湖北大冶铜山口铜(钼)矿床中钨矿化特征及其地质意义

朱乔乔; 谢桂青; 韩颖霄

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.288

湖北大冶铜山口铜(钼)矿床中钨矿化特征及其地质意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.288

朱乔乔^1,2,,
谢桂青^1,2, ,,
韩颖霄³

1.
中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 北京 100037
2.
自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室, 北京 100037
3.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41573042

国家重点研发计划 2016YFC0600206

详细信息

作者简介:
朱乔乔(1988-), 男, 助理研究员, 主要从事热液矿床成矿作用研究

通讯作者:
谢桂青

中图分类号: P571
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-12-04
- 刊出日期: 2019-02-15

Characteristics of Tungsten Mineralization from the Tongshankou Skarn-Porphyry Cu (Mo) Deposit in Daye, Hubei Province, and Its Geological Implications

Zhu Qiaoqiao^{1,2
,},
Xie Guiqing^{1,2
, ,},
Han Yingxiao³

1.
Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2.
MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Beijing 100037, China
3.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 为了查明鄂东矿集区内铜山口矽卡岩-斑岩型铜（钼）矿床中钨矿化作用的地质特征.对该矿床中的钨矿（化）体开展了系统的矿床地质特征、岩石学和矿物学研究，并探讨基底对区内钨矿在空间上分布的影响.钨矿体主要产出于花岗闪长斑岩与碳酸盐岩地层的接触部位及其附近，其产状受接触面形态的控制；钨既可形成独立的钨矿体，也可作为铜和钼矿体的伴生组分；钨矿物主要为含Mo的白钨矿.铜山口矿床中的钨矿化与矽卡岩化有着密切的时间、空间和成因联系，具有典型的氧化性矽卡岩型钨矿特征，钨和铜矿化是同一岩浆-热液事件不同阶段的产物，但钨矿体的产出位置比铜矿化相对更深；鄂东矿集区南部的钨矿化岩体具有很多相似性，他们很可能在一定程度上受富含铜和钨的江南式基底控制，江南式和董岭式基底在鄂东矿集区的结合部位可能位于阳新岩体附近.
- 钨矿化 /
- 矽卡岩-斑岩型矿床 /
- 铜山口 /
- 大冶岩石 /
- 岩石
Abstract: The Tongshankou deposit is a typical skarn-porphyry Cu (Mo) deposit in the East Hubei Province, thick tungsten ore bodies have been discovered in deep part of this deposit recently. In this paper, systematic researches on geological characteristics, petrology, and mineralogy were carried out on tungsten mineralization from the Tongshankou deposit. It is found that tungsten ore bodies were mainly produced at or near the contact zone between sedimentary rocks and granodioritic porphyry. Therefore, their occurrences are controlled by the shape of contact surface.Tungsten can be produced either as a separate tungsten ore body or as a byproduct element in Cu and Mo ore bodies. Scheelite is the mainly tungsten-bearing mineral, and is characterized by a significant enrichment of Mo. Tungsten mineralization process of the Tongshankou deposit is temporally, spatially and genetically associated with skarn alteration, and these features are consistent with those of oxidized W skarns. Tungsten and Cu mineralization are the product of different stages from the same magmatic-hydrothermal process, but the location of W ore bodies are relatively deeper than that of Cu. The Tongshankou porphyry stock shears a lot of similarities with stocks associated with W mineralization in East Hubei Province, suggesting that they were probably partly controlled by Cu and W fertile Jiangnan basement, and the connect part of Jiangnan and Dongling basement under the East Hubei Province probably located nearby the Yangxinpluton.
- tungsten mineralization /
- skarn-porphyry deposit /
- Tongshankou /
- Daye rock /
- rock

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图 1 铜山口铜(钼)矿地质平面图

据吕新彪等(1992)修改

Fig. 1. Geological map of Tongshankou Cu(Mo) deposit

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图 2 铜山口铜(钼)矿地质剖面图(a)和钻孔中Cu、WO₃含量关系(b)

湖北省地质局第一地质大队，2015.湖北大冶市铜山口铜矿接替资源勘查报告

Fig. 2. Geological section of Tongshankou Cu (Mo) deposit (a) and the content of Cu and WO₃ of core drill samples (b)

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图 3 铜山口矿床矿化阶段和矿物生成顺序

Fig. 3. Paragenetic sequence of mineralization stage and minerals in the Tongshankou deposit

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图 4 铜山口铜(钼)矿中白钨矿化特征

a, b.绢云母碳酸盐蚀变岩中浸染状白钨矿；c.绢云母碳酸盐蚀变岩中半自形白钨矿颗粒产出，可见少量强绢云母化斜长石残留，白钨矿颗粒集合体外部有少量黄铁矿；d.石榴子石矽卡岩中浸染状白钨矿和团状黄铜矿和斑铜矿，方解石充填在石榴子石晶体间隙；e, f.白钨矿充填或交代石榴子石，黄铜矿和斑铜矿充填在白钨矿晶体间隙或穿插白钨矿；g.石榴子石矽卡岩化大理岩；h, i.石榴子石晶体核部包裹硬石膏和透辉石颗粒，边部包裹白钨矿，且晶体边部被方解石、硅灰石和石英交代；j.块状黄铜矿矿石；k, l.黄铜矿中包裹自形白钨矿，白钨矿颗粒核部不清晰.c, h, k.正交偏光；e.单偏光；f, l.反射光；i.BSE照片.Anh.硬石膏；Bn.斑铜矿；Cc.方解石；Ccp.黄铜矿；Di.透辉石；Grt.石榴子石；Mb.大理岩；Pl.斜长石；Py.黄铁矿；Sch.白钨矿；Wol.硅灰石

Fig. 4. Characteristics of tungsten mineralization from Tongshankou Cu (Mo) deposit

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图 5 白钨矿中Mo₃与WO₃(a)和CaO(b)含量谐变图解

Fig. 5. Relationship between Mo₃ and WO₃ (a) and CaO (b) content of scheelite

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图 6 白钨矿BSE照片中明暗变化与MoO₃含量(%)相对关系

Fig. 6. Relationship of the brightness of back scattered electron imaging (BSE) photos and the MoO₃ content of scheelite

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图 7 长江中下游地区江南式基底与金属矿床空间分布图

据常印佛等(1991); 马振东和单光祥(1997); Mao et al.(2011); Song et al.(2018)修改

Fig. 7. Relationship of Jiangnan basement and spatial distribution of mineral deposits in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River

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图 8 鄂东矿集区矽卡岩型钨矿岩体氧化性-二氧化硅图解

据Meinert(1995)修改；底图中各类型矽卡岩型矿床平均值据Meinert(1995)，投点数据来源于Sato(1980); 孙家福(1984); 毕承思(1987); Blevin(1995); Hart et al.(2004); Wang et al.(2004); 谢桂青等, 2008; Rasmussen et al.(2011); Song et al.(2018)及其所引文献

Fig. 8. Iron oxidation state and SiO₂ content of plutons associated with W skarns from East Hubei Province

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表 1 铜山口铜(钼钨)矿床中白钨矿电子探针数据(%)

Table 1. Electron microprobe analysis data (%) of scheelite from Tongshankou Cu (Mo-W) deposit

样号	FeO	Na₂O	CaO	MnO	WO₃	MoO₃	SiO₂	总量	Fe	Na	Ca	Mn	W	Mo	Si	钼钙矿(%)
T02-10-1-1	-	0.07	20.21	-	76.93	-	0.20	97.41	0.00^*	0.00	0.76	0.00	3.23	0.00	0.01	0.00
T02-10-4-1	0.11	-	20.26	-	77.70	0.06	0.21	98.33	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00	3.23	0.00	0.01	0.08
T02-10-5-1	0.02	0.05	20.48	0.04	79.09	0.11	0.22	99.99	0.00	0.00	0.75	0.00	3.23	0.00	0.01	0.14
T02-10-6-1	-	0.09	19.92	-	76.60	-	0.18	96.79	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00	3.23	0.00	0.01	0.00
T02-10-7-2	-	0.04	19.96	-	76.69	0.08	0.13	96.90	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00	3.23	0.00	0.00	0.12
T02-10-8-2	0.14	-	19.87	-	77.17	0.15	0.20	97.53	0.01	0.00	0.75	0.00	3.23	0.01	0.01	0.21
T02-12-1-5	0.19	0.11	26.24	-	22.98	49.63	0.11	99.25	0.01	0.00	0.94	0.00	0.91	2.13	0.00	70.01
T02-12-1-6	0.34	0.10	23.74	-	44.74	28.84	0.13	97.87	0.01	0.00	0.87	0.00	1.83	1.27	0.00	41.06
T02-12-1-7	0.97	0.08	22.80	-	51.27	19.12	0.23	94.46	0.04	0.00	0.88	0.00	2.19	0.88	0.01	28.73
T02-12-1	0.10	0.04	19.45	0.02	75.46	3.14	-	98.19	0.00	0.00	0.73	0.00	3.13	0.14	0.00	4.31
T02-12-2	0.09	0.20	24.24	0.13	33.25	37.40	-	95.31	0.00	0.00	0.91	0.01	1.39	1.69	0.00	54.87
T02-12-3	0.23	-	20.73	0.05	66.54	10.98	-	98.52	0.01	0.00	0.77	0.00	2.73	0.49	0.00	15.13
T06-1-1-2	0.14	-	20.66	0.15	77.40	0.58	0.22	99.14	0.01	0.00	0.77	0.01	3.19	0.03	0.01	0.80
T06-1-2-1	-	-	20.85	0.04	81.16	0.13	0.20	102.38	0.00	0.00	0.75	0.00	3.24	0.01	0.01	0.17
T06-1-2-2	-	-	21.34	-	75.73	5.61	0.24	102.91	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00	2.99	0.24	0.01	7.41
T06-1-3-1	-	-	21.23	0.02	75.28	5.09	0.18	101.80	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00	3.01	0.22	0.01	6.81
T06-1-5-1	0.07	-	21.19	0.09	72.30	5.35	0.19	99.18	0.00	0.00	0.78	0.00	2.97	0.24	0.01	7.41
T05-13-1-1	0.07	0.17	20.75	-	74.10	1.14	0.28	96.51	0.00	0.00	0.79	0.00	3.13	0.05	0.01	1.64
T05-13-1-2	-	-	21.74	0.07	67.23	10.46	0.29	99.79	0.00	0.00	0.80	0.00	2.73	0.46	0.01	14.39
T05-13-2-1	-	0.11	22.26	0.03	59.41	15.55	0.20	97.55	0.00	0.00	0.83	0.00	2.46	0.70	0.01	22.05
T05-13-2-2	0.08	0.04	20.26	-	74.88	0.88	0.25	96.39	0.00	0.00	0.77	0.00	3.17	0.04	0.01	1.25
T05-10-1-1	0.04	0.02	21.22	-	65.47	9.08	0.19	96.01	0.00	0.00	0.81	0.00	2.77	0.41	0.01	13.04
T05-10-1-2	0.12	0.08	21.09	-	69.42	5.20	0.20	96.11	0.00	0.00	0.81	0.00	2.94	0.24	0.01	7.49
T05-10-3-1	-	0.05	20.77	-	72.09	3.83	0.22	96.97	0.00	0.00	0.79	0.00	3.03	0.17	0.01	5.43
T05-10-3-2	0.03	0.09	21.41	-	63.15	9.45	0.17	94.30	0.00	0.00	0.83	0.00	2.72	0.44	0.01	13.92
T05-10-3-3	0.09	0.08	20.89	0.09	67.57	7.06	0.18	95.95	0.00	0.00	0.80	0.00	2.86	0.32	0.01	10.14
T05-10-3-2	0.04	0.06	20.81	0.04	67.52	10.30	-	98.78	0.00	0.00	0.77	0.00	2.77	0.46	0.00	14.16
TSK09-1-1	-	-	20.60	-	76.57	1.13	0.18	98.47	0.00	0.00	0.77	0.00	3.17	0.05	0.01	1.57
TSK09-1-2	0.07	-	21.57	-	67.06	9.85	0.20	98.76	0.00	0.00	0.80	0.00	2.75	0.44	0.01	13.70
TSK09-1-3	-	0.17	20.58	-	76.13	1.28	0.18	98.34	0.00	0.00	0.77	0.00	3.16	0.06	0.01	1.79
TSK09-2-1	-	0.06	20.50	-	75.71	1.21	0.18	97.65	0.00	0.00	0.77	0.00	3.16	0.05	0.01	1.70
TSK09-5-1	-	-	20.17	0.04	75.38	1.39	0.27	97.20	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00	3.16	0.06	0.01	1.95
TSK09-7-1	0.09	-	20.46	-	74.44	1.11	0.21	96.31	0.00	0.00	0.78	0.00	3.16	0.05	0.01	1.59
TSK09-7-2	0.08	-	20.79	0.12	75.45	1.33	0.23	98.01	0.00	0.00	0.78	0.00	3.14	0.06	0.01	1.87
TSK09-7-3	0.04	-	20.83	-	73.14	2.34	0.19	96.54	0.00	0.00	0.79	0.00	3.09	0.11	0.01	3.34
T05-15-1	0.09	0.02	21.53	-	74.53	5.95	0.24	102.36	0.00	0.00	0.77	0.00	2.96	0.26	0.01	7.95
T05-15-2	-	-	22.10	-	68.24	10.48	0.22	101.05	0.00	0.00	0.80	0.00	2.74	0.45	0.01	14.24
T05-15-3	-	-	21.61	-	72.03	6.75	0.18	100.56	0.00	0.00	0.79	0.00	2.91	0.29	0.01	9.20
T05-15-2-1	-	0.03	21.22	0.14	73.14	5.52	0.16	100.20	0.00	0.00	0.78	0.01	2.97	0.24	0.01	7.54
T05-15-2-2	-	-	21.82	0.07	70.29	9.10	0.17	101.45	0.00	0.00	0.79	0.00	2.81	0.39	0.01	12.27
T05-15-2-3	-	0.02	21.39	-	72.09	6.94	0.20	100.64	0.00	0.00	0.78	0.00	2.91	0.30	0.01	9.43
T05-15-2-4	-	0.05	21.40	0.04	70.25	6.24	0.23	98.21	0.00	0.00	0.80	0.00	2.91	0.28	0.01	8.76
T05-15-4-2	0.08	-	21.10	0.06	74.32	5.35	0.20	101.10	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00	2.99	0.23	0.01	7.21
T05-15-4-3	-	-	21.64	0.12	64.93	7.63	0.15	94.47	0.00	0.00	0.84	0.01	2.79	0.36	0.01	11.28
T06-17-1	0.06	-	20.87	-	77.80	1.25	0.19	100.18	0.00	0.00	0.77	0.00	3.17	0.06	0.01	1.71
T06-17-2	0.02	-	20.53	0.04	76.77	0.99	0.11	98.46	0.00	0.00	0.77	0.00	3.18	0.04	0.00	1.37
T06-17-3-1	0.10	0.06	20.25	0.06	76.41	0.69	0.21	97.77	0.00	0.00	0.76	0.00	3.19	0.03	0.01	0.96
T06-17-3-2	0.05	0.19	19.59	-	74.88	0.92	0.30	95.94	0.00	0.00	0.75	0.00	3.18	0.04	0.01	1.31
T05-7-6-1	-	-	19.18	0.05	78.67	0.10	-	98.00	0.00	0.00	0.72	0.00	3.27	0.00	0.00	0.13
T05-7-6-2	0.04	0.02	23.02	0.00	47.85	26.68	-	97.60	0.00	0.00	0.85	0.00	1.96	1.18	0.00	37.61
注：“-”表示低于检测限.“*”基于阳离子总数为4计算.

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表 2 铜山口铜(钼钨)矿与不同类型矽卡岩型钨矿比较

Table 2. Comparison of characteristics of Tongshankou Cu (Mo-W) deposit with major W skarn types

矿床类型/名称	还原型	氧化型	铜山口
主要金属元素	W，Cu	W，Mo	Cu、W、Mo
次要金属元素	Bi，Au	Cu，Zn，Ag，Bi	Ag
岩浆岩类型	I型，演化的I型，S型？；钛铁矿型	I型，演化的I型；磁铁矿型	I型；磁铁矿型
成矿主岩类型	花岗岩(花岗闪长岩)	花岗岩和花岗闪长岩	花岗闪长斑岩
主要蚀变类型	蠕英石化，少量白云母化	蠕英石化，内矽卡岩，少量黑云母化	外矽卡岩>>内矽卡岩，钾长石、黑云母，石英-绢云母
进变质矿物	辉石(Hd_70-95)>石榴子石(And_10-30)(10:1-2:1)	石榴子石(And_60-100)>辉石(Hd_40-60)(10:1-1:1)>>硅灰石	石榴子石(And₇₁)>透辉石>>硅灰石
退变质矿物	黑云母，铁闪石，铁绿泥石，石英，方解石，氧化物，硫化物	阳起石，绿泥石，绿帘石，石英，方解石，氧化物，硫化物	蛇纹石、金云母，石英，绿泥石，透闪石
金属矿物	少量钼白钨矿，自然金，磁黄铁矿，黄铜矿，闪锌矿	钼白钨矿，黄铁矿，黄铜矿，磁铁矿	钼白钨矿，黄铜矿，黄铁矿，辉钼矿，斑铜矿，磁铁矿
流体包裹体成分	低-中等盐度，富CH₄	中-高盐度	中-高盐度
形成压力	150~250 MPa	130~200 MPa	20~50 MPa
典型矿床	Cantung，ManTung, Lened，Fujigatani; Sandong，朱溪	Pine Creek，Round Valley，Kara，King Island
参考文献	Sato, 1980; Einaudi et al., 1981; Newberry, 1998; Song et al., 2018	Einaudi et al., 1981; Newberry, 1998	吕新彪等, 1992, 1993; 舒全安等, 1992, 本次

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表 3 鄂东矿集区钨矿床特征对比

Table 3. Comparison of tungsten-bearing deposits from East Hubei Province

矿床	阮家湾钨铜矿	龙角山铜钨矿	付家山铜钨矿	铜山口铜(钼钨)矿
规模	大型	中型	中型	大型
围岩地层	奥陶系碳酸盐岩、志留系砂页岩	中志留统坟头群砂页岩与黄龙群白云质大理岩界面	二叠系下统茅口组灰岩	大冶组灰岩、白云质灰岩
成矿主岩类型/时代	花岗闪长岩，143±1 Ma	花岗闪长斑岩，144±1 Ma	花岗闪长斑岩	花岗闪长斑岩，140.6±2.4 Ma
成矿主岩DI指数	68.48~70.81	73.31~74.08	74.14~74.29	70.70~74.25
成矿主岩氧化性 Fe₂O₃/(FeO+Fe₂O₃)	0.42~0.70	0.41~0.44	0.46	0.35~0.47
成矿时代	143.6±1.7 Ma(辉钼矿Re-Os)	144.7±2.9 Ma(辉钼矿Re-Os)		142~143 Ma(辉钼矿Re-Os)；143.0±0.3Ma(云母⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar)
蚀变类型	石榴子石矽卡岩化、钾长石化、硅化、绢云母化	石榴子石矽卡岩化、硅化、黄铁矿化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化、绿帘石化、绢云母化、蛇纹石化	透辉石石榴子石矽卡岩和石榴子石矽卡岩化、黄铁矿化、钾长石化、绢云母化	石榴子石矽卡岩化、透辉石矽卡岩化、钾化、硅化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化、蛇纹石化
参考文献	舒全安等, 1992; Xie et al., 2007	舒全安等, 1992; 丁丽雪等, 2014	舒全安等, 1992; 丁丽雪等, 2014	Wang et al., 2004; 赵新福等, 2006; Xie et al., 2007; Li et al., 2008

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