MMEs in the Tangjiangqiongguo Pluton in the North Lhasa Block Formed by Magma Mixing of Different Episodes of the Same Sourced Magma: A New Petrogenetic Model for the MMEs
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摘要: 在西藏北拉萨块体中段唐江穷果岩体中发现了一种新的岩石成因的暗色包体.唐江穷果岩体中暗色包体呈椭球状，与寄主岩之间呈不紧密胶结，在暗色包体和寄主岩的接触面上通常形成一个明显的风化间隙面.暗色包体为角闪闪长斑岩，寄主岩为花岗闪长岩，暗色包体明显较寄主岩更基性，更富Na2O、CaO、MgO和Fe2O3T.暗色包体和寄主岩具有明显不同的稀土元素，暗色包体的稀土元素除La、Ce元素外，整体含量较寄主岩高，且轻重稀土分异弱.两者都具有弧岩浆岩的特征，富集Rb、Cs、K等大离子亲石元素和Th、U，而亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素.暗色包体成岩年龄为113.9±1.0 Ma，寄主岩的成岩年龄为110±1.1 Ma，暗色包体成岩年龄较寄主岩早约4 Ma.此外，两者具有一致的锆石原位Lu-Hf同位素特征.以上岩相学、年代学、元素地球化学和同位素地球化学证据表明，唐江穷果暗色包体和寄主岩来源于同源母岩浆，暗色包体在二次岩浆房中经历了较弱的斜长石结晶分离作用，寄主岩在二次岩浆房中经历了较强的角闪石结晶分离作用.经过结晶分离作用的寄主岩岩浆在侵位过程中将较早形成处于半塑性状态下的暗色包体裹挟至近地表.唐江穷果暗色包体最可能的成因模式可以解释为同源岩浆不同期次间的物理混合.Abstract: This paper proposes a new petrogenetic model for the MMEs (mafic microgranular enclaves) based on a study on the Tangjiangqiongguo pluton in the middle part of the North Lhasa Block,Tibet. The MMEs found in the Tangjiangqiongguo host granitic diorites are hornblende diorites usually presenting axiolite and non-compactly cement with the host rock,with an apparent clearance plane with host rocks. The MMEs have higher Na2O,CaO,MgO and Fe2O3T contents than the host rocks. The MMEs have distinct REE characteristics from host rocks,with higher REE contents (except La and Ce) and weaker fractionation between LREE and HREE. Both the MMEs and host rocks show characteristics of arc rocks with enrichment in LILEs (large ion lithophile elements) Rb,Cs,K,etc.,and Th and U elements,but depletion in HFSEs (high field strength elements) Nb,Ta and Ti elements. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating yields a 113.9±1.0 Ma age and a 110±1.1 Ma age for the MMEs and host rocks,respectively. Although the MMEs are 4 Ma earlier than the host rocks,they have consistent zircon Lu-Hf isotopes. Synthesizing above petrography,geochemistry and isotopic evidence,we suggest the MMEs are derived from the same source rocks with host rocks. The MMEs experienced a weak plagioclase fractional crystallization,but the host rocks experienced a relatively strong hornblende fractional crystallization in respective secondary magma chamber. The differential magma of the host rock wrapped and carried the earlier formed MMEs (in semiplastic) to subsurface. The most probable petrogenetic model for the Tangjiangqiongguo MMEs mingling between magmas of different periods sourced from the same rock.
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Key words:
- North Lhasa Block /
- mafic microgranular enclaves /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- geochemistry /
- Lu-Hf isotopes /
- petrogenesis
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图 1 青藏高原构造单元划分(a)和唐江穷果岩体地质简图(b)
图a据Zhang et al.(2012)、Zhu et al.(2012)修改；图b据曲永贵等(2002)修改
Fig. 1. Tectonic units of the Tibet (a) and geologic map of the Tangjiangqiongguo pluton (b)
图 2 唐江穷果岩体(a, d)及暗色包体(b, c, e~i)手标本照片及薄片镜下照片
Pl.斜长石；Bi.黑云母；Kfs-Ser.钾长石－绢云母；Amp.角闪石；Cum.镁铁闪石；Ap.磷灰石；Qtz.石英；Mtx.基质
Fig. 2. Pictures of the hand specimens and thin sections of the Tangjiangqiongguo (a, d) and MMEs (b, c, e－i)
图 3 唐江穷果岩体(a)及暗色包体(b)CL照片及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年谐和图
Fig. 3. Cathodoluminescene (CL) images and U-Pb concordia diagrams of the Tangjiangqiongguo pluton (a) and MMEs (b)
图 4 唐江穷果岩体及暗色包体SiO2 vs. ALK图解(a)，SiO2 vs. K2O(b), A/CNK vs. A/NK图解(c)及SiO2 vs. Mg#(d)
图a据Middlemost (1994)；图b据Peccerillo and Taylor (1976)；图c据Maniar and Piccoli (1989)；图d据Jiang et al. (2010)及文内参考文献
Fig. 4. Total alkali vs. silica (TAS) diagram (a), SiO2 vs. K2O diagram (b), A/CNK vs. A/NK diagram (c) and SiO2 vs. Mg# (d) of Tangjiangqiongguo pluton and MMEs
图 5 唐江穷果岩体及暗色包体Harker图解及La-(La/Yb)N分离结晶判别图解
Fig. 5. Harker diagrams and La vs. (La/Yb)N fractional crystallization discrimination diagram of the Tangjiangqiongguo pluton and MMEs
图 6 唐江穷果岩体及暗色包体稀土元素配分(a)和微量元素(b)蛛网图
球粒陨石和元素地幔标准化数据据Sun and Mcdonough(1989)
Fig. 6. Chondrite-normalized REE diagram (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagram (b) of the Tangjiangqiongguo pluton and MMEs
图 7 唐江穷果岩体及暗色包体锆石原位Hf同位素εHf(t)(a，c)和TDM2概率统计直方图(b，d)
Fig. 7. Frequency histograms of εHf(t) (a, c) and TDM2 of the zircon in-situ Hf isotopes (b, d) for the Tangjiangqiongguo pluton and MMEs
图 8 唐江穷果岩体及暗色包体Sr-Ba(a)和Rb-Ba结晶分离判别图解(b)
Fig. 8. Sr vs. Ba (a) and Rb vs. Ba (b) fractional crystallization discrimination diagrams of the Tangjiangqioangguo pluton and MMEs
图 9 REE在斜长石(安山岩中)和角闪石(英安岩中)与熔体间的分配系数(a)和瑞利结晶分离作用模型(b)
图a中REE在斜长石与熔体间的分配系数据Fujimaki et al.(1984)，La为0.302，Ce为0.221，Nd为0.149，Sm为0.102，Eu为1.214，Gd为0.067，Dy为0.050，Er为0.045，Yb为0.041，Lu为0.039；REE在角闪石与熔体间分配系数据Giraud et al.(1986)，Ce为0.899，Nd为2.89，Sm为3.99，Eu为3.44，Gd为5.48，Dy为6.20，Er为5.94，Yb为4.89，Lu为4.53；图b中CL为熔体中稀土元素含量；Co为结晶分离过程中母岩浆中稀土元素含量；F为结晶分离过程中液相的含量；D为分配系数
Fig. 9. Distribution coefficients of the plagioclase/melt (in andesite) and the amphibole/melt (in dacite) (a) and Rayleigh fractional crystallization model (b)
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