Zircon U-Pb Ages and Hf Isotope Characteristics of the Volcanic Rocks from Queershan Group in the Hazhudongshan Area of Beishan, Inner Mongolia and Their Geological Significance
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摘要: 北山地区是研究古亚洲洋最终闭合过程的热点地区之一.前人对红石山-百合山-蓬勃山蛇绿混杂岩带的研究多集中在其俯冲作用的时限、极性及相关的石炭纪火山岩的源区及构造属性上，而对该蛇绿混杂岩带北侧出露的泥盆纪火山岩的构造背景和岩浆演化过程研究较为薄弱.对哈珠东山地区泥盆系雀儿山群哈珠组火山岩开展了岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究，结果表明：哈珠东山地区雀儿山群哈珠组火山岩形成于中泥盆世晚期（386.9±1.7 Ma），属低钾拉斑-钙碱性系列，具富钠、低钾特征，微量元素亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素，推测其形成于洋壳俯冲的岛弧环境，可能为古亚洲洋向南持续俯冲的产物.流纹岩锆石Hf同位素组成较为均一，εHf（t）值为+4.4~+15.0，二阶段Hf模式年龄为424~1 109 Ma，表明流纹岩源于早古生代-中新元古代新生年轻地壳的重熔.而安山岩岩浆源区为俯冲消减板片流体交代的地幔楔，岩浆上升中经历了一定的分离结晶作用和上地壳物质的同化混染.综合前人区域研究成果，红石山-百合山-蓬勃山洋的发育应形成于晚泥盆世之后雀儿山弧后盆地的扩张环境.Abstract: The Beishan orogenic belt has always been one of study hotspots on the time of closure of the Paleoasian Ocean. Previous studies on the Hongshishan-Baiheshan-Pengboshan ophiolite mélange belt are more focused on a direct constraint on the time of the oceanic subduction, subduction polarity, and the origin and structural attributes of Carboniferous volcanic rocks, resulting in a lack of understanding of the tectonic setting and magmatic evolution of the Devonian volcanic rocks. In this paper, we present new detailed petrologic, geochemical, U-Pb ages and Hf isotope analyses on the Devonian volcanic rocks from the Hazhu formation of the Queershan Group in the Hazhudongshan area of Beishan. Combining with the previous works in this region, our study reveals that the volcanic rocks from the Hazhu Formation of the Queershan Group from Hazhudongshan formed in the Middle Devonian (386.9±1.7 Ma), which is characterized by enriched Na and low K of the low potassium tholeiite to calc-alkaline series. In the aspect of trace elements, these rocks are depleted in high field strength elements of Nb, Ta, P and Ti. These rocks were probably formed in the island arc environment, representing products of the southward subduction of the Paleoasian Ocean. The εHf(t) values of the rhyolite sample are uniform, ranging from 4.4 to 15, with the two-stage Hf model ages between 424 Ma and 1 109 Ma. Thus, the rhyolite of Queershan Group should be derived from partial melting of Early Paleozoic and Meso-Neoproterozoic juvenile crust. However, the magma of andesite of Queershan Group is derived from depleted mantel wedge metasomatized by fluid from subducted plate. Meanwhile the product created by the rising magma has experienced a certain fractional crystallization and assimilation and contamination of upper crustal material. According to previous regional geological studies, the Hongshishan-Baiheshan-Pengboshan ocean should be formed in the extension setting of a Queershan back-arc basin after the Late Devonian.
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图 1 哈珠东山地区地质简图
图a据杨合群等(2010)；图b据中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心, 2016, 内蒙古1:5万哈珠等四幅区域地质矿产图修编；1.第四系；2.新近系苦泉组；3.下白垩统赤金堡组；4.石炭系白山组；5.下石炭统绿条山组；6.中泥盆统雀儿山群哈珠组；7.中泥盆统雀儿山群清河沟组；8.早二叠世正长花岗岩；9.早二叠世斑状二长花岗岩；10.晚石炭世二长花岗岩；11.晚石炭世英云闪长岩；12.晚石炭世花岗闪长岩；13.晚石炭世闪长岩；14.整合界线；15.角度不整合界线；16.断层；17.采样点及样品号
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of Hazhudongshan area
图 2 雀儿山群火山岩野外露头和显微照片
a、d.安山岩；b、e.英安岩；c、f.流纹岩；Di.透辉石；Pl.斜长石；Q.石英
Fig. 2. Field outcrop and microphotographs of the volcanic rocks from Queershan Group
图 3 雀儿山群流纹岩样品TW2904-1锆石阴极发光图像及分析点和年龄
实线圈代表U-Pb年龄测试位置；虚线圈代表Lu-Hf同位素测试位置
Fig. 3. CL images of the zircons from the rhyolite sample TW2904-1 of the Queershan Group, showing the analyzed spots and their ages
图 4 雀儿山群流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图与加权平均年龄
Fig. 4. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram and weighted mean age of the rhyolite from Queershan Group
图 5 雀儿山群火山岩104Zr/TiO2-SiO2图解(a)和AFM图解(b)
图a据Winchester and Floyd(1977)；图b据Irvine et al.(1971)
Fig. 5. 104Zr/TiO2-SiO2 (a) and AFM (b) diagrams for the volcanic rocks of Queershan Group
图 6 雀儿山群火山岩球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式(a)和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)
标准化数据引自Sun and McDonough(1989)
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergrams (b) of the volcanic rocks from Queershan Group
图 8 雀儿山群火山岩Sm/Yb-Sm判别图解
据Aldanmaz et al.(2000)；DM.亏损地幔，PM.原始地幔，WAM.西安纳托尼亚地幔，gt-Iherzolite.石榴石二辉橄榄岩，sp-Iherzolite.尖晶石二辉橄榄岩
Fig. 8. Sm/Yb vs. Sm diagram of the volcanic rocks from Queershan Group
图 9 雀儿山群安山岩2Nb-Zr/4-Y图解(a)和Hf/3-Th-Ta图解(b)
图a据Meschede(1986)；图b据Wood(1980).AI.板内碱性玄武岩；AII.板内碱性玄武岩和板内拉斑玄武岩；A.N型MORB；B.E型MORB；C.板内拉斑玄武岩和火山弧玄武岩；D.N型MORB和火山弧玄武岩
Fig. 9. 2Nb-Zr/4-Y and Hf/3-Th-Ta diagrams for the andesite of Queershan Group
图 10 雀儿山群流纹岩Rb-Y+Nb图解(a)和Nb-Y图解(b)
图a, b据Pearce et al.(1984)；VAG.火山弧花岗岩；ORG.洋脊花岗岩；WPG.板内花岗岩；Syn-COLG.同碰撞花岗岩
Fig. 10. Rb-Y+Nb and Nb-Y diagrams for the rhyolite of Queershan Group
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