Fluid Filling Rule in Intra-Granular Pores of Feldspar and Fractal Characteristics: A Case Study on Yanchang Formation Tight Sandstone Reservoir in Ordos Basin
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密砂岩储层长石含量较高且脆性破裂发育广泛，目前对该类储层长石粒内孔流体充注规律及分形特征等了解仍然十分匮乏.综合铸体薄片、场发射扫描电镜、图像处理、分形维数计算等手段，提出"粒内充注"概念并对延长组储层长石粒内孔开展了微观充注过程定量模拟，指出长石粒内孔相对于粒间孔的特殊性.从时间上将粒内充注过程划分为前期非稳态充注和后期稳态充注两大阶段，转折点为充注关键时刻.依据充注速率值分布特点，将长石粒内孔某一时刻发生充注的所有空间位置划分为高速充注区、中速充注区、低速充注区三大充注区域，并建立了粒内充注波及系数幂函数变化曲线，厘清了流动轨迹分形维数的物理意义.研究成果可为鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层油气成藏过程恢复提供较为重要的启示.Abstract: The tight sandstone reservoir of Yanchang Formation in Ordos basin has a high content of feldspar and a wide range of brittle fractures. At present, there is still a lack of understanding of the fluid filling rule in intra-granular pores of feldspar and the fractal characteristics. In this study, the concept of "fluid filling in intra-granular pores" of feldspar is proposed by means of casting thin section, field emission scanning electron microscope, image processing and fractal dimension calculation. The micro filling process of feldspar in Yanchang Formation reservoir is simulated quantitatively, and the specialty of the intra-granular pores in feldspar compared with inter-granular pores is pointed out. According to time, the filling process could be divided into two stages, one is unsteady filling in the early stage and the other is steady filling in the later stage. According to the distribution characteristics of filling rate value, all the filling space in the inner-granular pores of feldspar could be divided into three filling areas:high-speed filling area, medium speed filling area and low-speed filling area, and the power function curve of the sweep efficiency is established and the physical significance of the fractal dimension of the flow path is also clarified. The conclusion could provide important enlightenment for the recovery of reservoir forming process of Yanchang Formation in Ordos basin.
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Key words:
- Ordos basin /
- feldspar /
- intra-granular pore /
- fluid filling in intra-granular pores /
- fractal /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层铸体薄片观察
Fig. 2. The casting thin sections observation of Yanchang reservoir in Ordos basin
图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层岩样粒间孔电镜观察
Fig. 3. Inter-granular pore of Yanchang reservoir in Ordos basin under electron microscope
图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层长石粒内孔电镜观察
Fig. 4. Intra-granular pore of Yanchang reservoir in Ordos basin under electron microscope
图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层长石粒内孔喉扫描电镜图像二值化处理
Fig. 5. SEM image binarization processing on the intra-granular pore and throat in feldspar minerals of Yanchang reservoir in Ordos basin
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层长石粒内孔微观充注特征模拟结果
a.100 min; b.300 min; c.700 min; d.1 000 min；图中颜色表征属性为充注速率相对值
Fig. 6. Simulation of microscopic filling characteristics in feldspar of Yanchang reservoir in Ordos basin
图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层长石微观粒内充注速率相对值统计
Fig. 7. Relative filling rate within feldspar of Yanchang reservoir in Ordos basin
图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层长石粒内充注不同时刻波及系数变化曲线
Fig. 8. The sweep efficiency within feldspar of Yanchang reservoir in Ordos basin
图 10 分形维数与充注速率相关参数相关关系
Fig. 10. Cross-plots of fractal dimension of fluid filling and the filling rate
图 11 充注速率与波及面积相关关系
Fig. 11. Cross-plots of fractal dimension of fluid filling and swept area
表 1 储层架构简化模型物性及力学属性的设定参数
Table 1. Parameters of reservoir physical and mechanical properties of simplified model
组分/属性 孔隙度 渗透率(mD) 杨氏模量(GPa) 泊松比 长石矿物骨架 0 0 85.0 0.29 孔喉中的饱和油水 100% 50 0 0.50 
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表 2 各时期长石粒内孔道流体充注路径分形维数计算
Table 2. Fractal dimension of fluid filling path calculation
时刻(min) 分形维数 时刻(min) 分形维数 时刻(min) 分形维数 时刻(min) 分形维数 25 1.177 275 1.027 525 1.368 775 1.337 50 1.198 300 1.038 550 1.366 800 1.328 75 1.217 325 1.04 575 1.358 825 1.329 100 1.201 350 1.039 600 1.355 850 1.326 125 1.171 375 1.033 625 1.338 875 1.33 150 1.202 400 1.216 650 1.342 900 1.328 175 1.218 425 1.235 675 1.34 925 1.329 200 1.226 450 1.281 700 1.345 950 1.335 225 1.23 475 1.311 725 1.338 975 1.331 250 1.152 500 1.367 750 1.333 1 000 1.303
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