升剥蚀与冷却历史

于强; 任战利; 朱增伍; 陶霓; 王宝江; 李长春

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.596

彬县-铜川地区延长组油页岩晚白垩世以来的抬升剥蚀与冷却历史

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.596

于强^1,2,,
任战利^3,4,
朱增伍⁵,
陶霓^1,2,
王宝江⁶,
李长春⁵

1.
长安大学地球科学与资源学院, 陕西西安 710054
2.
长安大学成矿作用及其动力学实验室, 陕西西安 710054
3.
西北大学地质学系, 陕西西安 710069
4.
西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 陕西西安 710069
5.
陕西省地质调查中心, 陕西西安 710068
6.
陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司研究院, 陕西西安 710075

基金项目:

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部三叠系油页岩盆地演化模拟专题研究 213027170400

国家自然科学基金项目 41602128

国家自然科学基金项目 41703055

中央高校"双一流"引导专项 300104282708

中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目 310827171009

国家自然科学基金项目 41630312

详细信息

作者简介:
于强(1983-), 男, 副教授, 博士, 研究方向为盆地构造热演化史与低温热年代学

中图分类号: P542;P597
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-01-04
- 刊出日期: 2018-06-15

Exhumation, Cooling and Erosion History of Triassic Oil Shale since Late Cretaceous, Binxian-Tongchuan Area of Ordos Basin

Yu Qiang^{1,2
,},
Ren Zhanli^3,4,
Zhu Zengwu⁵,
Tao Ni^1,2,
Wang Baojiang⁶,
Li Changchun⁵

1.
School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
2.
The Laboratory of Mineralization and Dynamics, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
3.
Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
4.
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
5.
Shanxi Geological Survey Center, Xi'an 710068, China
6.
Research Institute of Yanchang Petroleum(Group) Company Limited, Shanxi, Xi'an 710075, China

摘要

摘要: 利用古温标与热年代学数据共同恢复油页岩的隆升冷却历史对于研究油页岩成矿的热背景有着重要的理论意义.利用钻孔ZK900磷灰石（U-Th）/He测年数据，结合已有的永参1井磷灰石裂变径迹资料分别获得铜川地区和彬县地区延长组油页岩晚白垩世以来的古地温、抬升冷却期次、抬升冷却速率及剥蚀厚度等数据，并对比了两个地区油页岩经历的构造热演化史的差异性.ZK900钻孔长6、长9和长10段磷灰石He年龄均值依次为43.83 Ma、31.87 Ma和22.88 Ma.铜川地区油页岩晚白垩世以来经历了97~40 Ma快速抬升、40~8 Ma缓慢抬升和8 Ma以来快速抬升3个阶段，剥蚀厚度及抬升速率分别为600 m、10.5 m/Ma，10 m、0.3 m/Ma和1 290 m、161.3 m/Ma，对应的古温度及冷却速率分别为100~60 ℃、0.70 ℃/Ma，60~50 ℃、0.22 ℃/Ma和50~25 ℃、2.90 ℃/Ma.彬县地区延长组油页岩晚白垩世以来经历了3期抬升冷却过程：97~40 Ma，持续抬升冷却（130~75 ℃），冷却速率为0.96 ℃/Ma，抬升速率为14.4 m/Ma，剥蚀厚度820 m；40~8 Ma温度基本未变（75~70 ℃），抬升/冷却速率均很低，分别为1.9 m/Ma与0.16 ℃/Ma，剥蚀厚度60 m；8 Ma以来急剧降温（70~31 ℃），抬升速率125 m/Ma，冷却速率4.88 ℃/Ma，剥蚀厚度1 000 m.彬县-铜川地区三叠系油页岩晚白垩世以来经历了3个抬升阶段，始新世40 Ma和中新世8 Ma为该套油页岩成矿后期冷却的关键时刻.研究表明，彬县地区和铜川地区抬升冷却和剥蚀历史具有一定的差异性，在今后油页岩成矿及后期改造研究中应区别分析.
- 热年代学 /
- 鄂尔多斯盆地 /
- (U-Th)/He /
- 渭北隆起 /
- 油页岩 /
- 裂变径迹 /
- 构造 /
- 石油地质
Abstract: The recovery of exhumation history of oil shale with the method of geothermometer and thermochronology has scientific significance for the study of thermal background of oil shale mineralization and its reformation. Based on the theory of tectonothermal evolution, the paleogeotemperature, the exhumation-related cooling and the erosion of the Triassic oil shale since Late Cretaceous in the Binxian area and the Tongchuan area were recovered with the fission track data from the well Yongcan1 and the (U-Th)/He data from the drilling well ZK900, respectively. The tectonothermal evolution difference of the two areas are discussed. The average (U-Th)/He ages of the Chang6, Chang9 and Chang10 samples are 43.83 Ma, 31.87 Ma, and 22.88 Ma respectively. Three stages of exhumation-cooling since Late Cretaceous of the Tongchuan area were recovered:97-40 Ma, fast exhumation; 40-8 Ma, slow exhumation, and 8 Ma to the present, extremely fast exhumation, respectively. The erosion thickness and exhumation rate are 600 m, 10.5 m/Ma and 10 m, 0.3 m/Ma and 1 290 m, 161.3 m/Ma, respectively. The paleotemperature and cooling rate are 100-60 ℃, 0.70 ℃/Ma and 60-50 ℃, 0.22 ℃/Ma and 50-25 ℃, 2.90 ℃/Ma, respectively. Three stages of exhumation-cooling since Late Cretaceous of the Triassic in the Binxian area were recovered:97-40 Ma, increasing exhumation-cooling (130-75 ℃), cooling rate of 0.96 ℃/Ma, exhumation rate of 14.4 m/Ma, erosion thickness of 820 m; 40-8 Ma with little changed as 75-70 ℃, exhumation rate/cooling rate, 0.16 ℃/Ma and 1.9 m/Ma, erosion thickness of 60 m; 8 Ma to the present with sharp cooling as 70-31 ℃, exhumation rate of 125 m/Ma, cooling rate of 4.88 ℃/Ma, erosion thickness of 1 000 m, respectively. There are three stages for the exhumation-cooling history of the oil shale (Triassic in the Binxian-Tongchuan area). The Eocene (40 Ma) and the Late Miocene (8 Ma) are the critical moments for the cooling of the oil shale during its mineralization. More attention should be paid to the differences of exhumation, cooling, erosion between Binxian area and Tongchuan area when discussing the mineralization of the oil shale and its reformation in the Ordos basin.
- thermochronology /
- Ordos basin /
- (U-Th)/He /
- Weibei uplift /
- oil shale /
- fission track /
- tectonic /
- petroleum geology

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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地彬县—铜川地区地质图

Q.第四系；J₂z.直罗组；P₂s.石盒子组；T₂e.二马营组；O₁m.马家沟组；N₂.上新统；J₁y.延安组；P₁s.山西组；T₂z.纸纺组；C.寒武系；K₁l.洛河组；T₃w.瓦窑堡组；P₁t.太原组；T₁h.和尚沟组；K₁h.华池组；T₃y.延长组；C₃t.本溪组；T₁l.刘家沟组；K₁y.宜君组；T₂t.铜川组；O₂₊₃.中上奥陶系；P₂sh.石盒子组

Fig. 1. Geological map of the Binxian-Tongchuan area, Ordos basin

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图 2 钻孔ZK900地层综合柱状图

黑色虚线条隔开3块样品的采集层段

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic column of drilling ZK900

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图 3 永参1井晚白垩世以来抬升冷却史

Fig. 3. Exhumation-cooling history since Late Cretaceous, well Yongcan1

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图 4 延长组油页岩构造热演化史

a.永参1井；b.ZK900

Fig. 4. Tectonic thermal evolution history of oil shale, Yanchang Formation

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表 1 钻孔ZK900磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄

Table 1. (U-Th)/He ages of apatite, ZK900

样品	⁴He(10^-9 mL)	±	U(mg/kg)	±	Th(mg/kg)	±	Th/U	F_t	Mass(10^-6 g)	t_U(Ma)	t_F(Ma)	±	S(10^-6 m)
ZK900-6-1	0.120 0	0.003 1	5.06	0.14	22.06	0.56	4.47	0.77	7.07	13.63	17.61	0.43	70.9
ZK900-6-2	0.958 7	0.024 0	32.15	0.87	80.71	2.02	2.58	0.71	4.56	33.83	47.58	1.06	54.5
ZK900-6-3^*	2.209 2	0.055 5	205.99	5.61	232.63	5.95	1.16	0.70	2.83	24.69	35.24	0.82	51.4
ZK900-6-4	0.304 0	0.007 7	14.44	0.40	34.39	0.93	2.44	0.68	2.83	39.22	57.38	1.25	49.7
ZK900-6-5^*	0.405 6	0.010 2	37.31	1.04	98.39	2.68	2.71	0.63	2.49	22.16	35.12	0.71	42.7
ZK900-9-1	17.408 9	0.436 0	278.67	8.01	136.74	3.83	0.50	0.79	6.93	66.54	84.54	2.37	71.0
ZK900-9-2	0.238 9	0.006 0	10.43	0.31	27.08	0.82	2.66	0.71	3.33	35.20	49.85	1.16	53.6
ZK900-9-3^*	0.049 6	0.001 3	10.46	0.35	49.29	1.47	4.83	0.57	1.09	16.97	29.52	0.58	37.7
ZK900-9-4^*	0.057 0	0.001 5	18.34	0.53	47.64	1.31	2.66	0.57	0.95	16.67	29.33	0.55	36.5
ZK900-9-5	0.149 7	0.003 8	14.59	0.42	6.11	0.18	0.43	0.76	5.41	14.26	18.79	0.51	62.7
ZK900-10-1^*	1.090 5	0.027 3	61.22	1.76	38.38	1.03	0.64	0.79	8.21	15.63	19.74	0.55	72.8
ZK900-10-2	0.242 3	0.006 1	26.49	0.83	9.74	0.32	0.38	0.70	2.46	28.27	40.35	1.06	50.3
ZK900-10-3^*	0.071 0	0.001 8	2.28	0.08	14.65	0.46	6.59	0.76	6.66	15.32	20.28	0.53	66.2
ZK900-10-4	1.975 6	0.049 5	130.76	3.59	110.20	2.84	0.86	0.75	5.04	20.66	27.46	0.70	61.7
ZK900-10-5	0.550 5	0.013 8	16.01	0.44	53.70	1.36	3.44	0.78	8.45	18.74	24.05	0.58	71.9
注：F_t为校正系数；校正年龄(F. Age)=未校正年龄(U.Age)/F_t；颗粒编号带*的数据可用于古地温恢复; Mass为单颗粒的总重量.

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表 2 永参1井YC-01样品磷灰石裂变径迹测试结果

Table 2. Apatite fission-track data of sample YC-01, well Yongcan1

N_s	N_i	S(10^-6 cm³)	t_i(Ma)	N_s	N_i	S(10^-6 cm³)	t_i(Ma)
13	84	122	28.5	102	625	123	30.1
15	61	155	45.3	21	121	153	32
5	28	90	32.9	74	590	165	23.1
41	280	128	27	11	62	137	32.7
21	145	106	26.7	30	165	106	33.5
23	120	137	35.3	22	130	245	31.2
24	96	154	46	12	100	142	22.1
16	114	155	25.9	10	64	138	28.8
注：颗粒数为16个；统计误差σ=5.802×10^-22 cm²；S为观测面积；ρ_s.²³⁸U自发裂变径迹密度，为1.950×10⁵；ρ_i.²³⁵U诱发裂变径迹密度，为1.234×10⁶；γ_si.自发径迹数和诱发径迹数之间的相关系数，为0.979；P(χ²).观测值方差与预测方差之间的概率检验，为55%；t.裂变径迹年龄，29.1±2.0 Ma，L.裂变径迹长度，10.4±2.6 μm.

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