REE Mineralization of Epimetamorphic Rocks from an Ion-Adsorption Type REE Deposit in Southern Jiangxi Province
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摘要: 近几年在赣南新元古代浅变质岩风化壳中发现了离子吸附型稀土矿床，对矿区及南岭科学深钻中的浅变质岩样品进行了岩石、矿物及地球化学特征研究.矿区内主要出露神山组和库里组（南华系），前者以千枚岩为主，含少量片岩，后者以厚层变质沉凝灰岩和中厚层变质砂岩为主；南岭科学深钻1 165~1 170.77 m库里组（青白口系）以变质沉凝灰岩为主夹薄层凝灰质板岩.浅变质岩类中新生变质矿物有绢云母、绿泥石、磁铁矿、堇青石、白云母、黑云母等，稀土矿物有新奇钙铈矿、独居石、磷钇矿、水独居石等；稀土含量为162×10-6~723×10-6，富集轻稀土.新奇钙铈矿是矿体中离子相稀土的主要来源；赣南青白口纪-南华纪中厚层变质沉凝灰岩和变质凝灰岩风化壳具有较好的稀土成矿前景.Abstract: An ion-adsorption type REE deposit occurs in regolith of epimetamorphic rocks formed in Neo-Proterozoic, and has been discovered in South Jiangxi Province in recent years. Petrological and geochemical characteristics of the rocks from the REE deposit and Nanling scientific drilling were studied in this paper. Shenshan Formation and Kuli Formation are widely exposed in the deposit, and the former consists mainly of phyllite and minor schist whereas the latter consists of thick-layer metatuffite, metamorphic tuff, and medium-thick-layer metasandstone. Kuli Formation is composed of metamorphic tuff with thin layer tuffaceous slate that intersected by Nanling scientific drilling from 1 165 m to 1 170.77 m. The epimetamorphic rocks with neo formation of sericite, chlorite, magnetite, cordierite, muscovite, biotite, etc. contain REE minerals such as synchysite-(Ce), monazite, xenotime and rhabdophane-(La) etc. They are enriched in REEs (162×10-6 to 723×10-6) with high LREE/HREE ratios (LREE/HREE=2-7).We suggest that Ion-adsorbed REEs in the regolithic zone of the epimetamorphic rocks are mainly sourced from REE-fluorocarbonate. Regolith of metamorphic tuff and metatuffite formed in Cryogenian in South Jiangxi Province should be included during REE-bearing properties evaluation and prospecting.
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图 1 江西省兴国-宁都区域地质图
Fig. 1. Geological map of Xingguo to Ningdu County, Jiangxi Province
图 2 江西省宁都地区地质图
据福建省冶金工业局, 1972.1:20万宁化幅区域矿产调查报告.据南方工业学校, 1997.1:5万长胜幅地质图及说明
Fig. 2. Geological map of Ningdu County, Jiangxi Province
图 3 江西省宁都某离子吸附型稀土矿床地质图
Fig. 3. Geological map of the studied ion-adsorption type REE deposit in Ningdu County, Jiangxi Province
图 4 江西省宁都某离子吸附型稀土矿床代表性浅变质岩样品的显微特征
a.样品ND-b7，变质凝灰岩；b.样品ND-b5，变质沉凝灰岩；c, d.样品ND-b9，ND-b31，变质砂岩；e.样品ND-b21，含磁铁矿绢云千枚岩；f.样品ND-b23，白云母片岩；Kfs.钾长石；Pl.斜长石；Qtz.石英；Mag.磁铁矿；Ms.白云母
Fig. 4. Photomicrographs showing representative textures of the studied epimetamorphic rock samples
图 5 南岭科学钻1 197.51~1 000 m剖面
Fig. 5. 1 197.51~1 000 m core column in Nanling scientific drilling
图 6 浅变质岩样品中稀土矿物的背散射图像
Mnz.独居石，Xen.磷钇矿，Syn-(Ce).新奇钙铈矿，Kfs.钾长石，Bt.黑云母，Qtz.石英，Ap.磷灰石
Fig. 6. Back-scattered electron images of rare earth element minerals in the studied epimetamorphic rock samples
图 7 球粒陨石标准化的稀土矿物的REE配分曲线
球粒陨石数据引自Taylor and McLennan(1985)
Fig. 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for rare earth minerals
图 8 太古界后平均澳大利亚沉积岩标准化的浅变质岩样品的REE配分曲线
PAAS数据引自McLenenan(1989)
Fig. 8. PAAS normalized REE patterns of the studied epimetamorphic rock samples
表 1 江西省宁都某离子吸附型稀土矿床浅变质岩样品的岩石学特征
Table 1. Petrological characteristics of the studied epimetamorphic rock samples
样号 层位 变质岩岩石名称 矿物和含量(%) 结构构造 原岩类型 ND-b9 Pt3k1 变质砂岩 砂粒矿物(＞70%)主要是长石和石英，基质矿物有绢云母、黑云母、长石和石英等 变余砂状结构，变余层理 长石石英砂岩 ND-b22 Pt3k2 变质砂岩 砂粒矿物(＞50%)主要是石英和少量长石，基质矿物有绢云母、黑云母等 变余砂状结构，变余层理 石英长石砂岩 ND-b31 Pt3k1 变质砂岩 砂粒矿物(＞70%)主要是长石和石英，基质矿物有绢云母、黑云母、长石和石英等 变余砂状结构，变余层理 长石石英砂岩 ND-b6 Pt3k2 变质沉凝灰岩 石英和岩屑(~5%)，基质矿物有绢云母、黑云母等 变余碎屑结构 沉凝灰岩 ND-b7 Pt3k2 变质凝灰岩 石英和长石晶屑(~8%)，基质矿物有绢云母、黑云母等 变余碎屑结构 凝灰岩 ND-b5 Pt3k1 绢云变质沉凝灰岩 石英和岩屑(＜5%)，基质为长英质矿物和绢云母等 变余碎屑结构 沉凝灰岩 ND-b32 Pt3k1 绢云变质沉凝灰岩 变余斑晶(＜20%)为碱性长石、斜长石及石英.基质为绢云母、石英及少量的黑云母等 变余碎屑结构，显微片状粒状变晶结构 沉凝灰岩 ND-b34 Pt3k1 变质沉凝灰岩 石英和长石晶屑(~20%)，基质矿物有绢云母、黑云母、石英、长石等 变余碎屑结构，块状构造 沉凝灰岩 ND-b2 Pt3s1 绢云千枚岩 绢云母为主(＞50%)，含黑云母、石英等 显微片状变晶结构，千枚状构造 泥质岩、粉砂质泥质岩，部分中酸性火山凝灰岩 ND-b8 Pt3k1 绢云千枚岩 绢云母为主(＞50%)，含黑云母、石英等 显微片状变晶结构，千枚状构造 ND-b21 Pt3s2 含磁铁矿绢云千枚岩 绢云母为主(≥70%)，含磁铁矿、黑云母、绿泥石及石英等 斑状变晶结构，显微片状变晶结构，千枚状构造 ND-b33 Pt3k1 绢云石英千枚岩 石英(＞70%)、绢云母(10%)、堇青石(4%)、黑云母(5%)、绿泥石(2%) 斑状变晶结构，显微片状变晶结构，千枚状构造 ND-b23 Pt3s1 白云母片岩 白云母(＞65%)，石英(35%) 粒状片状变晶结构，片状构造 泥质岩、粉砂质泥质岩，部分中酸性火山凝灰岩 
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