Age and Petrogenesis of the Echeng Intrusion in Southeastern Hubei Province: Implications for Iron Mineralization
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摘要: 鄂城岩体位于鄂东南地区的最北部，是鄂东南地区的六大岩体之一.在该岩体的南缘接触带上产出了长江中下游地区最大的矽卡岩型铁矿床——程潮铁矿床.众多研究表明，程潮铁矿化与鄂城杂岩体的岩浆演化密切相关，然而目前对于成矿作用究竟是与花岗质岩还是闪长质岩有关仍存在争议.通过对鄂城杂岩体开展系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究，结果表明该岩体主要由花岗岩、石英二长岩、花岗斑岩以及小面积的闪长岩组成，最早侵位于140±1 Ma（中粒闪长岩），之后依次侵位形成了细粒闪长岩（132±2 Ma）、花岗斑岩（130±2 Ma）、花岗岩（中细粒花岗岩129±2 Ma，中粒花岗岩129±1 Ma）和石英二长岩（129±1 Ma）.根据全岩地球化学特征，鄂城杂岩体的岩石组成大致可以分为两组：（1）花岗岩类，包括花岗岩、花岗斑岩和角闪石英二长岩，钾质，具有高SiO2，低TiO2、FeOt、MnO、MgO含量等特征；（2）闪长岩类，包括中、细粒闪长岩，钠质，具有低SiO2，高TiO2、FeOt、MnO、MgO含量等特征.这些岩石均富集轻稀土元素（LREE）和大离子亲石元素（LILE，如Rb、Th等），亏损高场强元素（HFSE，如Nb、P、Ti）等，且花岗岩类具明显的负Eu异常，而闪长岩类则无此特征.在同位素组成方面，鄂城花岗岩类具有较负的全岩εNd（t）值（-11.7~-10.1）和锆石εHf（t）值（-22.91~-9.83），闪长岩类则具有稍高的全岩εNd（t）值（-7.6）和锆石εHf（t）值（-12.04~-4.69）.元素和同位素地球化学特征共同表明，鄂城花岗岩类属于高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩，且主要来源于古元古代基底物质的部分熔融作用，源区可能有少量幔源物质的加入；闪长岩类主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔，且经历了一定的分离结晶作用.年代学结果显示，鄂城花岗岩类和细粒闪长岩的侵位时间均与程潮铁矿床的主成矿期吻合.结合野外接触关系以及前人的研究，程潮铁矿化可能与上述两类岩石均密切相关.从整个鄂东南地区的成矿作用来看，随着岩浆源区壳源物质贡献的增大以及岩浆分异程度的增加，岩浆作用与铁矿化的关系也更加密切.Abstract: The Echeng pluton is one of the six large plutons in southeastern Hubei Province, which is located in the northernmost of the region. The Chengchao iron deposit, the largest skarn iron deposit in the Middle-Lower reaches of Yangtze River belt, has occurred in the southern contact zone of the Echeng pluton. Many researches have showed that the Chengchao iron mineralization was closely connected with the magma evolution of the Echeng complex, whereas whether the mineralization is related to granitic rocks or dioritic rocks is still controversial. In this paper, we present U-Pb age, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic data to provide constraints on the petrogenesis of the Echeng intrusion and discuss the relationship of magma evolution and iron mineralization. The Echeng complex mainly consists of granite, quartz monzonite, granite porphyry and small-scale diorite. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data indicates that the Echeng complex began to emplace at 140±1 Ma by medium-grained diorite phase, subsequently fine-grained diorite (132±2 Ma), granite porphyry (130±2 Ma), granite including medium-fine grained (129±2 Ma) and medium-grained (129±1 Ma) phases and quartz monzonite (129±1 Ma) were emplaced in order. According to geochemical characteristics, all the rocks can broadly be divided into two groups:(1) granitoids including granite, granite porphyry, hornblende quartz monzonite are potassic and are characterized by high SiO2, low TiO2, FeOt, MnO, MgO concentrations; (2) diorite including fine and medium grained diorites, are sodic and are characterized by low SiO2, high TiO2, FeOt, MnO, MgO concentrations. These rocks are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE) such as Rb, Th, and depleted in high field strength elements(HFSE) such as Nb, P and Ti. Moreover, the Echeng granitoids show obviously negative Eu anomalies but the diorites have no such a signature. The Echeng granitoids have more negative εNd(t) values ranging from -11.7 to -10.1 and zircon εHf(t) values ranging from -22.91 to -9.83, and the diorites have relatively high εNd(t) value (-7.6) and zircon εHf(t) values ranging from -12.04 to -4.69. The geochemical and isotopic data suggests that the Echeng granitoids belong to highly fractionated I-type granites and were mainly derived from partial melting of the Paleoproterozoic basement, possibly with the addition of a small amount of mantle-derived materials, whereas the diorites were mainly originated from the enriched lithospheric mantle, followed by a certain degree of crystallization fractionation. The new geochronological data suggests that the Echeng granitoids and fine-grained diorite broadly coeval with the main mineralization of the Chengchao iron deposit. Combining with field contact relationship and previous research results, the Chengchao iron mineralization was probably related to the Echeng granitoids and fine-grained diorite. Based on the mineralizations in southeastern Hubei Province, magmatism is more closely related to iron mineralization with the increases of differentiation degrees and crustal contributions in the magma source.
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图 1 鄂东南地区地质简图(a)和鄂城岩体地质简图(b)
1.第四系；2.晚三叠世-中侏罗世碎屑岩；3.三叠系大冶组和蒲坼组灰岩和碎屑岩；4.泥盆纪砂岩；5.志留纪碎屑岩；6.寒武纪-中三叠世碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩；7.辉长岩-石英闪长岩-花岗闪长岩；8.花岗岩；9.火山岩；10.石英二长岩；11.花岗斑岩；12.细粒闪长岩；13.地点
Fig. 1. Geological sketch for southeast Hubei Province (a) and the Echeng intrusion (b)
图 2 鄂城岩体显微图片
a.鄂城中细粒花岗岩，主要由石英和钾长石组成；b.鄂城花岗斑岩，斑晶主要由石英和钾长石组成；c.鄂城角闪石英二长岩，细粒二长结构；d.鄂城细粒闪长岩，斜长石发育聚片双晶.Kf.钾长石；Pl.斜长石；Q.石英；Bi.黑云母；Hb.普通角闪石；Spn.榍石
Fig. 2. Photomicrographs of the Echeng intrusion
图 3 鄂城岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Fig. 3. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams for the Echeng intrusion
图 4 鄂城岩体SiO2-K2O图解(a)和A/CNK-A/NK图解(b)
图a据Rollison(1993)；图b据Maniar and Piccoli(1989).与铜多金属矿床以及铁铜矿床相关的岩体数据引自Li et al.(2009)、谢桂青等(2008)、Xie et al.(2011a, 2011b)以及未发表数据
Fig. 4. SiO2 versus K2O diagram (a) and A/CNK-A/NK diagram (b) for the Echeng intrusion
图 6 鄂城岩体(a, b, c, d)以及鄂东南地区与铜多金属矿(e, f)和铁铜矿(g, h)相关的岩体稀土元素配分图解和微量元素蛛网图
原始地幔和球粒陨石标准值均引自Sun and McDonough(1989)；引用数据来源同图 4
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive mantle normalized element spider diagrams for the Echeng intrusion (a, b, c, d) and plutons related to copper polymetallic (e, f) and iron-copper deposits (g, h) in southeastern Hubei Province
图 7 鄂东南地区晚中生代岩浆岩年龄直方图
数据引自Li et al.(2009, 2014)、Li et al.(2010)、Xie et al.(2006, 2011a, 2011b, 2012)、本文以及未发表数据
Fig. 7. Age histograms of Late Mesozoic magmatism in southeastern Hubei Province
图 8 鄂城花岗岩类的(a)10 000×(Ga/Al)-(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y), (b) FeOt/MgO-10 000×Ga/Al, (c) Zr-10 000×(Ga/Al)和(d)Zr/Hf-Nb/Ta图
图 8a, 8b, 8c据Whalen et al.(1987)；图 8d据吴福元等(2017)；OGT. I, S&M型花岗岩；FG.高分异的Ⅰ型花岗岩
Fig. 8. (a) 10 000×(Ga/Al) vs. (Zr+Nb+Ce+Y), (b) FeOt/MgO vs. 10 000×Ga/Al, (c) Zr vs. 10 000×(Ga/Al) and (d) Zr/Hf vs. Nb/Ta diagrams of the Echeng granitoids
图 10 鄂城岩体(87Sr/86Sr)i-εNd(t)图
DMM.亏损地幔单元；EM(Ⅰ, Ⅱ).富集地幔单元，引自Zindler and Hart(1986)；长江中下游地区早白垩纪基性岩引自Yan et al.(2008)；上地壳引自Taylor and McLennan(1985)；扬子下地壳引自Jahn et al.(1999)；崆岭杂岩和大别山变质岩引自Ma et al.(2000)；与铜多金属矿床和铁铜矿床相关的侵入岩数据来源同图 4
Fig. 10. Initial (87Sr/86Sr)i vs. εNd(t) diagram of the Echeng intrusion
图 11 鄂城岩体花岗岩类(a)Ba/Zr-Ba和(b)La/Sm-La图解
Fig. 11. (a) Ba/Zr vs. Ba and (b) La/Sm vs. La diagrams of the Echeng granitoids
图 12 鄂城岩体花岗岩类的铝饱和指数(A/CNK)-锆石饱和温度图解
锆石饱和温度据Watson and Harrison(1983)方法计算.华南高分异I型花岗岩据Li et al.(2007b)；北喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩据Zhang et al.(2004)
Fig. 12. A/CNK vs. Zircon saturaton temperature diagram of the Echeng granitoids
图 13 鄂城闪长岩的(a)Rb-Ni和(b)La-La/Sm图
Fig. 13. (a) Rb vs. Ni and (b) La vs. La/Sm diagrams of the Echeng diorites
图 14 鄂城岩体以及鄂东南地区与铜多金属矿床和铁铜矿床相关的侵入岩的锆石εHf(t)直方图
与铜多金属矿床以及铁铜矿床相关的侵入岩数据引自Xie et al.(2011a, 2011b)以及未发表数据
Fig. 14. Histograms of zircon εHf(t) values for the Echeng complex and intrusions related to copper polymetallic deposits and Fe-Cu deposits
图 15 鄂东南地区与成矿作用相关的岩体的分异指数对比
与铜多金属矿床以及铁铜矿床相关的岩体数据引自Li et al.(2009)；谢桂青等(2008)；Xie et al.(2011a, 2011b)以及未发表数据
Fig. 15. Differentiation index diagram of intrusions related to mineralizations in southeastern Hubei Province
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