Key Geological Questions of the Formation and Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of the East China Sea Shelf Basin
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摘要: 东海陆架盆地是中国近海规模最大的边缘海盆地，历次资源评价均认为其具有丰富的油气资源潜力，但迄今为止，其油气探明程度仍相对较低.因此，有必要对东海陆架盆地从区域构造背景、盆地形成机制到烃源潜力、沉积储层等油气成藏关键问题展开全面的重新研究和认识.通过对东海及其周缘构造单元基础地质资料、研究现状及存在问题的梳理，提出东海陆架盆地中生代盆地原型及其与周边区域构造演化、晚中生代-新生代裂谷盆地差异演化及其成因、沉积充填特征及其控制因素是研究东海陆架盆地形成演化的3个关键的科学问题.因各次级沉降单元差异演化，造成各区域油气成藏的关键地质要素也存在明显差异，其中储层因素是以始新统-渐新统沉积为主的东部坳陷带油气成藏的关键，而烃源岩条件是解答古新统-始新统沉积为主的西部坳陷带油气成藏的基础性问题.Abstract: The East China Sea Shelf Basin(ECSSB) is the largest basin in the offshore China. However, there are not many progresses in oil and gas exploration due to the poor understanding of key issues of the hydrocarbon accumulation because of the lack of clear recognition of some basic geological problems, though it has been considered to be rich in hydrocarbon resources by all previous resource assessments. According to the geological data, previous studies, and existing problems of ECSSB and its adjacent regions, we propose in this paper that three key problems concerning the formation and evolution of the ECSSB are the Mesozoic basin archetype and the tectonic evolution of its peripheral regions, the differential evolution and essential reasons of the Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic rift, sedimentary filling characteristics and its controlling factors. Because of the different evolution histories of subbasins in ECSSB, there are significant differences of the key geological factors related to hydrocarbon accumulation. Thus the reservoir problem is the critical factor to affect the oil and gas accumulation in the east depression zone which mainly deposits Eocene-Oligocene sediments and the hydrocarbon potential of the source rock is the essential question about the oil-gas exploration.
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Key words:
- East China Sea Shelf Basin /
- Lishui Sag /
- Xihu Sag /
- hydrocarbon accumulation /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 东海陆架盆地构造划分
①昆山凹陷; ②金山北凹陷; ③金山南凹陷; ④钱塘凹陷; ⑤椒江凹陷; ⑥丽水凹陷; ⑦澎佳屿凹陷.长江坳陷包括昆山凹陷、金山北凹陷及金山南凹陷; 东部坳陷带东侧控盆断裂因后期强烈构造反转地震剖面难以识别, 未标识为断裂, 而改用构造单元界线
Fig. 1. Division of tectonic units of East China Sea Basin
图 2 东海中-新生代盆地综合柱状图
西部坳陷带中-南部包括钱塘凹陷、丽水凹陷、椒江凹陷及福州凹陷; 西部坳陷带北部限于长江坳陷; 东部坳陷带包括福江凹陷、西湖凹陷及钓北凹陷
Fig. 2. Comprehensive Mesozoic-Cenozoic stratigraphic column of East China Sea Basin
图 3 中国近海海域中生代地层分布及地层对比
Fig. 3. Distributions of Mesozoic stratigraphy and stratigraphic correlation in China offshore region
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