滇西北普朗铜矿床高钾中-酸性侵入岩年代学及其地质意义

石洪召; 范文玉; 胡志中; 董涛; 余海军; 尹光侯

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.308

滇西北普朗铜矿床高钾中-酸性侵入岩年代学及其地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.308

石洪召^1,,
范文玉^1, ,,
胡志中^1,2,
董涛³,
余海军⁴,
尹光侯⁴

1.
中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心, 四川成都 610081
2.
国土资源部沉积盆地与油气资源重点实验室, 四川成都 610081
3.
云南省地质调查院, 云南昆明 650051
4.
云南省地质调查局, 云南昆明 650051

基金项目:

中国地质调查局项目 121201210000160007

中国地质调查局项目 121201210000160017

详细信息

作者简介:
石洪召(1983-), 女, 工程师, 硕士, 主要从事西南三江地区区域成矿规律研究

通讯作者:
范文玉

中图分类号: P597
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-04-09
- 刊出日期: 2018-08-15

Geochronology and Geological Significance of the Pulang High-K Intermediate-Acid Intrusive Rocks in the Zhongdian Area, Northwest Yunnan Province

1.
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China
2.
Key Laboratory for Sedimentary Basin and Oil and Gas Resource, MLR, Chengdu 610081, China
3.
Yunnan Geological Survey, Kunming 650051, China
4.
Yunnan Geological Survey Institute, Kunming 650051, China

摘要

摘要: 普朗铜矿床是格咱岛弧产出的超大型斑岩型铜矿床，以往较多关注于含矿的石英二长斑岩，而对矿区出露的闪长岩、花岗闪长斑岩研究相对薄弱.对普朗矿区的闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩开展了地球化学和锆石年代学分析，结果显示，闪长岩SiO₂含量为62.46%~62.25%，K₂O含量为5.53%~6.27%，MgO含量为3.58%~3.69%，（Na₂O+K₂O）总碱含量为7.93%~8.72%，K₂O/Na₂O>2，属中性超钾质碱性岩；花岗闪长斑岩SiO₂含量为66.00%~66.98%，K₂O含量为4.06%~4.19%，MgO含量为2.04%~2.17%，（Na₂O+K₂O）总碱含量为7.60%~7.81%，K₂O/Na₂O>1，属酸性钾质碱性岩.花岗闪长斑岩与中甸地区火山岩具有一致的Sr-Nd同位素特征，而闪长岩ε_Nd（t）值变化范围大，二阶段模式年龄分散（369 Ma、913 Ma、1 138 Ma），指示有富集组分的混入.闪长岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄为227.0±2.9 Ma；花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄为211.5±3.7 Ma.结合岩石主量、微量元素、全岩Sr-Nd同位素及锆石U-Pb年龄，提出甘孜-理塘洋在长时期的西向俯冲（约25 Ma）过程中，普朗矿区（局部）可能发生过由挤压向伸展构造体制的转换，激发幔源的岩浆活动，导致钾质碱性小岩体侵位，该过程对该超大型斑岩铜多金属矿的形成具有重要意义.
- 高钾 /
- 中-酸性碱性岩 /
- 锆石U-Pb定年 /
- 地质年代学 /
- 地球化学 /
- 普朗
Abstract: The Pulang copper deposit is a super-large porphyry deposit located in Geza island arc in Yunnan Province.Previous studies were mostly concentrated on the ore-bearing quartz-monzonite porphyry, while the research on the diorite and granodiorite porphyry was relatively weak.In this paper, we present geochemistry and zircon chronology analysis on the diorite and granodiorite porphyry in Pulang mine, northwest of Yunnan Province.The diorite is characterized by low SiO₂ (62.46%-62.65%), high K₂O (5.53%-6.27%) and total alkali(K₂O+Na₂O=7.93%-8.72%), K₂O (5.53%-6.27%), MgO (3.58%-3.69%), and K₂O/Na₂O is bigger than 2.Likewise, the granodiorite-porphyry is characterized by medium SiO₂ (66.00%-66.98%) and high total alkali (7.60%-7.81%), with MgO (2.04%-2.17%), and the K₂O/Na₂O is bigger than 1.They are enriched in large-ion lithophile and light earth elements, but depleted in high field-strength and heavy rare earth elements, and with weak to negative Eu anomalies.Furthermore, diorite yields lower (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios (0.705 24-0.705 31) than granodiorite-porphyry ((⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i 0.705 58-0.705 62), and the granodiorite-porphyry yields negative ε_Nd(t) values from -3.34 to -1.01, while the diorite yields variable ε_Nd(t) values from -1.65 to 7.78.New U-Pb dating of zircons of diorite and granodiorite-porphyry are 227.0±2.9 Ma and 211.5±3.7 Ma respectively.Comprehensively, we propose that a transformation from compression to extension process may have occurred in the Pulang area during the long period of westward subduction of Garze-litang ocean (about 25 Ma), which has triggered the mantle source magmatic activity, and has resulted in the emplacement of deep source (ultra)potassium alkaline.And the transformation process is crucial to the formation of super-large porphyry deposit.
- high-K /
- intermediate-acid alkaline rocks /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- geochronology /
- geochemistry /
- Pulang

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图 1 普朗斑岩型铜矿床地质简图

据刘学龙等(2013)修改.Ⅰ.扬子板块；Ⅱ.甘孜-理塘结合带；Ⅲ.义敦岛弧带；Ⅳ.中咱微陆块；Ⅴ.金沙江结合带；Ⅵ.江达-维西火山弧；Ⅶ.昌都-兰坪陆块；Ⅷ.三达山-景洪火山弧；Ⅸ.澜沧江结合带；Ⅹ.保山地块

Fig. 1. Geological map of the Pulang copper deposit

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图 2 普朗矿区闪长岩体野外露头

Fig. 2. Outcrop photograph of diorite porphyry in the Pulang deposit

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图 3 普朗矿区闪长岩与花岗岩闪长岩镜下特征

图a和b为闪长岩(D017)；图c和d为花岗闪长斑岩(D018).Am.角闪石；Bt.黑云母；Pl.斜长石；Q.石英

Fig. 3. Micrographs of diorite and granodiorite-porphyry in the Pulang deposit

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图 4 普朗复式岩体锆石阴极发光(CL)图像

Fig. 4. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of zircons from Pulang diorite and granodiorite-porphyry

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图 5 普朗矿区闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图

Fig. 5. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of Pulang diorite and granodiorite-porphyry

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图 6 普朗矿区闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩(Na₂O+K₂O)-SiO₂图解(a)和K₂O-SiO₂图解(b)

图a底图据Middlemost(1994)；图b底图据Peccerillo and Taylor(1976)；石英闪长玢岩、石英二长斑岩数据引自Cao et al.(2018)

Fig. 6. TAS diagram (a) and K₂O-SiO₂ diagram (b) of Pulang diorite and granodiorite-porphyry

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图 7 普朗矿区闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)

标准化值据Sun and McDonough(1989)和Taylor and Mclennan(1985).石英闪长玢岩、石英二长斑岩数据引自Cao et al.(2018)

Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE pattern (a) and primitive-mantle normalized trace element spider diagram (b) of Pulang diorite and granodiorite-porphyry

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图 8 普朗复式斑岩体年龄频谱图

Fig. 8. The age frequency spectrum for Pulang compound porphyries

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图 9 普朗矿区闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩的ε_Nd(t)-(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i图解

石英闪长玢岩、石英二长斑岩、部分闪长岩数据及底图引自Cao et al.(2018)

Fig. 9. ε_Nd(t)-(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i diagram for Pulang diorite and granodiorite-porphyry

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图 10 碱性花岗岩构造环境判别图解

据Eby(1992)

Fig. 10. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams for alkaline granites

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表 1 普朗矿区闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb分析数据

Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb data of Pulang diorite and granodiorite-porphyry

测点号	元素含量(10^-6)			Th/U	同位素比值						年龄(Ma)						谐和度(%)
测点号	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	谐和度(%)
闪长岩(D017)
1	14.8	222.1	299.5	0.74	0.053 13	0.006 54	0.254 80	0.028 31	0.034 88	0.001 03	344.5	281.4	230.5	22.9	221.0	6.4	95
2	8.6	115.6	169.0	0.68	0.053 53	0.008 90	0.256 52	0.032 04	0.035 86	0.001 10	350.1	350.0	231.9	25.9	227.1	6.9	97
3	14.1	215.8	277.4	0.78	0.048 72	0.006 34	0.238 21	0.028 37	0.034 99	0.001 18	200.1	212.9	217.0	23.3	221.7	7.3	97
4	13.2	182.0	256.4	0.71	0.053 27	0.006 71	0.275 70	0.028 61	0.037 85	0.001 00	338.9	288.9	247.2	22.8	239.5	6.2	96
5	12.2	174.6	247.9	0.70	0.053 28	0.007 73	0.264 94	0.033 58	0.035 60	0.001 10	338.9	300.0	238.6	27.0	225.5	6.9	94
6	21.6	370.5	392.3	0.94	0.055 35	0.006 88	0.283 18	0.031 81	0.037 14	0.000 78	427.8	281.4	253.2	25.2	235.1	4.9	92
7	21.0	343.5	392.5	0.88	0.051 60	0.006 09	0.268 66	0.034 23	0.036 77	0.000 88	333.4	183.3	241.6	27.4	232.8	5.5	96
8	8.8	122.1	182.3	0.67	0.052 82	0.007 10	0.282 11	0.033 55	0.037 50	0.001 21	320.4	290.7	252.3	26.6	237.3	7.5	93
9	13.3	200.9	289.3	0.69	0.050 16	0.006 21	0.240 02	0.025 07	0.034 88	0.000 83	211.2	266.6	218.4	20.5	221.0	5.2	98
10	20.0	322.7	395.3	0.82	0.050 78	0.005 58	0.257 49	0.024 18	0.036 05	0.001 12	231.6	233.3	232.6	19.5	228.3	7.0	98
11	14.6	233.6	300.3	0.78	0.048 74	0.004 67	0.242 48	0.020 73	0.035 77	0.000 96	200.1	146.3	220.5	16.9	226.5	6.0	97
12	20.4	387.0	395.5	0.98	0.052 89	0.005 28	0.249 86	0.023 19	0.034 20	0.000 80	324.1	260.2	226.5	18.8	216.8	5.0	95
13	13.1	197.1	255.5	0.77	0.049 68	0.006 54	0.256 81	0.027 80	0.037 50	0.001 07	189.0	272.2	232.1	22.5	237.3	6.6	97
14	13.9	236.1	248.7	0.95	0.052 33	0.007 49	0.274 04	0.034 94	0.037 90	0.001 31	298.2	300.0	245.9	27.8	239.8	8.1	97
15	20.6	329.6	407.4	0.81	0.050 62	0.005 76	0.261 27	0.027 14	0.036 40	0.000 97	233.4	244.4	235.7	21.8	230.5	6.0	97
16	15.1	257.7	291.8	0.88	0.051 32	0.006 61	0.258 21	0.029 66	0.037 09	0.000 98	253.8	274.0	233.2	23.9	234.7	6.1	99
17	19.9	348.8	368.2	0.95	0.051 77	0.005 48	0.262 77	0.024 28	0.035 58	0.001 04	276.0	244.4	236.9	19.5	225.3	6.5	95
18	21.7	334.8	442.6	0.76	0.053 53	0.005 45	0.257 03	0.022 10	0.034 99	0.001 03	350.1	231.5	232.3	17.8	221.7	6.4	95
19	24.7	448.4	441.4	1.02	0.051 97	0.006 15	0.253 92	0.026 06	0.034 73	0.000 88	283.4	316.6	229.8	21.1	220.1	5.5	95
20	18.7	285.6	334.0	0.9	0.052 33	0.005 75	0.268 95	0.026 76	0.036 59	0.001 08	298.2	251.8	241.9	21.4	231.6	6.7	95
21	15.7	268.3	284.7	0.86	0.050 38	0.005 58	0.256 84	0.025 26	0.036 12	0.001 03	213.0	237.0	232.1	20.4	228.7	6.4	98
22	14.5	241.1	273.0	0.94	0.053 67	0.007 09	0.265 28	0.030 18	0.035 96	0.001 08	366.7	301.8	238.9	24.2	227.8	6.7	95
23	20.4	290.2	383.8	0.88	0.052 37	0.005 46	0.256 76	0.025 32	0.035 40	0.000 78	301.9	234.2	232.1	20.5	224.2	4.8	96
24	25.1	421.5	456.8	0.76	0.051 58	0.004 63	0.251 67	0.023 12	0.034 78	0.000 70	264.9	202.8	227.9	18.8	220.4	4.4	96
花岗闪长斑岩(D018)
1	25.3	362.2	523.3	0.69	0.048 57	0.004 36	0.243 39	0.021 89	0.035 60	0.000 78	127.9	196.3	221.2	17.9	225.5	4.9	98
2	24.9	382.6	517.2	0.74	0.050 09	0.004 25	0.248 47	0.022 57	0.035 15	0.001 08	198.2	188.9	225.3	18.4	222.7	6.7	98
3	27.8	422.0	597.1	0.71	0.048 32	0.004 66	0.231 98	0.020 35	0.034 31	0.000 81	122.3	205.5	211.8	16.8	217.5	5.1	97
4	19.4	319.6	391.7	0.82	0.050 02	0.005 24	0.238 15	0.025 38	0.033 95	0.001 07	194.5	238.9	216.9	20.8	215.2	6.6	99
5	34.9	593.4	720.5	0.82	0.050 33	0.004 25	0.235 40	0.020 02	0.033 29	0.000 84	209.3	-2.8	214.6	16.5	211.1	5.2	98
6	19.1	277.9	448.6	0.62	0.051 21	0.006 06	0.235 67	0.025 68	0.033 98	0.001 17	250.1	251.8	214.9	21.1	215.4	7.3	99
7	15.7	212.5	332.8	0.64	0.050 97	0.005 83	0.254 63	0.025 59	0.035 65	0.001 00	239.0	244.4	230.3	20.7	225.8	6.2	98
8	66.8	1 479.4	1 260.9	1.17	0.051 48	0.004 00	0.234 39	0.017 51	0.032 82	0.000 74	261.2	179.6	213.8	14.4	208.2	4.6	97
9	29.8	442.5	703.5	0.63	0.050 97	0.004 66	0.228 01	0.021 01	0.031 80	0.000 80	239.0	212.9	208.6	17.4	201.8	5.0	96
10	50.8	804.1	1 062.3	0.76	0.049 68	0.004 37	0.238 18	0.020 90	0.034 70	0.000 84	189.0	183.3	216.9	17.1	219.9	5.3	98
11	18.5	275.8	402.7	0.68	0.049 71	0.005 63	0.235 26	0.025 26	0.034 57	0.001 00	189.0	244.4	214.5	20.8	219.1	6.2	97
12	56.2	990.1	1187.7	0.83	0.047 88	0.003 75	0.219 12	0.016 30	0.033 40	0.000 79	100.1	233.3	201.2	13.6	211.8	4.9	94
13	26.8	468.6	522.7	0.90	0.048 13	0.004 87	0.220 04	0.019 97	0.033 76	0.001 02	105.6	222.2	201.9	16.6	214.0	6.4	94
14	31.1	428.2	694.9	0.62	0.048 54	0.004 84	0.229 45	0.022 37	0.034 12	0.000 75	124.2	222.2	209.7	18.5	216.3	4.7	96
15	33.7	514.6	706.1	0.73	0.047 68	0.003 98	0.229 93	0.018 69	0.034 51	0.000 72	83.4	250.0	210.1	15.4	218.7	4.5	97
16	35.0	566.1	750.1	0.75	0.047 45	0.004 13	0.220 07	0.019 70	0.032 56	0.000 82	77.9	187.0	202.0	16.4	206.6	5.1	97
17	35.8	603.2	812.9	0.74	0.047 42	0.003 90	0.211 24	0.017 31	0.031 29	0.000 83	77.9	175.9	194.6	14.5	198.6	5.2	97
18	23.5	306.5	488.9	0.63	0.050 54	0.004 94	0.245 04	0.022 42	0.034 39	0.000 97	220.4	211.1	222.5	18.3	217.9	6.0	97
19	31.6	528.3	662.5	0.80	0.048 22	0.003 64	0.221 45	0.016 53	0.032 34	0.000 83	109.4	170.3	203.1	13.7	205.2	5.2	98
20	39.3	602.1	898.3	0.67	0.051 12	0.003 90	0.225 87	0.016 16	0.031 58	0.000 73	255.6	175.9	206.8	13.4	200.4	4.6	96
21	25.2	462.0	517.0	0.89	0.049 47	0.005 75	0.225 28	0.024 49	0.032 10	0.000 74	168.6	251.8	206.3	20.3	203.7	4.6	98
22	29.9	442.4	710.2	0.62	0.052 81	0.005 00	0.235 76	0.021 88	0.031 63	0.000 72	320.4	212.0	214.9	18.0	200.7	4.5	93

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表 2 普朗矿区闪长岩和花岗闪长岩主量元素(%)、微量元素(10^-6)及Sr-Nd同位素数据

Table 2. Major elements (%), trace elements (10^-6) and Sr-Nd data of Pulang diorite and granodiorite-porphyry

岩性	闪长岩			花岗闪长斑岩
样品编号	D017-1	D017-2	D017-3	D018-1	D018-2	D018-3
SiO₂	61.23	61.15	61.02	66.14	65.60	65.50
TiO₂	0.69	0.72	0.74	0.50	0.50	0.52
Al₂O₃	14.45	14.51	14.44	15.09	15.12	14.87
Fe₂O₃	1.02	0.71	1.63	0.76	1.25	1.60
FeO	4.22	4.36	3.72	1.99	1.85	1.99
MnO	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03
MgO	3.61	3.50	3.57	2.01	2.08	2.15
CaO	2.28	3.06	2.19	3.18	3.25	3.25
Na₂O	2.39	2.39	2.34	3.54	3.58	3.51
K₂O	5.85	5.40	6.13	4.14	4.14	4.03
P₂O₅	0.39	0.39	0.41	0.27	0.29	0.30
LOI	1.56	1.45	1.46	1.10	1.14	1.49
Mg^#	56	56	55	58	56	53
K₂O/Na₂O	2.45	2.26	2.62	1.17	1.16	1.15
La	43.51	41.81	45.12	23.12	33.51	34.31
Ce	81.71	78.10	85.41	46.61	65.41	66.10
Pr	9.24	8.84	9.69	5.52	7.36	7.49
Nd	36.11	34.91	37.62	22.01	28.12	28.41
Sm	6.91	6.62	7.02	4.12	4.83	4.97
Eu	1.87	1.84	1.86	1.17	1.31	1.31
Gd	5.66	5.41	5.60	3.31	3.57	3.69
Tb	0.75	0.71	0.75	0.44	0.49	0.49
Dy	3.87	3.70	3.80	2.40	2.64	2.62
Ho	0.71	0.68	0.70	0.46	0.50	0.50
Er	1.95	1.85	1.88	1.31	1.39	1.37
Tm	0.28	0.26	0.26	0.19	0.20	0.20
Yb	1.84	1.72	1.72	1.27	1.31	1.33
Lu	0.28	0.26	0.25	0.19	0.20	0.20
Y	19.62	18.54	19.31	12.82	13.82	13.21
∑REE	214.26	205.19	220.93	124.88	164.60	166.17
δEu	0.90	0.92	0.89	0.93	0.90	0.93
δCe	0.88	0.88	0.88	0.90	0.89	0.87
Rb	264	230	277	107	107	102
Sr	761	817	740	991	1052	958
Nb	12.71	12.31	12.71	11.01	11.21	11.30
Ba	3 004	2 598	2 885	1 565	1 729	1 490
Hf	5.61	5.16	5.02	5.07	5.18	5.65
Ta	0.90	0.86	0.85	0.77	0.83	0.82
Th	16.60	16.20	15.30	15.50	17.20	17.01
Co	14.60	9.66	15.01	6.06	8.05	13.80
Ni	25.61	21.52	25.20	8.80	10.1	13.8
(⁸⁷Rb/⁸⁶Sr)_m	1.004	0.815	1.083	0.312	0.294	0.308
(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_m	0.708 55	0.707 89	0.708 73	0.706 55	0.706 49	0.706 51
(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i	0.705 31	0.705 26	0.705 24	0.705 62	0.705 61	0.705 58
(¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd)_i	0.512 26	0.512 40	0.512 47	0.512 31	0.51221	0.512 19
ε_Nd(t)	-1.65	1.11	7.78	-1.01	-2.94	-3.34
t_DM(Ga)	1.1	0.9	0.36	1.0	1.1	1.1
t_2DM(Ga)	1.1	0.9	0.37	1.1	1.2	1.3

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表 3 普朗复式斑岩体锆石U-Pb年龄

Table 3. Zircon U-Pb dating results for Pulang compound porphyries

岩性	测年方法	年龄(Ma)	资料来源
石英闪长玢岩	LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb	221	刘学龙和李文昌(2013)
石英二长斑岩	LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb	215~216	刘学龙和李文昌(2013)
闪长岩	SHRIMP锆石U-Pb	217	Cao et al.(2018)
石英闪长玢岩	LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb	215	Cao et al.(2016)
石英二长斑岩		215
花岗闪长斑岩		216
石英闪长玢岩	单颗粒锆石熔融	221	Pang et al.(2014)
石英二长斑岩		212
花岗闪长斑岩		206
石英二长斑岩	SHRIMP锆石U-Pb	226~228	王守旭等(2008)
闪长岩	LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb	227	本文
花岗闪长斑岩	LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb	211	本文
普朗复式斑岩体	LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb	217~212	Leng et al.(2018)
石英闪长玢岩	LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb	216	Wang et al.(2018)
石英二长斑岩		214
花岗闪长斑岩		208

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