Coupling Characteristics between Episodic Hydrocarbon Expulsion and Fault Throw Increase for Middle-Shallow Formations in Songliao Basin
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摘要: 超压盆地幕式排烃作用是盆地流体研究中热点问题，而源岩内排烃生长断层的报道很少.研究表明松辽盆地凹陷中央主力烃源岩青山口组发育排烃生长断层，这些浅层生长断层形成于嫩江组末期至明水组末期.这种排烃生长断层的形成机制是幕式排烃过程中由于"泵压效应"使含烃流体从源岩向储集层注入的结果.当源岩过剩压力达到源岩破裂极限时，源岩发生断裂或使原有断层再次开启增长，含烃流体发生向下或向上部储层的排烃作用，随着烃类的排出，过剩压力不断减小，排烃过程趋于停止伴随超压流体释放，研究区呈现向下排烃、向上排烃和上下双向排烃3种样式，由于这一排烃过程是多次出现的，随着多次反复的排烃，排烃断层的断距也不断增长，导致排烃期与断层断距增长具有良好的耦合关系，研究成果为超压封存箱上下层油气勘探提供了新的思路.Abstract: The episodic hydrocarbon expulsion of overpressure basin is a hot issue in basin fluid research, there are few reports on hydrocarbon-bearing growth faults in source rocks. The study shows that the Qingshankou Formation, the main source rock of the central part of the Songliao basin, develops a hydrocarbon expulsion growth fault, these mid-shallow growth faults were formed at the end of the Nenjiang Formation to the end of the Mingshui Formation. When the excess pressure or overpressure of the source rock reached the bursting limit of the rock, the fractures appeared in the source rock or made the original fault open and grown, the hydrocarbon-bearing fluids were expelled towards the reservoirs either downward or upward, with the expulsion of hydrocarbons, the overpressure decreased gradually, the expelled process tended to be suspended and showed as the lower overpressure belt for the time being. When the source rock excess pressure reaches the source rock fracture limit, the source rock breaks or causes the original fault to start to grow again, the hydrocarbon-bearing fluid undergoes a hydrocarbon expulsion to the lower or upper reservoir, with the discharge of hydrocarbons, excessive pressure is decreasing. The hydrocarbon expulsion process tends to stop, with the release of overpressure fluid, the study area presents three types of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons, upward hydrocarbons, and upper and lower hydrocarbons, since this hydrocarbon expulsion process occurs multiple times, with the repeated increase in hydrocarbon emissions, the fault distance of the hydrocarbon expulsion fault is also growing. Therefore, the hydrocarbon expulsion period has a good coupling relationship with the fault break growth period. The research results provide a new idea for oil and gas exploration in the upper and lower layers of the overpressure storage tank.
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图 1 古11井位模拟青山口组泥岩过剩压力随埋深演化曲线
Fig. 1. Evolved curve of the mudstone excess pressure in Qingshankou Formation of Well Gu-11
图 2 古龙-三肇地区扶余油层顶面构造
Fig. 2. Top structures of Fuyu oil reservoir in Gulong-Sanzhao region
图 4 向下排烃样式，指示超压流体向下挤压过程
a.排烃前；b.排烃后
Fig. 4. Type of hydrocarbons discharged downward, indicating overpressure fluid extrusion process
图 5 向上排烃样式，指示超压向上拱张然后泄压后向下塌陷过程
a.排烃前；b.排烃后
Fig. 5. Type of hydrocarbons discharged upwards, indicating overpressure upward arch- after the pressure relief process then collapse downwardly
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