Sediment Waves in the South of South China Sea: Soft Sediment Deformation and Its Triggering Mechanism
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摘要: 目前，沉积物波的成因还是存在很多争议.通过详细的地震资料解释，发现南海南部海域有一个规模巨大的海底滑坡，滑坡体长达160 km.从剖面上看，滑坡体结构完整，由减损带、加积带、滑阻带、破坏体、滑脱面、滑坡后壁、冠上裂缝、横向裂缝等结构要素组成.在如此低的海底坡度（仅0.3°~0.5°）上形成如此大规模的滑坡体，推测是地震活动触发的.加积带内发育沉积物波.形态特征和剪应力分析显示，沉积物波形成于减损带的推挤作用.加积带中部推力最大，导致下部为逆时针剪切，上部为顺时针剪切.因此，沉积物波属于海底滑坡引起的软沉积物变形.软变形沉积物波是海底滑坡的一种特殊标志，因此这项研究有助于发现海底滑坡，也有助于海底工程的减灾防灾工作.Abstract: At present, the cause of sediment waves is still controversial. Detailed interpretation of the seismic profiles in the south of South China Sea, supports the discovery of an enormous submarine landslide, which covers a distance of 160 km. Analyzed from the seismic profiles, the landslide body consists of depletion zone, accumulation zone, main scarp, crown scarp, rupture surface, separation surface and transverse cracks. The submarine landslide was triggered by earthquake activity, according to the very low seabed slope (only 0.3°~0.5°) and the enormous scale of the landslide body. The sediment waves are common in the accumulation zone. Based on morphological characteristics and shearing stress analysis, the sediment waves formed through the compression of the depletion zone with a maximum stress in the middle part, leading to counter-clockwise shearing in the lower part and clockwise shearing in the upper part. Therefore, the sediment waves are soft sediment deformation caused by submarine landslide. Soft deformation sediment wave is a special mark of submarine landslide, and this study promotes the discovery of submarine landslide and also contributes to the disaster reduction and prevention of submarine engineering.
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图 1 南海沉积物波的发育位置及测线位置
①马尼拉海沟; ②澎湖峡谷; ③台湾浅滩南峡谷; ④东沙东峡谷; ⑤神弧峡谷群; ⑥珠江口外峡谷; ⑦琼东南中央峡谷; ⑧西北巴拉望盆地
Fig. 1. Location of sediment wave and seismic profile
图 2 地震反射剖面AA'及其地质解释
a.偏移地震反射剖面; b.地质解释.剖面位置见图 1
Fig. 2. Seismic reflection profile AA' and its geological interpretation
图 3 地震反射剖面BB'及其地质解释
剖面位置见图 1
Fig. 3. Seismic reflection profile BB' and its geological interpretation
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