Quaternary Sedimentary Environment Documented by Borehole Stratigraphical Records in Eastern Jianghan Basin
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摘要: 为深刻理解江汉盆地第四纪新构造运动、气候变化与盆地沉积响应的关联，利用沔阳凹陷区第四纪典型钻孔样品进行系统岩石学、年代学与沉积学研究，首次建立了盆地东部沉积中心区可对比的地层序列.利用岩性、粒度、磁组构分析重建了研究区140万年以来依次经历的河流相、河湖交替相、湖相、河湖交替相、湖相、泛滥平原相演化过程.区域构造、沉积、气候资料综合对比表明，响应于新构造沉降，江汉盆地第四纪以来存在3大成湖期，即Qp2/Qp1之交、Qp3与Qh中后期（古云梦泽），其中MIS3以来古湖发育是新构造沉降与异常强盛夏季风的耦合，且湖相沉积的独特环境为盆地高砷地下水的形成提供了重要的物质条件.不仅为第四纪钻孔地层划分对比提供可靠基础资料，也为盆地地下资源调查与环境规划保护提供重要参考.Abstract: In order to explore the further relationship among the Quaternary neotectonic movement, climate change and sedimentary response in the Jianghan basin, a systematic study of lithology, geochronology and sedimentology was carried out using typical Quaternary boreholes in the Mianyang depression in the eastern part of the basin. A comparable sequence of Quaternary borehole strata was first established in the deposition center of the eastern Jianghan basin. A complete sedimentary evolution history of the river facies, alternation of river and lacustrine facies, lacustrine facies, alternation of river and lacustrine facies, lacustrine facies and floodplain facies was reconstructed in turn in the past 140 ka based on lithology, grain size and magnetic fabric analysis. The integrated analysis of regional tectonic movement, sedimentary evolution and climatic change shows that there occurred 3 periods of lacustrine deposition including the transition of Qp2/Qp1, Qp3, and mid-late Holocene (ancient Yunmeng lakes), respectively. Our results demonstrate that the development of paleolake since the MIS3 is related to the coupling of neotectonic subsidence and extremely strong summer monsoon. The unique environment of lacustrine deposition provides important material conditions for the formation of high-arsenic groundwater in the basin. This study not only provides reliable basic data for the stratigraphic division and correlation of Quaternary boreholes in the Jianghan basin, but also provides an important reference for underground resources investigation and environmental planning and protection.
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Key words:
- Jianghan basin /
- Quaternary /
- borehole stratigraphy /
- sedimentary response /
- neotectonic movement /
- climate change
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图 1 江汉盆地第四纪钻孔分布图
凹陷区资料引自湖北省地质调查院(2003)
Fig. 1. Distribution of Quaternary boreholes in the Jianghan basin
图 2 江汉盆地东部典型钻孔年龄-深度分布
Fig. 2. Age-depth distribution pattern of typical boreholes in the eastern Jianghan basin
图 3 江汉盆地东部沔阳凹陷第四纪钻孔地层划分对比
a方鸿琪(1959)；b杨青雄等(2016)；c引自湖北省水文地质工程地质大队(1985)；d~h为本次钻孔.岩性图例同图 2
Fig. 3. Stratigraphic division and correlation of Quaternary boreholes in the Mianyang depression, eastern Jianghan basin
图 4 Jh002孔沉积物粒度频率曲线与典型沉积相
Fig. 4. Grain size frequency curves for typical sedimentary facies of borehole Jh002
图 5 Jh002孔沉积物粒度参数分布与沉积环境演化
岩性图例同图 2
Fig. 5. Distribution of grain size parameters and evolution of sedimentary environment of borehole Jh002
图 6 Jh002孔沉积物磁组构参数分布与沉积环境演化
岩性图例同图 2
Fig. 6. Distribution of magnetic fabric parameters and evolution of sedimentary environment of borehole Jh002
图 7 江汉盆地沉积中心晚更新世古湖沉积地层对比
47孔引自施之新(1997)；周老孔张玉芬等(2005)；QU1孔杨青雄等(2016)；沙湖孔来自湖北省水文地质工程地质大队(1985)；Jh002为本次研究钻孔.岩性图例同图 2
Fig. 7. Correlation of paleolake sedimentary strata in the Late Pleistocene in the deposition center of Jianghan basin
图 8 江汉盆地MIS3以来气候变化、湖泊沉积与高砷地下水形成的关联
a引自Dykoski et al.(2005)；b~c引自南京葫芦洞石笋氧同位素(Wang et al., 2001)；d甘义群等(2014).岩性图例同图 2
Fig. 8. Correlation between climate change, lacustrine deposition and formation of high-arsenic groundwater since MIS3 in the Jianghan basin
表 1 Jh001、Jh002、YLW-01沉积物AMS14C测年结果
Table 1. AMS14C dating results of borehole sediments of Jh001, Jh002 and YLW-01
实验室编号 野外编号 深度(m) 14C年龄(a BP) 2 σ校正(cal. a BP) XA20110 JH001-14C-379 45.80 11 790±50 13 651~13 546 421874 JH002-294 22.71 12 980±50 15 710~15 320 421876 Jh002-14C-321 38.80 25 650±120 30 205~29 485 447157 YLW01-14C-6 17.00 11 080±40 13 060~12 820 
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表 2 Jh001、Jh002、YLW-01钻孔沉积物ESR测年数据
Table 2. ESR dating results of borehole sediments of Jh001, Jh002 and YLW-01
实验室号 野外编号 取样深度(m) 含水量(%) 古剂量(Ga) 年剂量(Ga/ka) 年龄(ka) 15176 Jh001-ESR-604 121.8 19.27 2 743±522 3.71 740±141 15178 Jh001-ESR-706 194.0 25.84 2 105±210 2.28 924±92 15179 Jh002-ESR-410 79.0 29.65 1 120±168 2.87 456±69 15180 Jh002-ESR-540 124.0 25.85 2 089±208 2.54 823±82 15181 Jh002-ESR-609 164.0 27.15 2 122±287 2.35 903±122 15182 Jh002-ESR-636 203.0 26.76 2 696±310 2.05 1 316±152 15183 Jh002-ESR-650 230.0 21.62 6 307±1136 3.43 1 428±142 16254 YLW01-ESR-3 74.0 19.2 1 397±139 2.78 503±50 16257 YLW01-ESR-6 141.0 18.9 2 574±257 2.68 960±96 16259 YLW01-ESR-8 176.0 17.4 2 744±305 2.69 1 020±113 16260 YLW01-ESR-9 194.0 20.2 3 256±275 2.79 1 167±116
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