Gas Generation Evolution and Potential Analysis of Carboniferous-Permian Coal-Measured Source Rocks in Dongpu Depression
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摘要: 东濮凹陷石炭-二叠系煤系烃源岩的生烃演化时空差异性尚存在争议，烃源岩热演化生烃史的定量化研究仍有待进一步深入.利用热模拟实验和盆地模拟技术对烃源岩热演化生烃史进行了系统定量评价.煤系暗色泥岩、煤和碳质泥岩具有相似的生气模式，以Ro为0.5%、1.2%、2.2%、3.15%作为界限，将煤系烃源岩生气作用统一划分为5个阶段，其中主生气期门限Ro为2.2%，对应深度约为5 500 m；东濮凹陷石炭-二叠系源岩经历海西-印支期、喜山早期和喜山晚期三期成熟演化过程，其中古近纪沙一-东营期和新近纪明化镇中期-现今是主要生烃期，烃源岩演化普遍进入成熟-过成熟阶段；三期演化对应生烃贡献比例分别为9.28%、62.07%、28.64%，主力生烃范围集中在洼陷带及中央隆起带中部一带，煤生气贡献量最大、占68%.Abstract: The space-time difference of hydrocarbon generation and evolution of Carboniferous-Permian coal-measured source rocks in Dongpu depression has always been a dispute. In addition, the quantitative study of hydrocarbon generation history of source rocks remains to be further studied. In this study, the thermal evolution history of source rock was quantitatively evaluated by thermal simulation and basin simulation. It shows that similar gas generation model could be applied to coal-measured mudstone, coal and carbonaceous mudstone with Ro value of 0.5%, 1.2%, 2.2%, and 3.15%. Gas generation phase of source rocks could be divided into five stages. The Carboniferous-Permian source rocks in study area have experienced mature evolution periodically and the whole process of hydrocarbon generation occurring to the source rocks could be divided into three periods, which are the Hercynian-Indosinian epoch, the Early Himalayan epoch and the Late Himalaya epoch. However, the main gas generation periods are distributed from Late Paleogene Shahejie to Dongying period and Neogene Minghuazhen period to the present and thermal evolution of the source rock also entered into the mature-overmature stage meanwhile. The cumulative gas generation intensity was strongest in the Early Himalaya epoch, followed by the Late Himalayan epoch and the Hercynian-Indosinian epoch and the amount of gas generation during the three periods was 9.28%, 62.07%, 28.64% respectively. The main hydrocarbon generation areas are concentrated in the sag zone and in the middle of the central uplift zone, and the gas generation contribution of coal is the largest, accounting for 68% of the total.
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图 1 渤海湾盆地地质简图(a)和东濮凹陷构造单元划分及天然气分布(b)
Fig. 1. The geological map of the Bohai Bay basin (a) and tectonic units division and natural gas distribution of Dongpu depression (b)
图 2 东濮凹陷煤系烃源岩生气阶段划分
Fig. 2. Division of gas generation stage on coal-measured source rocks in Dongpu depression
图 3 东濮凹陷不同构造带石炭－二叠系煤系烃源岩构造－埋藏史(a)及受热演化史(b)
Fig. 3. Tectonic-burial history (a) and thermal evolution history (b) of Carboniferous-Permian coal-measured source rocks in different tectonic belt of Dongpu depression
图 4 东濮凹陷石炭－二叠系煤系烃源岩成熟度演化
Fig. 4. Maturity evolution of Carboniferous-Permian coal-measured source rocks in Dongpu depression
图 5 东濮凹陷石炭－二叠系烃源岩不同时期累积生气强度等值线图
Fig. 5. The cumulative gas generating intensity contours in different periods of Carboniferous-Permian source rocks in Dongpu depression
图 6 东濮凹陷石炭－二叠系烃源岩不同时期(a)、不同岩性(b)生烃贡献量百分比直方图
Fig. 6. Histogram of contribution of hydrocarbon generation in different periods (a) and different lithology (b) of Permo-Carboniferous source rocks in Dongpu depression
表 1 热模拟实验样品基本地化特征
Table 1. Basic geochemical characteristics of the samples for thermal simulation experiment
样品号 岩性 地层 Ro(%) TOC(%) S1(mg/g) S2(mg/g) Tmax(℃) HI(mg/g) 类型 庆古1井 煤 C2t 0.96 70.94 7.84 86.8 491 155.56 Ⅲ 庆古2井 碳质泥岩 C2t 0.89 11.61 0.76 5.09 472 65.51 Ⅲ 毛4井 暗色泥岩 C2t 0.77 2.21 0.4 1.03 456 41.70 Ⅲ 
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