The Coupling Relationship between Diagenetic Fluid Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Ordovician of Yubei Area, Tarim Basin
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摘要: 尽管流体包裹体均一温度-埋藏史投影法已被广泛地应用于油气成藏时期确定，但对于多旋回叠合盆地仍存在不确定性，即同一个均一温度可对应两个或者两个以上埋藏深度.为减少这种多解性，对研究区63件样品进行了岩石学观察、碳氧同位素测试和流体包裹体系统分析测试，运用成岩序列约束及流体包裹体均一温度和捕获压力双参数来约束确定油气成藏年龄.在确定油包裹体及其同期盐水包裹体的均一温度、油包裹体的气泡填充度和包裹体油组分基础之上，利用PVTsim热动力学模拟软件恢复油包裹体最小捕获压力.将油包裹体捕获压力和其同期盐水包裹体均一温度投影到埋藏史图上来求取油气充注年龄，再把充注年龄标注在同一时间轴上进行油气成藏期次划分和成藏时期确定.结果表明，塔里木盆地玉北地区奥陶系存在3期油充注：第一期发生在加里东晚期447.1~444.0 Ma；第二期发生在海西晚期295.0~274.7 Ma；第三期发生在喜山期14.7~8.8 Ma.第一期和第二期充注的油气在构造"跷跷板"运动过程中发生了破坏或调整，第三期充注油气才可能是勘探的现实目标.Abstract: Although the method of homogenization temperature (Th) of fluid inclusion projecting on burial history diagram with thermal curve to obtain hydrocarbon charging times has been widely and effectively used,some uncertainty arises on the multi-cycle superimposed basins,in which one Th can appear at two or more than two depths. For the purpose of reducing the multiple solutions,63 samples of the Ordovician in Yubei area have been employed to make diagenetic observation,carbon and oxygen isotope analyses,and fluid inclusions analyses. Diagenetic sequence and two parameters of Th and trapping pressure (Pt) have been utilized to doubly constrain the times of hydrocarbon charging. When the Th of oil inclusion and its coeval aqueous inclusion,gas to liquid ratio of oil inclusion and chemical components of oil inclusion are obtained,the trapping pressure of the oil inclusion can be thermodynamically modeled by the software PVTsim. After the Pt of oil inclusion and the Th of its coeval aqueous inclusion were projected doubly on burial history diagram for each well,the hydrocarbon charging time would be determined. Then,we put all the charging times on the same geological age axis,three events of hydrocarbon charging occurred in the Ordovician of Yubei area,Tarim basin:the first event took place from 447.1 Ma to 444.0 Ma (during the Late Caledonian); the secondary event from 295.0 Ma to 274.7 Ma (during the Late Hercynian); the tertiary event from 14.7 Ma to 8.8 Ma (during the Late Himalaya). The oil pools charged by the first and the secondary event were destroyed or adjusted in the process of tectonic movement,and the oil pools charged by the tertiary event maybe the favorable exploration target.
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图 1 塔里木盆地玉北地区T74构造图及YB9井岩性柱状图
Fig. 1. The structural map of T74 showing the sampling well locations in Yubei area Tarim Basin and the lithological column of the Ordovician in well YB9
图 2 玉北地区奥陶系岩心及薄片裂缝、溶孔、溶洞充填方解石和白云石胶结物成岩作用显微照片
a.YB3井，5 444.90 m，O1-2y，泥晶灰岩中发育两组裂缝，早期方解石细脉含有沥青，晚期裂缝充填方解石较粗，岩心照片；b.YB9井，6 561.70 m，O1-2y，泥晶灰岩中溶孔充填方解石，被充填的溶孔具有明显的组构选择性(b为单偏光照片)；c，c’.YB9井，6 883.25 m，O1-2y，颗粒灰岩中沿扩溶缝合线发育的白云石呈红色阴极光，溶孔充填方解石呈橘色阴极光.缝合线内充填有沥青(c为单偏光照片，c’为同视域阴极光照片)；d，d’，YB4井，5 843.13 m，O1-2y，亮晶胶结鲕粒灰岩中裂缝充填方解石呈暗色阴极光，并分布有白云石呈红色阴极光和沥青(d为单偏光照片，d’为同视域阴极光照片)；e，YB9井，6 883.25 m，O1-2y，颗粒灰岩中溶孔充填白云石和方解石，其中白云石呈红色阴极光被溶蚀，方解石至少存在两个世代，早期方解石胶结物呈暗色阴极光，晚期方解石胶结物呈橘黄色阴极光(e为阴极光照片)；f，f’，YB1-1井，5 984.50 m，O1-2y，泥晶灰岩中发育两组裂缝，早期裂缝充填方解石呈暗色阴极光，晚期裂缝充填方解石呈橘黄色阴极光，且含有沥青(f为单偏光照片，f’为同视域阴极光照片).
Fig. 2. Micrographs of the Ordovician cores and thin sections showing the sequences of calcite and dolomite cement filling in fractures, pores and vugs in Yubei area
图 3 玉北地区奥陶系方解石胶结物δ13C-δ18O关系图
Fig. 3. The δ13C-δ18O plot of calcite cement in the Ordovician of Yubei area
图 4 玉北地区奥陶系油包裹体显微荧光照片
a，a’.YB9井，6 846.90 m，O1-2y，泥晶灰岩溶孔充填方解石中检测到单一液相盐水包裹体(a，a’均为单偏光照片)；b，b’. YB9井，6 561.70 m，O1-2y，泥晶灰岩溶孔充填方解石中检测到次生蓝绿色荧光油包裹体(b为单偏光照片，b’为荧光照片)；c. YB9井，6 561.70 m，O1-2y，泥晶灰岩溶孔边缘白云石中检测到原生黄绿色荧光油包裹体(c为荧光照片)；d，d’. YB3井，5 444.90 m，O1-2y，早期裂缝中检测到原生黄绿色荧光油包裹体(d为单偏光照片，d’为荧光照片)；e，e’. YB9井，6 847.20 m，O1-2y，泥晶灰岩溶孔充填方解石中检测到次生黄绿色荧光油包裹体(e为单偏光照片，e’为荧光照片)；f，f’. YB1-1井，5 984.50 m，O1-2y，泥晶灰岩晚期裂缝中检测到原生黄色荧光油包裹体，并含有沥青(f为单偏光照片，f’为荧光照片)
Fig. 4. Fluorescent micrographs of oil inclusions in the Ordovician of Yubei area
图 5 玉北地区奥陶系单个油包裹体显微荧光光谱及QF535~λmax关系图
Fig. 5. Fluorescent spectrums and Plot of relationship between QF535 and λmax of individual oil inclusions in the Ordovician of Yubei area
图 6 玉北地区奥陶系流体包裹体均一温度直方图
Fig. 6. Homogenization temperature histogram of fluid inclusions in the Ordovician of Yubei area
图 7 玉北地区奥陶系油包裹体及其同期盐水包裹体产状、荧光颜色和均一温度与单个油包裹体3D模型重建
a，a’. YB9-6，6 561.70 m，O1-2y，灰岩.灰岩颗粒间方解石胶结物中检测到气液两相蓝绿色荧光的油包裹体及其同期气液两相盐水包裹体(a为透射光照片，a’为荧光照片)，A1~A6为该油包裹体在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下沿Z轴方向的6张切片，切片间步长为0.4 μm，A7为该油包裹体3D模型重建；b，b’. YB9-11，6 847.20 m，O1-2y，灰岩.溶孔充填方解石中检测到气液两相黄绿色荧光的油包裹体及其同期气液两相盐水包裹体(c为透射光照片，B’为荧光照片)，B1~B6为该油包裹体在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下沿Z轴方向的6张切片，切片间步长为0.5 μm，B7为该油包裹体3D模型重建；c，c’. YB3-3，5 444.90 m，O1-2y，灰岩.裂缝充填方解石中检测到气液两相黄绿色荧光的油包裹体及其同期气液两相盐水包裹体(c为透射光照片，c’为荧光照片)C1~C6为该油包裹体在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下沿Z轴方向的6张切片，切片间步长为0.4 μm，C7为该油包裹体3D模型重建.红色箭头所指为油包裹体均一温度，蓝色箭头所指为同期盐水包裹体温度
Fig. 7. Occurences, fluorescence colors and homogenization temperature of oil inclusions and its coeval aqueous inclusions and 3D model of individual oil inclusion taken with Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope in the Ordovician of Yubei area
图 8 YB9井奥陶系流体包裹体均一温度-埋藏史投影示意图
Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of burial curve projected with homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in the Ordovician of well YB 9
图 9 玉北地区奥陶系流体包裹体均一温度捕获压力约束成藏时间
Fig. 9. Double constraint on chronology of hydrocarbon charging events by homogenization temperature and trapping pressure of fluid inclusions in the Ordovician of Yubei area
图 10 玉北地区奥陶系成岩作用类型、序次与含烃流体演化关系图
Fig. 10. The evolution relationship among diagenetic types, sequence and the geofluids bearing hydrocarbon with the burial history in Yubei area, Tarim basin
表 1 玉北地区奥陶系方解石胶结物δ13C - δ18O数据表
Table 1. Data of the δ13C - δ18O of calcite cement in the Ordovician of Yubei area
井号 采样类型 δ13CVPDB(‰) δ13CVPDB(‰)均值 δ18OVPDB(‰) δ18OVPDB(‰)均值 YB3 裂缝充填方解石 -1.26~-2.70 -2.16 -7.71~-8.99 -8.22 YB9 泥晶灰岩 0.60 -5.05 YB9 溶孔充填方解石 -0.89~-1.60 -1.18 -8.31~-9.80 -8.97 YB9 溶洞充填方解石 0.03~-1.54 -0.76 -7.77~-8.36 -8.06 YB10 溶孔充填方解石 -0.93~-1.49 -1.21 -4.70~-5.60 -5.15 
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表 2 玉北地区奥陶系流体包裹体平均均一温度数据表
Table 2. Data of averaged homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in the Ordovician of Yubei area
层位 产状 油包裹体荧光颜色 油包裹体平均均一温度(℃) 同期盐水包裹体平均均一温度(℃) 充注幕次 O1-2y 粒间方解石胶结物 黄绿色 55.1~61.5 — 第一幕 蓝绿色 50.6~64.0 69.5~71.3 溶孔充填方解石 黄色 50.2~60.2 65.4~71.2 黄绿色 49.1~64.5 63.9~78.5 溶孔充填方解石 — — 78.7~99.2 第二幕 粒间方解石胶结物 黄绿色 63.8~88.4 95.8~118.2 第三幕 溶孔充填方解石 黄色 59.6~85.9 92.2~112.7 黄绿色 68.2~85.3 101.7~117.6 裂缝充填方解石 黄绿色 55.2~58.5 105.8~113.2 粒间方解石胶结物 黄绿色 106.6~107.4 120.3~126.7 第四幕 溶孔充填方解石 黄绿色 88.4~90.5 118.2~132.1 裂缝充填方解石 黄绿色 72.8~85.1 118.4~125.7 溶孔充填方解石 黄绿色 102.7~104.6 135.8~146.4 第五幕
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表 3 玉北地区奥陶系油包裹体组分预测
Table 3. Component prediction of oil inclusion in the Ordovician of Yubei area
井号 深度(m) 荧光颜色 λmax (nm) QF535 油包裹体均一温度(℃) 同期盐水包裹体均一温度(℃) 气泡填充度(%) C1 (%) C7+ (%) YB1-1 5 984.50 黄绿色 541 1.81 79.5 96.8 4.96 29.70 44.54 YB1-1 5 984.50 黄绿色 546 1.95 80.5 128.5 10.02 44.56 27.34 YB1-1 5 985.50 黄绿色 546 1.68 80.1 98.5 5.01 29.41 44.87 YB3 5 444.90 黄绿色 545 1.74 72.8 118.4 7.97 42.61 29.61 YB3 5 450.00 黄绿色 522 1.21 86.4 95.8 8.03 38.82 34.16 YB9 6 561.70 蓝绿色 500 1.19 60.2 69.5 2.01 12.54 63.36 YB9 6 846.00 黄绿色 541 1.56 77.6 111.5 2.97 13.10 62.64 YB9 6 846.90 黄色 540 1.55 80.6 112.7 3.98 21.67 53.02 YB9 6 847.20 黄色 539 1.40 54.6 65.4 1.80 14.44 61.00 YB9 6 847.20 黄绿色 537 1.51 71.4 117.6 1.55 2.35 92.82 YB9 6 847.20 黄色 542 1.59 59.6 92.2 1.53 5.44 75.59 YB9 6 883.10 黄色 542 1.62 60.2 71.2 2.03 12.54 63.36 YB9 6 883.10 黄绿色 543 1.52 74.5 101.7 2.98 19.81 54.99 YB9 6 883.25 黄色 542 1.72 77.6 109.1 3.94 23.56 51.04 YB10 6 634.00 黄绿色 538 1.43 63.8 96.0 2.07 9.64 67.38 YB10 6 634.20 黄绿色 538 1.36 83.9 118.0 5.02 27.45 46.95 YB10 6 634.00 蓝绿色 509 1.44 64.0 71.3 2.51 16.82 58.26
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表 4 玉北地区奥陶系流体包裹体均一温度和最小捕获压力约束充注年龄数据表
Table 4. Data of homogenization temperature and trapping pressure of fluid inclusions constraint on chronology of hydrocarbon charging in the Ordovician of Yubei area
井号 深度(m) 宿主矿物 Thoil (℃) Thaq (℃) 均一温度确定年龄(Ma) Pt (MPa) 捕获深度(m) 捕获压力确定年龄(Ma) △t (Ma) 期次 t1 t2 YB9 6 561.70 粒间方解石胶结物 60.2 69.5 445.0 341.9 11.05 1 127.83 447.1 2.1 第一期 YB10 6 634.00 粒间方解石胶结物 64.0 71.3 444.0 336.8 11.27 1 149.54 446.3 2.3 YB9 6 883.10 溶孔充填方解石 60.2 71.2 444.1 336.9 12.18 1 242.53 445.4 1.3 YB9 6 847.20 溶孔充填方解石 54.6 65.4 445.2 349.6 12.67 1 292.60 444.2 1.0 YB9 6 847.20 溶孔充填方解石 59.6 92.2 295.0 - 25.02 2 553.46 290.3 4.7 第二期 YB10 6 634.00 粒间方解石胶结物 63.8 96.0 292.5 - 25.25 2 576.78 289.5 3.0 YB9 6 846.00 溶孔充填方解石 77.6 111.5 284.5 20.1 26.17 2 670.39 287.6 3.1 YB9 6 846.90 溶孔充填方解石 80.6 112.7 287.4 19.6 27.65 2 821.38 284.4 3.0 YB9 6 883.25 溶孔充填方解石 77.6 109.1 287.0 21.3 28.13 2 870.76 282.9 4.1 YB9 6 883.10 溶孔充填方解石 74.5 101.7 289.9 24.5 28.44 2 902.01 282.6 7.3 YB1-1 5 984.50 溶孔充填方解石 79.5 96.8 281.2 - 22.78 2 324.32 282.0 0.8 YB1-1 5 985.50 粒间方解石胶结物 80.1 98.5 282.5 - 23.24 2 371.69 281.8 0.7 YB10 6 634.20 粒间方解石胶结物 83.9 118.0 281.4 18.2 30.84 3 146.68 284.6 3.2 YB9 6 847.20 溶孔充填方解石 71.4 117.6 281.8 18.6 32.43 3 308.97 277.0 4.8 YB3 5 450.00 粒间方解石胶结物 86.4 95.8 276.2 - 23.70 2 418.59 274.7 1.5 YB1-1 5 984.50 裂缝充填方解石 80.5 128.5 11.0 276.3 46.02 4 695.49 14.8 3.8 第三期 YB3 5 444.90 裂缝充填方解石 72.8 118.4 8.8 281.1 44.12 4 502.20 9.7 0.9 注：Thoil为油包裹体均一温度；Thaq为同期盐水包裹体均一温度；t1, t2为流体包裹体均一温度厘定的油气充注年龄；Pt为流体包裹体捕获压力；△t为流体包裹均一温度和捕获压力厘定充注年龄的差值
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