塔里木地台北缘早寒武世古海洋氧化-还原环境与优质海相烃源岩发育模式

樊奇; 樊太亮; 李一凡; 张俊鹏; 高志前; 陈跃

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2018.128

塔里木地台北缘早寒武世古海洋氧化-还原环境与优质海相烃源岩发育模式

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2018.128

樊奇^1,2,3, ,,
樊太亮^2,3, ,,
李一凡^2,3,
张俊鹏⁴,
高志前^2,3,
陈跃⁵

1.
中海油研究总院有限责任公司, 北京 100028
2.
中国地质大学能源学院, 北京 100083
3.
海相储层演化与油气富集机理教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083
4.
中国科学院南京地质与古生物研究所, 江苏南京 210008
5.
中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡所, 江苏无锡 214126

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项 2017ZX05005002

中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项 XDA1401020102

国家自然科学基金项目 51574208

国家自然科学基金项目 41102087

详细信息

作者简介:
樊奇(1989-), 男, 博士, 主要从事碳酸盐岩层序地层及烃源岩相关研究

通讯作者:
樊太亮

中图分类号: P621.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-06-11
- 刊出日期: 2020-01-15

Paleo-Environments and Development Pattern of High-Quality Marine Source Rocks of the Early Cambrian, Northern Tarim Platform

Fan Qi^{1,2,3
,
,},
Fan Tailiang^{2,3
, ,},
Li Yifan^2,3,
Zhang Junpeng⁴,
Gao Zhiqian^2,3,
Chen Yue⁵

1.
CNOOC Research Institute Company Limited, Beijing 100028, China
2.
School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Enrichment Mechanism, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
4.
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
5.
Wuxi Branch of Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, SINOPEC, Wuxi 214126, China

摘要

摘要: 塔里木盆地下寒武统玉尔吐斯组是国内已发现的最优质海相烃源岩（TOC=29.8%），但针对该层段开展的古环境地球化学研究较匮乏.选取柯坪地区于提希剖面，开展野外勘查、薄片鉴定、主微量元素及总有机碳含量测试，探究富有机质烃源岩形成环境.研究表明，玉尔吐斯组岩石富集了包括V、U、Ni、Ba、Mo、Cu、Zn等微量元素；其底部硅质页岩展现的“负Ce异常、正Y异常、正Eu异常”的左倾稀土配分模式，较低的Ce/Ce^*（均值0.45），较高的Y/Ho（均值39.77）和极高的Eu/Eu^*（均值35.32）与重晶石、磷结核等，表明塔里木地台北缘在早寒武世初期处于硫化还原和强烈热液活动的海水背景.氧化还原指标U/Al、V/Al、Th/U、V/Sc及Mo-U共变分析，揭示了早寒武世塔里木地台北缘是开阔海；同时，海水经历了“硫化缺氧（玉尔吐斯组A组Th/U_avg=0.070）→次氧化（B组Th/U_avg=1.21；C组Th/U_avg=0.62；D组Th/U_avg=1.21）→硫化缺氧（肖尔布拉克组Th/U_avg=0.13）”的变化过程；并具备较高的古生产力（TOC_max=17.2%，玉尔吐斯组ex-Ba_avg=8 634.85×10^-6）和有利的有机质保存条件.据此，建立了玉尔吐斯组“周期性缺氧事件-热液活动-沿岸上升洋流”背景的缓坡型海相烃源岩发育模式.研究可为塔里木盆地深层-超深层远景油气资源评价与我国西北地区早寒武世古环境演化研究提供重要科学参考.
- 塔里木 /
- 寒武系 /
- 烃源岩 /
- 古环境 /
- 发育模式 /
- 热液 /
- 石油地质
Abstract: The lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation has been confirmed as the best high-quality source rocks of marine rocks in China, and the source rocks of the Cambrian pre-salt play in the Tarim and crucial research field of the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. However, little work has been published about the paleo-environments. Yutixi section in Keping is intensively investigated by a multi proxy analysis including thin-sections identification, major elements, trace elements and TOC contents, for revealing the accumulation mechanisms of the sources rocks in this study. Results demonstrate that the samples are rich in trace elements comprising V, U, Ni, Ba, Mo, Cu and Zn. Along with the weakly positive Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce^*=0.45), extremely positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu^*=35.32), Y/Ho (39.77) and barite for samples of basal Yuertusi Fm., the REEs patterns of negative Ce anomalies, positive Y anomalies and positive Eu anomalies verified the drastic hydrothermal activities and anoxic conditions of the Early Cambrian. Specifically, many proxies including U/Al, V/Al, Th/U, V/Sc, and Mo-U covariation ascertained the paleocean in the northern Tarim was an open sea. The paleocean was under sulfide in period of Yuertusi Fm. Group A (Th/U_avg=0.070). Then it changed into suboxic in periods of Yuertusi Fm. Group B (Th/U_avg=1.21), Group C (Th/U_avg=0.62) and Group D (Th/U_avg=1.21) with generally increased oxidation level. Finally it was under sulfide conditions in period of Xiaoerbulake Fm. (Th/U_avg=0.13). In addition, the elevated productivity and well preservation are implied by the high TOC contents (TOC_max=17.2%) and ex-Ba_avg (8 634.85×10^-6) for Yuertusi Fm. Group A. Ultimately, development pattern of the source rocks of the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Fm., northern Tarim platform is proposed, which is characterized by hydrothermal activities, coastal upwelling and anoxic to sulfide conditions. This study will facilitate both the prospect evaluation of deep and super-deep oil and gas resources in Tarim basin, and studies of Ediacaran-Cambrian paleo-environments transition in NW China.
- Tarim /
- Cambrian /
- source rocks /
- Paleo-environments development pattern /
- hydrothermal /
- petroleum geology /

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图 1 塔里木地台及周缘早寒武世岩相古地理图

Fig. 1. Lithologic paleogeography of the Early Cambrian in the Tarim platform and its surroundings

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图 2 于提希剖面玉尔吐斯组岩石样品显微镜下特征

Fig. 2. Microscopic photos of thin sections for samples of the Yuertusi FM in Yutixi section

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图 3 柯坪地区于提希剖面岩性地层及采样位置

Fig. 3. Stratigraphic analyses and sampling sites of the Yutixi section in Keping

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图 4 玉尔吐斯组、肖尔布拉克组样品主量元素氧化物与Al₂O₃相关性分析

玉尔吐斯组样品28个；肖尔布拉克组样品2个

Fig. 4. Cross-plot of major element versus Al₂O₃ for samples of the Yuertusi Fm. and Xiaoerbulake Fm.

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图 5 于提希剖面岩石样品微量元素富集系数与上地壳比较

按富集特征分组

Fig. 5. Trace element enrichment factors relative to Upper Continential Crust for samples of the Yutixi section

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图 6 于提希剖面PAAS标准化样品稀土元素配分模式

按分布特征和地层单元分组

Fig. 6. PAAS normalized REEs patterns for samples of the Yutixi section

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图 7 Ba与Al交汇图(a)；生源钡（ex-Ba）与总有机碳（TOC）含量交汇图(b)

Fig. 7. Cross-plot of Ba versus Al (a); cross-plot of excess-Ba versus TOC (b)

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图 8 玉尔吐斯组及肖尔布拉克组Mo-U共变分析与Mo/TOC分析图版

Fig. 8. Mo-U covariation for samples of Yuertusi Fm. and Xiaoerbulake Fm.

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图 9 Ce/Ce*分别与Eu/Eu*、bulk REE、Pr/Pr*、Dy/Sm的相关性分析

判别Ce异常真实性；玉尔吐斯组样品28个；肖尔布拉克组样品2个

Fig. 9. Cross-plot of Ce/Ce* versus Eu/Eu*, bulk REE, Pr/Pr*, Dy/Sm repspctively

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图 10 玉尔吐斯组样品及其他样品Eu/Eu*分别与Al₂O₃、Ba的相关性分析

判别Ba化合物的干扰；玉尔吐斯组样品28个；肖尔布拉克组样品2个

Fig. 10. Cross-plot of Eu/Eu* versus Al₂O₃ and Ba repspctively

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图 11 各地层单元样品部分微量元素与Al含量的相关性分析

判别碎屑与海水信号的比重；玉尔吐斯组样品28个；肖尔布拉克组样品2个

Fig. 11. Correlation analysis of part trace elements vs. Al concentrations of every litho unit

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图 12 各地层单元样品TOC分别与U/Al、V/Al的相关性分析

判别是否为硫化缺氧环境；玉尔吐斯组样品28个；肖尔布拉克组样品2个

Fig. 12. Correlation analysis of TOC vs. U/Al, V/Al repspctively of every litho unit

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图 13 柯坪地区于提希剖面样品替代性地球化学指标的垂向分布

Fig. 13. Vertical distribution of selected geochemical proxies in Yutixi section in Keping

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图 14 塔里木盆地下寒武统玉尔吐斯组“缺氧-热液-洋流”烃源岩发育模式

据朱光有等（2016）修改

Fig. 14. Source rocks pattern, characterized by reduction, hydrothermo and upwelling, of the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Fm. in northern Tarim platform

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