Characteristics of the Tectonic Stress Field of the South-North Oriented Fault of the Langshan Mountain Region of Inner Mongolia and Its Relationship with Regional Tectonic Evolution
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摘要: 内蒙古狼山地区断裂构造十分复杂，主要发育有南北、东西、北东和北西走向的断裂构造.从南北向断裂的几何形态、运动性质、构造应力场特征入手进行研究，结合野外实地调查与测量，运用极射赤平投影方法，求出构造应力场的主应力轴方位，进而对本区的构造演化进行了探讨.初步认为，研究区发育的近南北向断裂至少受到过两期构造应力场的作用，第一期是在晚二叠世，由于华北克拉通向北、西伯利亚板块向南活动而形成碰撞拼贴运动所产生的近南北向近水平挤压构造应力场，此时构造应力场的主应力轴σ1为北偏东10°左右，向北倾伏，倾伏角为15°~20°.在这一期构造应力场的作用下，狼山地区发育了一套破裂系统，它们分别表现为近东西走向的挤压构造带和逆断层、近北东走向的以左行为主的走滑断层、近北西走向的以右行为主的走滑断层以及近南北走向的张性断层.这些早期的断裂系统也制约着该区域后来的构造活动，第二期构造应力场是侏罗纪以来古太平洋板块向亚洲大陆俯冲而产生的.此构造应力场的主应力轴σ1为北西-南东向，倾伏向为150°左右，倾伏角为10°~20°.第二期构造应力场的作用，使早期南北向断裂由原来的张性破裂面转为左行走滑，早期东西向断裂转为右行走滑，早期北东向左行滑动面转为压性面和褶皱轴方向，而早期的北西向破裂面则转为张性破裂性质.Abstract: The fault structure is very complex, with several extension directions including the north-south, east-west, north-east and north-west in Langshan area, Inner Mongolia. In this study, we conducted the geometrical morphology, fault movement property and structural stress field analyses on the N-S trending fault, combining with field investigation and stereographic projection, to reveal the regional structural stress field and tectonic evolution history in Langshan area. Our preliminary results show that the N-S trending fault in the study area has experienced at least two phases of significant tectonic events. The first phase is in the Late Permian, because a collision collage movement due to the northward movement of North China Craton and the southward movement of Siberia plate produced nearly horizontal compressive tectonic stress field with principal stress axis sigma 1 for north by east 10° or so, plunging to the north, and with dip angle of 15°-20°. As aresult the Langshan mountain region developed a rupture system, which consisted of nearly east-west direction compressive tectonic belt and reverse fault, near the north-east direction of the predominantly left strike-slip faults, near north-west direction of the predominantly right lateral strike-slip faults and nearly north-south extensional fault.These first formed fault systems also have controlled and constrained subsequent tectonic activity in the region.The second phase of tectonic stress field was generated by the subduction of the palaeo-pacific plate from the Jurassic to the Asian continent.The tectonic stress field of the principal stress axis sigma 1 is northeast-southwest, plunging to about 150° and with dip angle of 10°-20°.The effect of the second phase of the tectonic stress field made the early fault tectonics move again, so that the early north-south fault was turned from the original tensile fracture plane to the left-lateral strike-slip, early east-west fracture from compressional structural surface to left-lateral strike-slip, early north-east left-lateral strike-slip surface shifted to the compressive surface and the fold extended direction. The early north-west was converted to a rupture property.
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图 2 研究区南北向断层主要分布位置
据田荣松等（2017）修改
Fig. 2. The main distribution of the north-south fault in the study area
图 3 张性破裂南北向断层剖面素描图（a1、b1、c1）、断层面擦痕（a2、b2、c2）和极射赤平投影图（a3、b3、c3）
Fig. 3. Profile sketch map of tensile fracture and N-S trending fault (a1, b1, c1); scratches of fault plane (a2, b2, c2); polar radiographic projection (a3, b3, c3)
图 4 狼山群与花岗岩断层平面素描图（a）; 南北向左行平移断层相当层（b）；花岗岩中南北向断层素描图（c、d）；花岗岩羽状张节理照片（e）；狼山群拖曳褶皱素描图（f、g）；狼山群拖曳褶皱野外照片（h）；南北向左行平移断层剖面图（i、l、o）；南北向断层带照片（j）；极射赤平投影图（k、n、q）；南北向左行平移断层擦痕照片（m、p）
Fig. 4. Plane sketch of fault in granite and Langshan Group (a); a layer of N-S scratch of left-lateral strike-slip fault (b); sketch of N-S faults in granite (c, d); picture of pinnate tension joint in granite (e); sketch of drag fold in Langshan Group (f, g); field photo of Langshan Group drag fold (h); profile map of N-S left-lateral strike-slip fault (i, l, o); N-S fault zone photograph (j); polar radiographic projection (k, n, q); photo of N-S scratch of left-lateral strike-slip (m, p)
图 5 南北向断层平面（a）；左行平移擦痕（b、h）；极射赤平投影（c、f、i、l）；南北向断层剖面（d、g、j）；断层破碎带（e、k）
Fig. 5. The floor plan of N-S fault (a); scratch of left-lateral strike-slip (b, h); polar radiographic projection (c, f, i, l); profile map of N-S fault (d, g, j); fault zone (e, k)
图 6 花岗岩与狼山群的断层接触（a、d、g）；野外断层照片（b）；左行擦痕的极射赤平投影（c、f、i、m）；南北向断层面左行擦痕（e、h、j）；派生褶皱（k）；派生褶皱两翼产状统计极密图（l）
Fig. 6. Fault contact of granite and Langshan Group (a, d, g); field photograph of fault (b); polar radiographic projection of scratches of left-lateral (c, f, i, m); scratches of left-lateral in N-S fault (e, h, j); the derived fold (k); statistical tightness diagram from the two wings occurrence of derived fold (l)
图 7 共轭节理赤平投影及应力场分析
a.狼山群岩层发育的垂直于层面的早期平面共轭X型节理；b.共轭节理极密图；c.极射赤平投影，红色为地层恢复水平后的应力场
Fig. 7. Plane projection of conjugate jointsand stress field analysis diagram
图 8 断层面赤平投影及应力场分析
a.近东西走向的逆冲断层剖面；b.断层面；c.极射赤平投影
Fig. 8. Plane projection of fault plane and stress field analysis diagram
图 9 应变椭球分析
a.第一期南北向挤压构造应力场应变椭球分析；b.第二期北西‒南东向挤压构造应力场应变椭球分析
Fig. 9. An analysis of stress field
图 10 褶皱的赤平投影及其相应应力场分析
a.褶皱剖面素描图；b.褶皱露头；c.褶皱两翼产状投影极密图；d.极射赤平投影图
Fig. 10. Plane projection of fold and its corresponding stress field analysis diagram
表 1 由共轭节理求出的主应力场
Table 1. The principal stress field obtained from conjugate joints
地层产状 主应力轴 σ1 σ2 σ3 309°∠50°（左行）、倾斜（160°∠48°） 190°∠23° 322°∠50° 86°∠30° 231°∠80°（右行）、水平状态 8°∠20° 220°∠68° 103°∠9° 
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