Re-Definition of the Two-Stage Early-Precambrian Meta-Supracrustal Rocks in the Huai'an Complex, North China Craton: Evidences from Petrology and Zircon U-Pb Geochronology
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摘要: 华北克拉通怀安杂岩中早前寒武纪变质表壳岩具有变质程度深（麻粒岩相）、连续性差、变形及构造置换强烈等特征，地层划分及形成时代一直存在较大争议.通过详细的地质调查、岩石学及年代学研究，新厘定出新太古代桑干岩群铁英岩岩组、石榴黑云片麻岩岩组以及古元古代集宁岩群黄土窑岩组石榴高压基性麻粒岩-大理岩岩段和含石墨矽线石榴片麻岩-变粒岩-大理岩岩段4套变质表壳岩单元，并建立了相应的岩石学识别标志.新太古代变质表壳岩一般呈透镜体或带状体产出于新太古代变质深成岩中，且锆石年龄存在~2.5 Ga和~1.8 Ga两个峰值.铁英岩岩组原岩为一套基性火山岩夹磁铁石英岩建造，产出阿尔戈马型BIF铁矿，形成年龄为2 489±19 Ma；石榴黑云片麻岩岩组主体岩石为条带状石榴黑云斜长片麻岩，原岩为杂砂岩建造，物源来自新太古代TTG岩石.古元古代石榴高压基性麻粒岩-大理岩岩段原岩为一套基性火山岩夹大理岩建造，形成年龄早于~2.03 Ga；含石墨矽线石榴片麻岩-变粒岩-大理岩岩段野外呈带状构造岩片体产出，连续性较好，为一套"有层无序"的孔兹岩组合，碎屑锆石年龄介于2.30~1.99 Ga，与区域上孔兹岩年龄结构一致，形成时代为古元古代晚期（1.99~1.95 Ga）.新太古代和古元古代变质表壳岩均卷入古元古代末期的造山过程（1.95~1.80 Ga），遭受麻粒岩相变质与变形作用.区内孔兹岩可能是造山过程卷入的构造岩片.本研究进一步明确了晋冀蒙交界地区存在与孔兹岩不同的新太古代陆源碎屑岩和古元古代洋壳残片，这对重新认识本区早前寒武纪地质演化具有重要意义.Abstract: The Early-Precambrian meta-supracrustal rocks in the Huai'an Complex of the North China Craton are characterized by high-grade metamorphism (granulite-facies), poor continuity, strong deformation and structural transposition, etc. Division of the stratigraphic units and their formation ages are still controversial. Through detailed geological survey, petrology and geochronological studies, four meta-supracrustal rock assemblages are newly defined, which are the Neoarchean Sanggan Group magnetite-quartzite Formation (MQF), garnet-biotite-plagiogneiss Formation (GBPF) and Paleoproterozoic Jining Group amphibolites marble Formation (AMF), graphite-sillimanite-garnet gneiss Formation (GSGF). Their corresponding petrological marks are also established. Field investigation reveals that the Neoarchean meta-supracrustal rocks usually appear as lenticular inclusions or banded sheet outcropped in the Neoarchean metamorphic plutonites, and the zircon age shows two peaks at ~2.5 Ga and ~1.8 Ga. The protolith of the MQF is a suite of basic volcanic rocks with magnetite quartzite, which produced Algoma-type BIF iron ore and formed at 2 489±19 Ma. The main rock type of GBPF is banded garnet-biotite-plagiogneiss and its protolith is greywacke, indicating that they originated from the Neoarchean TTG rocks. The protolith of the Paleoproterozoic AMF is a suite of basic volcanic rocks intercalated with marble, which formed earlier than~2.03 Ga. The GBPF, which is a suite of Khondalite, presents ribbon-like tectonic slices field outcrops and is characterized by good continuity and stratified but disordered structure. The detrital zircon age of the GBPF ranges from 2.30 to 1.99 Ga, which is regionally consistent with the age of the Khondalite, while its formation age is Late Paleoproterozoic (1.99-1.95 Ga). The Neoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic meta-supracrustal rocks were all involved by the Late Paleoproterozoic orogeny (1.95-1.80 Ga) and underwent granulite-facies metamorphism and deformation. The Khondalites may be exotic tectonic slices during the Late Paleoproterozoic orogeny. This study clarifies that Neoarchean continental clastic rock and Paleoproterozoic oceanic crust exist at the border of Shanxi, Hebei, and Inner Mongolia provinces, which are different from the Khondalites. This may shed light on a new understanding of the geologic evolution of the Early Precambrian Huai'an Complex of the North China Craton.
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Key words:
- North China Craton /
- Huai'an Complex /
- khondalite /
- BIF /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- Early Precambrian /
- petrology
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图 1 华北克拉通构造区划图(a)和晋冀蒙交界地区早前寒武纪地质简图(b)
图a据Zhao et al.(2005)修改.1.早前寒武纪变质杂岩基底(怀安杂岩)；2.孔兹岩系；3.似斑状石榴二长(花岗)片麻岩；4.古元古代白岗岩；5.古元古代变质基性岩墙；6.断层或构造接触界线
Fig. 1. Tectonic subdivision of the North China Craton (a) and Precambrain geological sketch of the border area of Shanxi, Heibei, Inner Mongolia provinces (b)
图 2 天镇-怀安地区地质简图以及采样位置
Fig. 2. Geological sketch of the Tianzhen-Huai'an area and the sampling position in this study
图 3 晋冀蒙交界地区早前寒武纪变质地层划分沿革
①河北省区域地质测量大队, 1967, 1:20万张家口幅地质图说明书；②山西省区域地质测量大队, 1969, 1:20万大同幅地质图说明书；③河北省区域地质测量大队, 1970, 1:20万天镇幅地质图说明书；④内蒙古自治区地质局, 1972, 1:20万集宁幅区域地质测量报告；⑤内蒙古自治区地层表编写组(1978)；⑥内蒙古自治区地质矿产局(1985)；⑦山西省地质矿产局(1989)；⑧沈鸿章, 1990, 内蒙古第二代地层表；⑨内蒙古自治区地质矿产局(1996)；⑩沈其韩等(1996)；⑪山西省地质矿产局区调队, 1996, 1:5万阳高测区区域地质调查报告；⑫河北省地质调查院区调所, 2008, 1:25万张家口市幅区域地质调查报告；⑬山西省地质调查院, 2014, 1:5万天镇测区地质报告；⑭山西省地质调查院, 2014, 1:25万大同市幅区域地质调查报告
Fig. 3. Division history of Early Precambrian metamorphic stratigraphy at the border of Shanxi, Hebei, and Inner Mongolia provinces
图 4 二辉麻粒岩-磁铁石英岩组合野外照片及显微照片
a.磁铁矿采坑；b.铁矿采坑中二辉麻粒岩遭受塑性流变变形改造，在变形过程中被拉断，形成构造透镜体和石香肠构造，拖尾现象明显；c.铁矿采坑露头中见残留的条带状辉石磁铁石英岩，被二长花岗岩脉侵入，且二辉麻粒岩呈塑性变形特征，条带状构造发育；d.BIF呈透镜状包体产出于紫苏英云闪长质片麻岩中；e.BIF与紫苏英云闪长质片麻岩接触界线，两者间产状一致；f.条带状辉石磁铁石英岩露头照片，条带状构造发育；g.二辉麻粒岩显微照片；h.条带状角闪辉石磁铁石英岩全薄片照片；i.辉石磁铁石英岩显微照片.Q.石英；Mt.磁铁矿；Hbl.角闪石；Cpx.单斜辉石；Opx.斜方辉石
Fig. 4. Field photographs of two-pyroxene granulite-magnetite quartzite association and micrographs
图 5 条带状石榴黑云斜长片麻岩野外露头及显微照片
a.石榴黑云片麻岩与紫苏英云闪长质片麻岩相间产出；b.石榴黑云片麻岩与紫苏英云闪长质片麻岩接触界线；c.条带状石榴黑云斜长片麻岩野外露头，条带状构造发育；d~f.条带状石榴黑云斜长片麻岩中含浅色熔体脉；g.条带状石榴黑云斜长片麻岩全薄片显微照片，可见不同成分域；h、i.石榴黑云斜长片麻岩显微照片，石榴石中可见石英和斜长石包裹体.Q.石英；Pl.斜长石；Grt.石榴石；Bi.黑云母
Fig. 5. Field outcrop photographs and micrographs of the banded garnet biotite plagioclase gneiss
图 6 石榴斜长角闪岩-大理岩组合野外露头及显微照片
a.石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩中夹带状大理岩；b.含石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩中可见辉长质浅色脉体；c.石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩中石榴石白眼圈结构；d.石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩中大理岩透镜体，并可见接触反应边；e.侵入大理岩的花岗岩脉发生塑性变形；f.大理岩含晶质石墨；g.石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩显微照片，石榴石中包裹体为Q+Pl+Cpx，边缘白眼圈为Pl+Cpx+Opx，基质为Hbl+Pl；h.石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩显微照片，石榴石中包裹体组合为Pl+Cpx，边缘白眼圈为Pl+Hbl±Cpx组合，基质为Pl+Hbl组合；i.蛇纹石大理岩.Q.石英；Pl.斜长石；Grt.石榴石；Opx.斜长辉石；Cpx.单斜辉石；Hbl.角闪石；Srp.蛇纹石；Cal.方解石；Ms.白云母
Fig. 6. Field outcrops photographys and micrographs of the granet plagioclase amphibolites-marble association
图 7 含石墨矽线石榴钾长片麻岩-变粒岩-大理岩组合野外露头及显微照片
a.紫苏英云闪长质片麻岩与矽线石榴钾长变粒岩界线(史家庄)；b.二辉石英闪长质片麻岩与矽线石榴钾长片麻岩界线(蔓菁沟)；c.含石墨矽线钾长片麻岩中的片麻理面可见大量针状矽线石(罗家山)；d.含石墨矽线石榴钾长片麻岩可见晶质石墨，岩石风化后呈黄褐色(史家庄)；e.含石墨矽线石榴钾长片麻岩呈“似层状”产出(罗家山)；f.钙镁硅酸盐岩露头，夹透辉粗晶大理岩(史家庄)；g.矽线石榴钾长片麻岩(蔓菁沟)；h.矽线石榴钾长片麻岩显微照片；i.含石墨石榴斜长变粒岩显微照片. Q.石英；Pl.斜长石；Sil.矽线石；Grt.石榴石；C.石墨；Kfs.钾长石
Fig. 7. Field outcrops photographys and micrographs of the graphite-sillimanite-granet K-feldspar gneiss-marble association
图 8 天镇地区变质表壳岩样品锆石阴极发光图像
YG-2.条带状角闪辉石磁铁石英岩；16YG-4、HSS-2.条带状石榴黑云斜长片麻岩；16SJZ-1.含石墨矽线石榴黑云钾长片麻岩；16ZJG-3.含石墨石榴钾长变粒岩；LJG-2.石榴角闪二辉麻粒岩.比例尺为100μm
Fig. 8. Cathodoluminescence images of zircons from meta-supracrustal rocks in the Tianzhen area
图 9 天镇-怀安地区变质表壳岩岩石的锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
用于加权平均计算的年龄数据不一致率介于-10%~10%
Fig. 9. Concordia diagrams of U-Pb ages of zircons from meta-supracrustal rocks in the Tianzhen-Huai'an area
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