Limitations of Traditional Thermobarometer in Applications to Low-Temperature Eclogites: A Case Study of UHP Metamorphic Belt in Southwest Tianshan
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摘要: 榴辉岩相变质岩石的温压研究对理解高压-超高压变质带的形成和演化具有重要意义，但西南天山低温榴辉岩运用石榴石-绿辉石（-多硅白云母）温压计计算的压力普遍低于相平衡模拟的结果.为此，在
Zhang et al.（2017） 对含霓辉石榴辉岩研究结果的基础上，对该区域内榴辉岩及其脉体中的绿辉石进行了岩相学和矿物化学的研究，结果表明绿辉石普遍发育环带结构：从核部到边部，Fe3+含量降低，Al含量增加，Fe3+/Al比值的降低对应于霓石含量的降低和硬玉含量的升高.相平衡模拟中硬玉分子等值线的计算结果表明具有最高硬玉含量的边部绿辉石在降压阶段生长.因此，具有最高含量的硬玉组分的绿辉石并不一定代表峰期压力，在应用石榴石-单斜辉石（-多硅白云母）传统温压计时需谨慎，尤其是应用于低温的、具有复杂环带模式的矿物组合时要尤为慎重.Abstract: The temperature and pressure of eclogite facies metamorphic rocks are very important to understand the formation and evolution of HP-UHP metamorphic belt. However, the pressures calculated by the traditional thermobarometer that involves omphacite are generally lower than those of the phase equilibrium modeling, for eclogites from the UHP metamorphic belt of the Southwest Tianshan. Petrographic and mineral chemical analyses on omphacite in eclogites and HP veins are conducted, inspired by the study ofZhang et al.(2017) . The results show that the omphacite is typically zoned. From core to rim, Fe3+ content continuously decreases, and Al content increases in response; the decrease in Fe3+/Al ratio corresponds to a general decline in the aegirine content and increase in the jadeite content. Phase equilibrium modeling shows that the omphacite rim with the highest jadeite content grew during decompression after the pressure peak. Thus, the maximum in jadeite component does not necessarily represents peak pressure, and the conventional thermobarometers should be used with caution, especially for the low-temperature assemblages with complicated zonation patterns.-
Key words:
- traditional thermobarometer /
- pseudosection /
- omphacite /
- low-temperature eclogites /
- Southwest Tianshan /
- petrology
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图 1 西南天山超高压变质带榴辉岩变质P-T轨迹(实曲线)和P-T条件(方形阴影)总结
Fig. 1. Summary of P-T paths (solid curves) and P-T conditions (shaded squares) derived from eclogites from the Southwest Tianshan UHP belt
图 2 榴辉岩和高压脉体中的绿辉石环带背散射照片
a.榴辉岩中绿辉石核部呈半自形到他形浅灰色，边部呈他形深灰色(HB121-8)；b.高压脉体中绿辉石颗粒粗大，核部呈自形浅灰色，边部则呈自形-半自形深灰色(HB121-8v)；c.部分绿辉石颗粒保留了成分环带，其他颗粒则已难以区分(HB121-10)；d.石英脉中粗粒绿辉石，边部发育角闪石，环带已不明显(HB121-10v)；e.榴辉岩中绿辉石的核部呈半自形灰色，边部呈他形黑色(HB121-13)；f.石英脉中粗粒绿辉石，核部较高的硬玉含量是由于绿辉石中发育裂隙并包裹石英所致(HB121-13v)；g.退变质作用非常强烈，已很难区分出核-边结构，但仍可分出深色和浅色区域，浅色的绿辉石硬玉含量低，深色的绿辉石硬玉含量高，且越靠近脉体处的绿辉石颜色越深(HB121-21)；h.石英脉中粗粒绿辉石垂直脉体边缘生长，边部发育角闪石，环带已不明显(HB121-21v)；i.少数绿辉石颗粒仍保留成分环带，大多颗粒则已难以区分(HB123-5)；j.绿辉石较为粗大，且发生碎裂，边部退变为角闪石，仍可辨别出核-边结构(HB123-5v).白色数字代表绿辉石硬玉(Jd)组分，且从核部到边部硬玉含量总体升高.矿物简写据Whitney and Evans(2010)：Grt.石榴石；Omp.绿辉石；Rt.金红石；Ttn.榍石；Ph.多硅白云母；Pg.钠云母；Amp.角闪石；Czo.斜黝帘石；Dol.白云石；Cal.方解石；Qz.石英；Zrn.锆石
Fig. 2. BSE photographs of omphacite zonations in eclogites and HP veins
图 3 绿辉石成分分类图解
自核部向边部绿辉石霓石组分逐渐降低，硬玉组分逐渐升高，底图据Morimoto (1988)
Fig. 3. Compositional ternary classification diagram of omphacite
图 4 含柯石英假象榴辉岩样品HB121-10 P-T视剖面图叠加绿辉石j(o)等值线
图修改自Zhang et al.(2016)；a.以全岩成分计算的P-T视剖面图；b.以有效全岩成分计算的P-T视剖面图；图中j(o)=硬玉+霓石，以橙色粗实线表示，数值为j47-j58.图中黑色方框里所标数值为样品HB121-10中基质绿辉石实测值；紫色方框所标数值为脉体绿辉石的实测值.矿物简写：Gln.蓝闪石；Lws.硬柱石；Tlc.滑石；Coe.柯石英；Ep.绿帘石；Ky.蓝晶石；Chl.绿泥石；Pl.斜长石；Bt.黑云母；其他矿物简写同上
Fig. 4. P-T pseudosection calculated for coesite pseudomorph bearing eclogite HB121-10 contoured with j(o) isopleths
表 1 榴辉岩和高压脉体中绿辉石代表性主量元素成分
Table 1. Representative major element compositions of omphcites in eclogites and HP veins
Mineral HB121-8 HB121-8v HB121-10 HB121-10v o-c浅 o-r深 o-in-pg o-in-ep o-in-g-r o-c浅 o-r深 o-浅 o-深 o-in-g-m o-c o-r SiO2 55.31 55.20 55.59 54.41 56.27 56.72 58.41 56.07 55.66 55.55 56.40 56.18 TiO2 0.07 0.03 0.05 0 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.05 0 0 0.05 Al2O3 9.80 11.44 11.82 11.49 11.08 11.16 12.55 11.36 12.31 9.48 10.53 10.91 Cr2O3 0.05 0.12 0 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.09 0 0.03 0.11 0 0.02 FeO 7.21 4.12 3.29 5.05 7.13 6.88 3.57 3.90 2.97 8.75 6.63 5.81 MnO 0 0.01 0 0.04 0.02 0.04 0 0.03 0 0.02 0.03 0.01 MgO 6.82 7.66 8.00 8.71 6.25 6.38 7.29 7.56 7.82 6.69 7.04 6.64 CaO 12.08 12.95 12.98 11.87 10.78 11.15 11.58 12.88 12.65 12.55 11.94 11.49 Na2O 7.46 7.18 7.03 6.39 8.28 8.01 7.69 7.82 7.52 7.79 7.85 7.85 K2O 0.01 0 0 0.04 0.02 0.01 0 0.01 0.03 0.03 0 0.01 Totals 98.80 98.71 98.76 98.10 99.86 100.41 101.25 99.68 99.04 100.97 100.43 98.96 Si 2.001 1.981 1.989 1.971 2.004 2.013 2.027 1.984 1.978 1.971 1.998 2.017 Ti 0.002 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0 0 0.001 Al 0.418 0.484 0.499 0.491 0.465 0.467 0.513 0.474 0.516 0.397 0.440 0.462 Cr 0.001 0.003 0 0.003 0.000 0 0.003 0 0.001 0.003 0 0.001 *Fe3+ 0.100 0.049 0.008 0.016 0.097 0.056 0 0.093 0.044 0.195 0.103 0.047 **Fe3+ 0.105 0.012 0 0 0.108 0.085 0.001 0.063 0.002 0.137 0.099 0.084 Fe2+ 0.119 0.074 0.090 0.137 0.115 0.148 0.104 0.023 0.044 0.065 0.094 0.127 Mn 0 0 0 0.001 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0 Mg 0.368 0.410 0.427 0.470 0.332 0.337 0.377 0.399 0.414 0.354 0.372 0.355 Ca 0.468 0.498 0.498 0.460 0.411 0.424 0.431 0.488 0.482 0.477 0.453 0.442 Na 0.524 0.499 0.488 0.449 0.572 0.551 0.517 0.537 0.518 0.536 0.539 0.547 K 0 0 0 0.002 0.001 0.001 0 0 0.001 0.001 0 0 Sum 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000 Jd 41.900 46.500 48.800 46.200 46.900 48.000 54.000 45.800 49.400 36.800 43.800 47.900 Ae 10.000 4.900 0.800 1.600 9.700 5.600 0.000 9.300 4.400 19.500 10.300 4.700 WEE 48.100 48.600 50.400 52.200 43.400 46.400 46.000 44.900 46.200 43.700 45.900 47.400 Mineral HB121-13 HB121-13v HB121-21 HB121-21v HB123-5 HB123-5v o-c浅 o-r深 o-c浅 o-r深 o-c浅 o-r深 o-c浅 o-r深 o-c浅 o-r深 o-c浅 o-r深 SiO2 56.22 56.78 55.30 57.18 55.75 57.54 56.35 56.18 56.18 56.49 56.72 57.65 TiO2 0.12 0.03 0.09 0.06 0.03 0 0.03 0.02 0 0.05 0.05 0.01 Al2O3 10.33 12.61 10.01 12.77 9.43 13.71 10.22 11.54 11.53 11.25 10.04 12.02 Cr2O3 0.02 0 0 0.02 0 0.01 0 0 0.09 0.06 0 0.01 Fe2O3 4.82 0 6.01 0 4.63 0.40 5.47 2.75 2.95 2.23 2.16 2.66 FeO 9.77 1.99 9.94 2.72 9.25 4.62 9.86 7.56 2.80 3.11 6.62 5.70 MnO 0.04 0 0.06 0.01 0 0 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.06 MgO 5.30 7.19 5.01 6.51 6.16 5.97 5.15 5.37 9.00 8.33 7.29 6.56 CaO 10.35 11.93 10.04 11.74 12.10 10.55 10.60 10.22 13.96 13.55 12.54 11.30 Na2O 8.43 7.58 8.58 7.74 7.57 8.70 8.54 8.49 7.24 7.38 7.34 8.49 K2O 0.02 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0 0.01 0.02 0 0 Totals 100.60 98.12 99.03 98.76 100.29 101.11 100.83 99.43 101.11 100.25 100.67 101.81 Si 2.007 2.023 2.004 2.029 2.001 2.008 2.007 2.014 1.963 1.987 2.013 2.005 Ti 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0 0.001 0.001 0 Al 0.435 0.530 0.428 0.534 0.399 0.564 0.429 0.488 0.475 0.467 0.420 0.493 Cr 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0 0 0 0.002 0.002 0 0 *Fe3+ 0.129 0 0.163 0 0.125 0.009 0.145 0.073 0.077 0.059 0.057 0.068 **Fe3+ 0.148 0 0.175 0 0.128 0.025 0.161 0.102 0.014 0.035 0.085 0.080 Fe2+ 0.162 0.059 0.138 0.081 0.152 0.126 0.148 0.154 0.004 0.032 0.140 0.097 Mn 0.001 0 0.002 0 0 0 0.002 0.001 0 0 0.002 0.002 Mg 0.282 0.382 0.271 0.344 0.329 0.310 0.273 0.287 0.469 0.437 0.386 0.340 Ca 0.396 0.455 0.390 0.446 0.465 0.394 0.404 0.393 0.523 0.511 0.477 0.421 Na 0.583 0.524 0.603 0.532 0.527 0.589 0.590 0.590 0.491 0.503 0.505 0.573 K 0.001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 Sum 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Jd 44.2 52.4 43.2 53.2 40 57.2 43.6 50.2 43.8 45.4 43.3 49.8 Ae 12.9 0 16.3 0 12.5 0.9 14.5 7.3 7.7 5.9 5.7 6.8 WEE 42.9 47.6 40.5 46.8 47.5 41.9 41.9 42.5 48.5 48.7 51.0 43.4 注：o-c.绿辉石核部；o-r.绿辉石边部；o-in-pg.钠云母中的绿辉石包体；o-in-ep.绿帘石中的绿辉石包体；o-in-g-r.石榴石边部的绿辉石包体；o-in-g-m.石榴石幔部的绿辉石包体；深和浅代表背散射图像中的颜色；其中绿辉石化学式中Fe3+含量计算方法：*Fe3+由AX程序根据电价平衡计算(T.J.B.Holland, http://www.esc.cam.ac.uk/astaff/holland/as.html)；**Fe3+通过Na+K-Cr-Al估算. 
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