Major Types, Mineralization and Potential Prospecting Areas in Western Section of the Gangdise Metallogenic Belt, Tibet
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摘要: 在前人已有成果基础上, 通过大量的野外地质调查与室内综合研究, 初步论述了冈底斯成矿带西段的金属矿床类型、时空分布特征和成矿作用, 探讨了下一步找矿方向.研究结果表明, 冈底斯成矿带西段金属矿床(点)类型主要有矽卡岩型、斑岩型和浅成低温热液型, 矿床在空间分布上具有东西成带, 相对集中的特征, 成矿时代集中于中、新生代.依据矿床成因及成矿动力学背景, 冈底斯成矿带西段有5期关键成矿作用, 分别为晚三叠世-晚白垩世与新特提斯洋北向俯冲有关的铜金多金属成矿作用、中侏罗世-早白垩世与中特提斯洋南向俯冲有关的铁铜金多金属成矿作用、早白垩世末-晚白垩世末与羌塘-拉萨地块碰撞有关的铜金钼成矿作用、晚白垩世末-始新世与印度-亚洲大陆碰撞有关的铜铅锌银多金属成矿作用、渐新世末-中新世与印度-亚洲大陆后碰撞伸展有关的铜金钼多金属成矿作用.冈底斯成矿带西段优势矿种是铜、铁、铅锌、金银等, 主攻矿床类型为矽卡岩型矿床、浅成低温热液型矿床和斑岩型矿床等.Abstract: Based on previous findings, in this study we conducted field and indoor investigations. We discusses deposit types, spatial and temporal distribution and associated characteristics, metallogenesis, and future prospecting direction of the metallic ore deposits in western Gangdese metallogenic belt (GMB). The results indicate that the metallic ore deposits (or ore spots) in the GMB are composed mainly of skarn-, porphyry-and epithermal-type deposits. These deposits spatially occur along a W-E trending belt and formed within Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The GMB can be divided into five critical periods according to deposit genesis and dynamic settings, including:(1) copper-gold polymetallic mineralization during Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous associated with Neo-Tethys northward subduction; (2) iron-copper-gold polymetallic mineralization during Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous associated with Middle-Tethys southward subduction; (3) copper-gold-molybdenum polymetallic mineralization during early of Late Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous associated with collision between Qiangtang and Lhasa blocks; (4) copper-lead-zinc-silver polymetallic mineralization during late of Late Cretaceous to Eocene associated with collision between Asian and Indian continents; and (5) copper-gold-molybdenum polymetallic mineralization during Miocene associated with extension following collision between Asian and Indian continents. Prominent minerals in the GMB are copper, iron, lead-zinc, gold-silver, etc.
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图 1 冈底斯成矿带西段矿产地质略图
1.新近纪侵入岩；2.古近纪侵入岩；3.白垩纪侵入岩；4.侏罗纪侵入岩；5.三叠纪侵入岩；6.古近系林子宗群火山岩；7.蛇绿岩混杂带；8.铁矿床；9.铅锌矿床；10.铜矿床；11.铜金矿床；12.金矿床；13.矿床名称及成岩/成矿时代；图b中, ABT.昂龙岗日-班戈-腾冲岩浆弧带；SSJ.狮泉河-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带；CS.措勤-申扎岩浆弧带；LC.隆格尔-措麦断裂带；LG.隆格尔-工布江达复合岛弧带；LM.洛巴堆-米拉山断裂带；LGX.冈底斯火山岩浆弧带；DLJ.打加南-拉马野加-江当乡断裂；SGT.日喀则弧前盆地；图a中, ABT.昂龙岗日-班戈-腾冲岩浆弧带；SSJ.狮泉河-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带；CS.措勤-申扎岩浆弧带；LC.隆格尔-措麦断裂带；LG.隆格尔-工布江达复合岛弧带；LM.洛巴堆-米拉山断裂带；LGX.冈底斯火山岩浆弧带；DLJ.打加南-拉马野加-江当乡断裂；SGT.日喀则弧前盆地
Fig. 1. Mineral resources geological map of the western section of the Gangdise metallogenic belt
图 2 冈底斯成矿带西段地质构造与成矿演化
1.鲁尔玛斑岩型铜矿床；2.雄村-洞嘎斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金成矿系统；3.桑日群中浅成低温热液型铜金多金属矿床；4.尼雄等矽卡岩型铁矿床；5.住浪等则弄群中的浅成低温热液型铜金多金属矿床；6.天宫尼勒矽卡岩型金矿床；7.拨拉杂铜金矽卡岩-斑岩型铜金钼成矿系统；8.布东拉浅成低温热液型金矿床；9.斯弄多等浅成低温热液型铅锌(银)矿床；10.查个勒等矽卡岩型铅锌矿床；11.达若斑岩型铜矿床；12.吉如等斑岩型铜金矿床；13.罗布真-红山斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金成矿系统；14.朱诺等斑岩型铜金矿床
Fig. 2. Summary of the geotectonic and metallogenic evolution of western Gangdise metallogenic belt
表 1 冈底斯成矿带西段代表性矿床成岩成矿时代
Table 1. Diagenetic and metallogenic epoch of representative ore deposits in the western Gangdese metallogenic belt
矿区 矿床类型 岩石/矿石 测试对象 测试方法 年龄(Ma) 资料来源 雄村铜金矿床 斑岩型 凝灰岩 锆石 SHRIMP 176 ± 5 Tang et al., 2015 石英闪长玢岩 锆石 SHRIMP 173 ± 3 铜金矿石 辉钼矿 Re-Os 173.2 ± 2.7 朱诺铜金矿床 斑岩型 花岗斑岩 锆石 SHRIMP 15.6 ± 0.6 Zheng et al., 2007 矿石 辉钼矿 Re-Os 13.72 ± 0.62 斯弄多铅锌银多金属矿床 浅成低温热液型 流纹斑岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 64.18 ± 0.73 丁帅等, 2017 花岗斑岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 68.2 ± 0.32 查个勒铅锌矿床 矽卡岩型 矿石 辉钼矿 Re-Os 61.49 ± 0.60 高顺宝, 2015 花岗斑岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 63.18 ± 0.77 帮布勒铁铅锌矿床* 矽卡岩型 石英斑岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 76.34 ± 0.83 黄鹏程等, 2015 纳如松多铅锌矿床 浅成低温热液型 矿石 绢云母 Ar-Ar 57.81 ± 0.66 纪现华等, 2014 石英正长斑岩 锆石 SHRIMP 62.54 ± 0.77 尼雄铁矿床 矽卡岩型 矿石 金云母 Ar-Ar 112.3 于玉帅等, 2012 花岗闪长岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 113.6 ± 1.6 二长花岗岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 112.6 ± 1.6 隆格尔铁矿床* 矽卡岩型 二长花岗岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 115.5 ± 2.1 费凡等, 2015 鲁尔玛铜矿床 斑岩型 石英二长斑岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 212 ± 1 刘洪等, 待发表 矿石 辉钼矿 Re-Os 212 ± 3 罗布真金银多金属矿床 浅成低温热液型 矿石 石英 Rb-Sr 21.1 ± 1.8 黄瀚霄等, 待发表 达若铜矿床* 斑岩型 英安斑岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 63 李红梁等, 待发表 日阿铜金矿床 矽卡岩型 矿石 金云母 Ar-Ar 87.69 ± 0.64 辛洪波和曲晓明, 2006 黑云母花岗岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 89.9 ± 1.6 夏垅铅锌银矿床 引爆角砾岩型 矿石 绢云母 Ar-Ar 23.56 ± 0.22 赵晓燕等, 2013 龙根铅锌矿床* 矽卡岩型 二长花岗斑岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 61.4 ± 1.2 段志明等, 2014 江拉昂宗铜多金属矿床 矽卡岩型 角闪花岗岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 86 ± 1 Liu et al., 2018 矿石 绢云母 Ar-Ar 85 ± 1 天宫尼勒金矿床* 矽卡岩型 花岗闪长岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 102.6 ± 1.8 黄瀚霄等, 2012 拨拉杂铜钼矿床 斑岩+矽卡岩型 二长花岗斑岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 88.0 ± 1.6 黄瀚霄等, 2013; 余红霞等, 2011 矿石 辉钼矿 Re-Os 88.8 ± 1.5 哥布弄巴铁及多金属矿床 矽卡岩型 细粒二长花岗岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 59.1 ± 0.75 高顺宝, 2015 矽卡岩 白云母 Ar-Ar 59.22 ± 0.61 红山铜矿床 斑岩型 矿石 辉钼矿 Re-Os 23 黄瀚霄等, 待发表 花岗斑岩 锆石 LA-ICP-MS 24 ± 1 注：*.矿床缺少精确的成矿年龄, 本文用与成矿相关的花岗岩成岩年龄近似代表矿床成矿年龄. 
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