The Relationship between the Paleo-Pressure Gradient and Hydrocarbon Containing of Paleogene Strata in the Bonan Sag
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摘要: 为揭示古压力衰减梯度与含油气性的本质关系，以渤南洼陷沙三段为研究对象，以流体包裹体均一温度和冰点测试技术恢复的古压力数值作为过程控制，利用盆地模拟法恢复研究区主成藏期压力分布特征，并分析古压力梯度与含油气性的内在关系.研究表明，研究区主要油气成藏期（4.2 Ma至今）存在明显的超压，其中沙三下亚段古压力梯度高于沙三中亚段；古压力梯度高值区多发育于深洼带，近源区的断阶带和陡坡带的古压力梯度值变化相对平缓，缓坡带的古压力梯度值普遍较低.古压力梯度与含油气性关系密切：沙三下亚段源区古压力梯度高值区含油性好，沙三中亚段随古压力梯度增高油气显示变弱，油气环中心分布；近源区高古压力梯度代表较强的成藏动力，油气连片分布；远源区古压力梯度与含油气性关系较弱.Abstract: This study focuses on the characteristics of paleo-pressure gradient. Taking the Es3 in the Bonan sag as the research object,the paleo-pressure values of fluid inclusion uniform temperature and freezing point test technology were used as process control,and the basin simulation method was used to restore the pressure distribution characteristics during the reservoir period,on basis of which the paleo-pressure gradient of Es3z and Es3x in the Bonan sag were calculated,the distribution characteristics of the paleo-pressure gradient in the target stratum of the study area were revealed,and finally the relationship between paleopressure gradient and hydrocarbon containing was determined. The results show that the overpressure developed in the Bonan sag during the main hydrocarbon migration stage(4.2 Ma-now),paleo-pressure gradient of Es3x is higher than that of Es3z. As different structural zones,the high paleo-pressure gradient is often developed in the Bonan sag which is the active source area.The values of paleo-pressure gradient of Boshen 4 stepped belt and North steep slope are relatively gentle.The paleo-pressure gradient in South gentle slope is generally low. In the source area of the Es3x where the paleo-pressure gradient shows high hydrocarbon potential,and the Es3z where the hydrocarbon is distributed circularly around the center,this relationship is opposite. The high paleo-pressure gradient in the near source area represents a strong reservoir-forming power,and the hydrocarbon is distributed continuously.The relationship between the paleo-pressure gradient and the hydrocarbon potential in the far source area is weak.
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Key words:
- Bonan sag /
- paleo-pressure recovery /
- paleo-pressure gradient /
- hydrocarbon containing /
- oil-gas geology
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图 2 渤南洼陷储层流体包裹体镜下分布及荧光特征
a.义284井(×500，透射光)，3 683.30 m，石英内部零星分布的烃类包裹体；b.义284井(×500，荧光)，3 683.30 m，石英内部零星分布的呈蓝色荧光的烃类包裹体；c.义127井(×200，透射光)，2 733.43 m，石英内部裂缝中条带状的烃类包裹体；d.义127井(×200，荧光)，2 733.43 m，石英内部裂缝中条带状的呈黄绿色荧光的烃类包裹体；e.义282井(×500，透射光)，3 469.50 m，穿石英裂缝中条带状分布的烃类包裹体；f.义282井(×500，荧光)，3 469.50 m，穿石英裂缝中条带状的呈黄色荧光的烃类包裹体
Fig. 2. The microscopic characteristics of fluid inclusions in the Bonan sag
图 3 渤南洼陷不同荧光颜色烃类与盐水包裹体均一温度分布直方图(a.烃类包裹体、b.盐水包裹体)
Fig. 3. Homogenization temperature of hydrocarbon and salt water inclusions with various fluorescence in the Bonan sag
图 4 渤南洼陷不同期次伴生盐水包裹体均一温度分布直方图及均一温度与冰点关系
Fig. 4. Homogenization temperature of various mineralization salt water inclusions and the relationship between freezing point and homogenization temperature in the Bonan sag
图 5 渤南洼陷沙三中亚段古压力平面分布特征
Fig. 5. Characteristics of paleo-stress plane distribution in Es3z, Bonan sag
图 6 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段古压力平面分布特征
Fig. 6. Characteristics of Paleo-stress plane distribution in Es3x, Bonan sag
图 7 沙三中亚段与沙三下亚段古压力梯度柱状图
a.沙三中亚段不同构造带古压力梯度；b.沙三中亚段不同构造带古压力梯度平均值；c.沙三下亚段不同构造带古压力梯度；d.沙三下亚段不同构造带古压力梯度平均值
Fig. 7. Plat image of Paleo-pressure gradient in Es3z and Es3x, Bonan sag
图 10 渤南洼陷沙三中亚段不同构造带古压力梯度与含油性关系图
Fig. 10. Relationship between paleo-pressure gradient and hydrocarbon containing in Es3z, Bonan sag
图 11 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段不同构造带古压力梯度与含油性关系图
Fig. 11. Relationship between paleo-pressure gradient and hydrocarbon containing in Es3x, Bonan sag
表 1 渤南洼陷烃类包裹体古压力恢复数据表
Table 1. Paleo-pressure and the test data of fluid inclusions in some reservoirs, Bonan sag
井号 深度(m) 层位 岩性描述 是否有烃类包裹体 均一温度(℃) 冰点(℃) 含盐度(%) 古压力(MPa) 古埋深(m) 古压力系数 义117 3 416.50 Es3x 泥岩 √ 114.30 -2.2 3.71 32.88 2 560.53 1.35 义117 3 416.50 Es3x 泥岩 √ 115.60 -2.5 4.18 32.82 2 594.74 1.32 义117 3 416.50 Es3x 泥岩 √ 117.60 -2.3 3.87 32.62 2 647.37 1.29 义284 3 683.30 Es3x 泥质砂岩 √ 125.60 -7.8 11.46 33.11 2 857.89 1.16 义284 3 683.30 Es3x 泥质砂岩 √ 114.30 -4.9 7.73 33.38 2 780.00 1.22 义284 3 685.80 Es3x 细砂岩 √ 116.20 -3.6 5.86 32.99 2 834.29 1.20 义284 3 685.80 Es3x 细砂岩 √ 115.80 -3.6 5.86 33.02 2 822.86 1.21 义173 3 492.00 Es3z 泥质粉砂岩 √ 102.30 -7.5 11.10 34.68 2 437.14 1.40 义173 3 492.00 Es3z 泥质粉砂岩 √ 126.70 -5.2 8.14 32.49 3 134.29 1.06 义173 3 492.00 Es3z 泥质粉砂岩 √ 111.20 -2.9 4.80 33.28 2 691.43 1.28 义172 3 074.60 Es3z 泥岩 √ 107.75 -13.9 17.70 35.17 2 592.83 1.28 义172 3 074.60 Es3z 泥岩 √ 105.70 -5.4 8.41 34.13 2 534.29 1.36 义127 2 733.43 Es3x 泥岩 √ 121.66 -9.1 12.96 33.61 2 990.31 1.11 义127 2 733.43 Es3x 泥岩 √ 113.90 -6.9 10.36 33.75 2 768.45 1.22 义121 3 474.15 Es3z 含砾砂岩 √ 102.96 -5.8 8.95 34.40 2 455.87 1.40 义121 3 474.15 Es3z 含砾砂岩 √ 104.80 -0.7 1.19 33.53 2 508.57 1.40 义284 3 568.40 Es3z 含砾砂岩 √ 120.60 -9.7 13.62 33.79 2 726.32 1.22 义284 3 568.40 Es3z 含砾砂岩 √ 121.40 -8.3 12.05 33.48 2 747.31 1.21 义282 3 469.50 Es3x 泥质砂岩 √ 108.73 -8.5 12.28 34.37 2 620.98 1.29 义282 3 469.50 Es3x 泥质砂岩 √ 113.90 -6.5 9.86 33.69 2 768.49 1.22 义282 3 469.50 Es3x 泥质砂岩 √ 116.00 -3.2 5.26 32.93 2 828.58 1.21 义173 3 689.50 Es3x 泥质粉砂岩 √ 130.71 -3.7 6.01 31.85 2 992.31 1.11 义173 3 689.50 Es3x 泥质粉砂岩 √ 132.37 -7.1 10.61 32.51 3 036.12 1.08 义172 3 342.50 Es3z 含砾砂岩 √ 136.56 -6.8 10.24 32.15 3 146.36 1.04 渤深4 3 635.40 Es3x 砂质泥岩 √ 134.60 -3.4 5.54 34.74 2 813.40 1.26 渤深4 3 635.40 Es3x 砂质泥岩 √ 128.90 -3.6 5.86 34.58 2 892.27 1.22 
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表 2 渤南洼陷沙三中、沙三下亚段不同构造带古压力梯度数据表
Table 2. Paleo-pressure gradient in different structural zones in Es3z and Es3x of the Bonan sag
构造带 井区 层位 古压力1 (MPa) 古压力2 (MPa) 距离(m) 古压力梯度(MPa/km) 深洼带 义124 Es3z 34.08 33.57 312.90 1.63 渤深5 Es3z 33.41 34.63 1 008.20 1.21 义173 Es3z 32.47 32.01 522.70 0.88 义83 Es3z 32.34 31.46 1 294.10 0.68 义121 Es3z 33.94 33.05 700.80 1.27 义120 Es3z 34.57 33.54 1 609.40 0.64 义289 Es3z 32.49 31.76 1 327.20 0.55 义124 Es3x 32.97 32.83 583.30 0.24 渤深5 Es3x 33.31 33.12 141.80 1.34 义173 Es3x 33.44 33.05 375.00 1.04 义83 Es3x 35.03 34.57 884.60 0.52 义121 Es3x 35.32 34.67 389.20 1.67 义120 Es3x 34.57 34.01 811.60 0.69 陡坡带 义284 Es3z 31.56 31.50 285.70 0.21 义282 Es3z 30.13 29.61 812.50 0.64 义286 Es3z 31.94 30.86 1 333.30 0.81 义88 Es3z 31.41 30.98 573.30 0.75 义107 Es3z 31.06 30.77 224.80 1.29 义282 Es3x 34.39 33.04 1 666.70 0.81 义286 Es3x 33.78 33.04 1 298.20 0.57 义88 Es3x 34.11 33.57 867.10 0.63 义107 Es3x 34.51 34.02 636.40 0.77 断阶带 义172 Es3z 33.49 33.01 33.01 0.35 义77 Es3z 34.19 33.53 33.53 0.79 义100 Es3z 34.31 33.69 33.69 1.21 义102 Es3z 34.12 33.55 780.80 0.73 义56 Es3z 33.26 32.97 439.40 0.66 义47 Es3z 34.03 33.54 308.20 1.59 义17 Es3z 33.34 33.03 968.70 0.32 义66 Es3z 33.45 32.94 809.50 0.63 义102 Es3z 33.58 33.05 1 232.30 0.43 义172 Es3x 34.65 34.53 352.90 0.34 义67 Es3x 33.29 33.04 1 086.90 0.23 断阶带 义100 Es3x 34.46 34.03 632.35 0.68 义102 Es3x 33.57 33.03 439.00 1.23 义56 Es3x 33.77 33.09 527.10 1.29 缓坡带 义128 Es3z 33.67 32.94 2 607.10 0.28 义125 Es3z 33.59 33.12 1 566.70 0.3 义126 Es3z 33.57 33.02 696.20 0.79 义113 Es3z 33.42 33.24 6 666.70 0.27 罗111 Es3z 33.30 33.07 1 277.80 0.18 罗67 Es3z 32.03 31.58 1 363.60 0.33 义128 Es3x 33.66 33.21 1 071.40 0.42 义125 Es3x 33.73 33.40 1 178.60 0.28 义126 Es3x 33.41 33.02 951.20 0.41 义113 Es3x 33.08 32.76 711.10 0.45 罗111 Es3x 33.23 33.11 375.00 0.32 罗67 Es3x 33.50 33.43 101.40 0.69
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