羌塘盆地东部那益雄组玄武岩地球化学特征及构造意义

李学仁; 王剑; 万友利; 付修根

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2017.599

羌塘盆地东部那益雄组玄武岩地球化学特征及构造意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.599

李学仁^1,2,3,,
王剑^3,4, ,,
万友利^3,4,
付修根^3,4

1.
中国地质科学院, 北京 100037
2.
中国地质大学地球科学与资源学院, 北京 100083
3.
国土资源部沉积盆地与油气资源重点实验室, 四川成都 610081
4.
中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心, 四川成都 610081

基金项目:

中国地质调查局项目 121201010000161110

国家青年科学基金项目 41502112

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160159

国家青年科学基金项目 41702119

详细信息

作者简介:
李学仁(1986-), 男, 博士研究生, 主要从事古生物学与地层学研究

通讯作者:
王剑

中图分类号: P597
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-10-07
- 刊出日期: 2018-02-15

Geochemical Characteristics and Tectonic Implications of Nayixiong Formation Basalts in Eastern Qiangtang Basin, Tibet

Li Xueren^{1,2,3
,},
Wang Jian^{3,4
, ,},
Wan Youli^3,4,
Fu Xiugen^3,4

1.
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
2.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Key Laboratory for Sedimentary Basin and Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Land and Resources, Chengdu 610081, China
4.
Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China

摘要

摘要: 羌塘盆地东部那益雄组玄武岩作为裂谷演化最后阶段的喷发产物，其成岩年龄和地球化学特征为裂谷的关闭时间和二叠纪构造演化提供了重要约束.在剖面地质调查基础上，对那益雄组玄武岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及全岩分析测试，结果显示：那益雄组玄武岩锆石U-Pb年龄为257.2±2.9 Ma，形成于晚二叠世；该玄武岩属于大陆拉斑玄武岩系列，轻微富集Ta元素而轻微亏损Nb元素，是软流圈地幔物质上涌与岩石圈地幔相互作用的产物，形成于裂谷关闭碰撞后的伸展背景.羌塘地块东部二叠纪玄武岩的地球化学数据显示，早二叠世-晚二叠世玄武岩具有由OIB型玄武岩向火山弧型玄武岩过渡的演化趋势，表明羌塘地块东部板内裂谷在早二叠世打开，中二叠世进入裂谷演化阶段，于晚二叠世关闭.
- 羌塘盆地 /
- 那益雄组 /
- 玄武岩 /
- U-Pb定年 /
- 构造意义 /
- 地球化学 /
- 地质年代学
Abstract: The Nayixiong Formation basalts in the eastern Qiangtang basin were the eruption products of the last stage of rift evolution, and their diagenetic age and geochemical characteristics provided important constraints for the closure time of the rift and the tectonic evolution of the Permian. Based on the profile geological survey, LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and whole rock analysis of the Nayixiong Formation basalts were carried out in this study. Nayixiong Formation basalt samples yield the concordant age with a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 257.2±2.9 Ma. The geochemical characteristics of the basalts show a tholeiitic basalt affinity, with slight enrichment of Ta and slight negative Nb anomalies, as well as exhibiting no Eu-anomalies. The Nayixiong Formation basalts were likely resulted from the interaction between the upwelling asthenosphere and the lithospheric mantle that formed by the predated underplating. we propose that the basalts formed in an extensional setting after the closure of the Permian rift. All of the Permian basalts geochemical data show a transitional trend that the Early Permian-Late Permian basalts gradually evolved from OIB continental basalt to volcanic arc basalt, demonstating that the Permian rift undergoing the opening, rifting and closing from Early Permian to Late Permian in eastern Qiangtang terrane. The Nayixiong Formation basalts formed in an extensional setting after the amalgamation of intra-plate rift, confirming that the Qiangtang terrane was a tectonic transitional phase experiencing extension and closure of intra-plate rift (limited ocean) in the Late Permian.
- Qiangtang basin /
- Nayixiong Formation /
- basalts /
- U-Pb dating /
- tectonic implications /
- geochemistry /
- geochronology

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图 1 羌塘盆地构造位置及二叠纪火山岩分布(a)，研究区地质简图及采样位置(b)和周琼玛鲁二叠系柱状图(c)

TR.塔里木盆地；QD.柴达木盆地；AKMS.阿尼玛卿-昆仑-木孜塔格缝合带；HJS.可可西里-金沙江缝合带；SP.松潘甘孜复理石杂岩；HXP.可可西里山前褶皱带；QT.羌塘盆地；BNS.班公湖-怒江缝合带；LS.拉萨地体；YTS.雅鲁藏布缝合带；HMLY.喜马拉雅地体；图1中年龄数据见表 1

Fig. 1. Tectonic outline of the Qiangtang basin and the distribution of the Permian volcanic rocks (a), simplified geological map of the study area and locations of the samples (b), the Permian stratigraphic column of Zhouqiongmalu (c)

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图 2 玄武岩野外露头及显微照片

Fig. 2. Outcrop photograph and micrograph of the basalts

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图 3 那益雄组玄武岩典型锆石CL图像(a)和U-Pb谐和图(b)

图a中白色圆圈代表锆石U-Pb测年点，数字为测点编号

Fig. 3. Representative zircon CL images (a) and U-Pb concordia diagram (b) of the Nayixiong Formation basalts

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图 4 那益雄组玄武岩Nb/Y-Zr/TiO₂图解(a)和SiO₂-FeO^T/MgO图解(b)

Fig. 4. Plots of Nb/Y-Zr/TiO₂ (a) and SiO₂-FeO^T/MgO (b) for Nayixiong Formation basalts

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图 5 那益雄组(a，b)、诺日巴尕日保组(c，d)、尕笛考组(e，f)玄武岩稀土元素配分模式和微量元素蛛网图

诺日巴尕日保组、尕笛考组玄武岩数据引自1：25万直根尕卡幅；OIB型玄武岩数据引自Sun and McDonough(1989)

Fig. 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and PM-normalized trace element spider diagrams for Nayixiong Formation (a, b), Nuoribagaribao Formation (c, d) and Gadikao Formation (e, f) basalts

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图 6 二叠纪玄武岩构造背景判别图解

图a据Meschede(1986)，图b据Pearce and Norry (1979)，图c据Cabanis and Lecolle (1989)，图d据Shervais (1982)；A1.板内碱性玄武岩，A2.板内碱性玄武岩和板内拉斑玄武岩，B.富集型洋中脊玄武岩，C.板内拉斑玄武岩和火山弧型玄武岩，D.亏损型洋中脊玄武岩和火山弧型玄武岩；1A.钙碱性玄武岩，1B.过渡型，1C.火山弧拉斑玄武岩，2A.大陆玄武岩，2B.弧后盆地玄武岩, 3A.大陆裂谷碱性玄武岩，3B.富集型洋中脊玄武岩，3C.富集型洋中脊玄武岩，3D.正常洋中脊玄武岩；WPB.板内玄武岩，MORB.洋中脊玄武岩，IAB.岛弧玄武岩，OIB.洋岛玄武岩，CFB.大陆泛流玄武岩，IAT.岛弧拉斑玄武岩，AB.钙碱性玄武岩

Fig. 6. The discrimination diagrams of Permian basalts

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图 7 那益雄组玄武岩形成模式示意图

Fig. 7. Simplified formation model of the Nayixiong Formation basalts

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表 1 羌塘盆地二叠纪基性岩

Table 1. Summary of the Permian basic rocks from Qiangtang basin

样品	岩性	测试方法	年龄(Ma)	纬度(N), 经度(E)	数据来源
Qsm01	辉绿岩	Sm-Nd	299	戈木日东侧	李才(2004)
GS26-1	玄武岩	SHRIMP	287	莫云一带	李善平(2008)
Ge06	辉绿岩	SHRIMP	284	33°28′12″，85°19′24″	翟庆国(2009)
E0812	辉绿岩	SHRIMP	279	33°18′29″，86°01′38″	Zhai et al.(2013)
Ge0815	辉长岩	SHRIMP	282	33°10′39″，85°15′39″	Zhai et al.(2013)
LG0801	辉绿岩	SHRIMP	285	33°51′22″，84°01′06″	Zhai et al.(2013)
LG0802	辉绿岩	SHRIMP	285	33°41′35″，84°03′55″	Zhai et al.(2013)
T41	辉绿岩	LA-ICP-MS	291	33°59′07″，84°14′03″	Xu et al.(2013)
T51	辉绿岩	LA-ICP-MS	292	33°55′10″，84°20′13″	Xu et al.(2013)
L07	辉绿岩	LA-ICP-MS	290	34°27′57″，84°58′38″	Xu et al.(2016)
L26	辉绿岩	LA-ICP-MS	290	34°03′55″，84°56′03″	Xu et al.(2016)
QZ5-X1	玄武岩	LA-ICP-MS	267	角木茶卡	未发表
15R3	玄武岩	LA-ICP-MS	257	34°53′48″，91°51′21″	本文

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表 2 那益雄组玄武岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素分析结果

Table 2. Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data of the Nayixiong Formation basalt

样品号	含量(10^-6)			Th/U	同位素比值				同位素年龄(Ma)
样品号	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb	1σ	²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U	1σ	²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U	1σ
15R3-01	30 517	1 423	348 898	0.004 1	0.811 4	0.028 8	0.097 5	0.001 5	617	72.2	603	16.1	600	8.7
15R3-02	312 592	119 199	40 665	2.931 3	10.795 4	0.261 0	0.480 3	0.005 6	2 483	39.2	2 506	22.5	2 528	24.3
15R3-03	105 123	268 145	172 334	1.556 0	0.582 9	0.022 8	0.066 0	0.000 8	746	83.3	466	14.6	412	4.6
15R3-04	162 839	98 849	171 085	0.577 8	3.008 7	0.064 5	0.245 3	0.002 7	1 398	38.6	1 410	16.4	1414	14.2
15R3-05	51 932	199 447	251 198	0.794 0	0.298 3	0.022 0	0.041 1	0.001 0	343	181	265	17.2	259	6.5
15R3-06	52 714	122 710	285 648	0.429 6	0.423 2	0.023 3	0.056 7	0.001 0	398	133	358	16.6	355	5.8
15R3-07	64 794	212 195	225 994	0.938 9	0.330 2	0.019 6	0.045 4	0.000 9	328	153	290	14.9	286	5.3
15R3-08	94 225	216 599	208 163	1.040 5	0.535 7	0.018 8	0.066 5	0.000 8	543	75.9	436	12.4	415	4.8
15R3-09	92 754	187 918	215 763	0.870 9	0.578 2	0.026 3	0.071 4	0.001 2	546	90.7	463	16.9	444	7.5
15R3-10	91 965	193 280	214 299	0.901 9	0.588 8	0.028 6	0.070 7	0.001 0	633	102	470	18.3	440	5.9
15R3-11	54 561	177 841	260 271	0.683 3	0.312 8	0.018 5	0.040 3	0.000 8	487	150	276	14.3	255	5.1
15R3-12	77 612	307 022	180 672	1.699 3	0.315 9	0.021 4	0.040 5	0.001 0	528	174	279	16.5	256	6.0
15R3-13	222 497	67 700	105 531	0.641 5	11.275 5	0.226 9	0.474 5	0.005 3	2 576	30.7	2 546	18.8	2 503	23.2
15R3-14	69 032	160 332	249 020	0.643 9	0.469 4	0.020 3	0.060 5	0.001 0	476	89.8	391	14.0	379	5.9
15R3-15	64 393	159 206	255 099	0.624 1	0.396 0	0.018 7	0.054 6	0.000 8	350	114	339	13.6	343	5.1
15R3-16	56 743	207 668	244 209	0.850 4	0.304 1	0.016 4	0.040 7	0.000 6	389	119	270	12.8	257	3.6
15R3-17	100 200	234 055	190 755	1.227 0	0.486 2	0.017 6	0.066 0	0.000 8	339	79.6	402	12.1	412	4.7
15R3-18	120 963	285 644	154 447	1.849 5	0.487 9	0.017 8	0.065 4	0.000 9	372	75.0	403	12.2	409	5.4
15R3-19	90 205	352 551	151 526	2.326 7	0.267 8	0.012 8	0.040 7	0.000 8	200	-71	241	10.3	257	5.0
15R3-20	96 106	230 617	194 137	1.187 9	0.525 2	0.019 5	0.063 4	0.000 8	591	106	429	13.0	396	5.1
15R3-21	77 070	199 086	216 974	0.917 6	0.485 8	0.034 6	0.056 9	0.001 2	728	156	402	23.6	357	7.1
15R3-22	102 458	232 924	184 537	1.262 2	0.552 0	0.022 8	0.066 7	0.001 1	620	92.6	446	15.0	416	6.5
15R3-23	119 009	275 270	153 774	1.790 1	0.483 1	0.019 7	0.064 9	0.001 0	383	94.4	400	13.5	405	6.3
15R3-24	214 522	163 165	95 427	1.709 8	2.205 6	0.079 1	0.207 5	0.003 1	1 124	72.2	1 183	25.1	1 216	16.7
15R3-25	273 138	64 528	67 663	0.953 7	12.184 8	0.303 3	0.520 2	0.007 2	2 550	39	2 619	23.4	2 700	30.4
15R3-26	101 858	112 995	227 229	0.497 3	0.680 5	0.025 8	0.083 8	0.001 3	565	81	527	15.6	519	7.7
15R3-27	64 237	96 893	284 968	0.340 0	0.447 1	0.020 5	0.059 0	0.001 0	398	98.1	375	14.4	369	6.2
15R3-28	229 639	119 379	96 674	1.234 9	3.438 7	0.081 1	0.256 9	0.004 0	1 569	42.9	1 513	18.6	1 474	20.6
15R3-29	179 107	79 920	99 729	0.801 4	3.313 1	0.085 3	0.261 4	0.003 9	1454	43	1484	20.1	1497	20.1
15R3-30	145 833	266 262	139 347	1.910 8	0.619 1	0.020 6	0.069 7	0.001 0	767	72	489	12.9	434	6.1
15R3-31	225 667	119 913	111 426	1.076 2	2.958 7	0.080 6	0.240 2	0.004 0	1 411	50	1 397	20.7	1 388	21.0
15R3-32	81 637	237 231	212 821	1.114 7	0.272 6	0.014 1	0.040 8	0.000 7	109	124.1	245	11.3	258	4.6
15R3-33	183	393	1 922	0.204 3	0.402 9	0.011 9	0.056 5	0.000 6	254	64.8	344	8.6	354	3.4
15R3-34	239	614	1 396	0.439 7	0.483 0	0.014 1	0.061 9	0.000 6	476	69	400	9.6	387	3.6
15R3-35	111	370	384	0.965 0	0.420 6	0.029 5	0.056 5	0.000 8	398	159	356	21.1	354	4.9
15R3-36	252	703	824	0.853 6	0.468 0	0.020 9	0.066 7	0.000 8	235	106	390	14.5	416	4.8
15R3-37	141	397	657	0.603 8	0.430 9	0.026 2	0.056 4	0.001 0	457	136	364	18.6	354	6.2
15R3-38	740	1 369	2 561	0.534 4	0.714 1	0.018 3	0.091 9	0.000 9	454	19.4	547	10.9	567	5.5
15R3-39	216	293	1 207	0.242 7	0.569 4	0.019 3	0.067 1	0.000 6	657	72.2	458	12.5	419	3.9
15R3-40	328	1 004	1 780	0.564 2	0.400 7	0.014 0	0.056 5	0.000 7	257	78	342	10.1	354	4.3
15R3-41	281	1 182	1 437	0.822 5	0.287 7	0.014 4	0.040 5	0.000 5	276	110	257	11.4	256	3.4
15R3-42	251	705	1 736	0.406 0	0.395 5	0.013 2	0.056 6	0.000 6	217	74	338	9.6	355	3.5
15R3-43	127	374	522	0.717 8	0.417 7	0.023 3	0.057 0	0.000 7	367	121.3	354	16.7	357	4.5
15R3-44	775	483	663	0.728 7	3.800 5	0.086 0	0.279 6	0.002 7	1591	39.7	1593	18.2	1590	13.7
15R3-45	3 729	3 251	5 767	0.563 8	2.588 1	0.047 9	0.197 6	0.001 3	1 517	33	1 297	13.6	1 162	6.9
15R3-46	324	918	1 312	0.699 6	0.455 1	0.017 6	0.061 3	0.000 8	346	84	381	12.3	384	4.8
15R3-47	189	455	698	0.651 3	0.531 0	0.021 2	0.068 9	0.000 9	465	91	433	14.1	429	5.5
15R3-48	210	658	1 012	0.649 6	0.402 8	0.014 4	0.057 1	0.000 7	243	79	344	10.4	358	4.2
15R3-49	95	356	726	0.490 4	0.278 3	0.015 8	0.041 0	0.000 7	176	135.2	249	12.5	259	4.1
15R3-50	128	589	501	1.175 0	0.304 4	0.020 5	0.040 8	0.000 7	394	157.4	270	15.9	258	4.3
15R3-51	3 214	1 401	3 179	0.440 7	8.892 1	0.168 5	0.409 3	0.003 6	2 417	31	2 327	17.4	2 212	16.6
15R3-52	171	492	632	0.777 7	0.431 2	0.020 3	0.061 5	0.000 7	235	111	364	14.4	385	4.4
15R3-53	430	1 204	2 137	0.563 4	0.481 4	0.012 1	0.063 3	0.000 6	409	57	399	8.3	396	3.9
15R3-54	401	276	357	0.771 4	3.841 3	0.107 2	0.282 1	0.003 3	1 589	51.4	1 601	22.5	1 602	16.6
15R3-55	1 011	332	494	0.673 3	13.610 3	0.307 1	0.533 5	0.004 9	2 684	37.0	2 723	21.4	2 756	20.6

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表 3 那益雄组玄武岩主量元素(%)和微量元素(10^-6)分析结果

Table 3. Major elements (%) and trace elements (10^-6) data of the Nayixong Formation basalts

样品号	15R9-H31	15R9-H32	15R9-H33	15R9-H34	15R9-H35	15R9-H36	15R9-H37	15R9-H38
SiO₂	47.43	47.23	42.15	42.90	42.00	42.51	43.47	44.92
TiO₂	1.57	1.57	1.30	1.45	1.45	1.35	1.45	1.24
Al₂O₃	13.81	13.56	11.14	12.89	12.51	11.55	12.98	10.60
Fe₂O₃	3.59	3.69	4.90	3.65	0.85	4.19	3.79	7.66
FeO	8.82	8.73	5.73	7.27	9.56	6.16	7.29	2.08
MnO	0.19	0.19	0.14	0.19	0.17	0.16	0.17	0.14
MgO	8.07	8.11	6.78	7.39	7.38	6.86	7.44	2.25
CaO	8.88	8.95	11.94	10.40	11.02	11.91	9.58	14.47
Na₂O	2.54	2.58	3.18	2.73	3.03	2.76	3.04	4.33
K₂O	1.42	1.45	0.32	1.51	0.84	0.90	1.11	0.64
P₂O₅	0.12	0.12	0.10	0.11	0.12	0.10	0.11	0.12
LOI	2.63	2.90	11.69	8.77	10.10	10.91	8.81	11.31
Total	99.07	99.08	99.37	99.26	99.03	99.37	99.24	99.75
La	7.51	7.99	7.18	6.87	8.05	7.50	7.75	9.49
Ce	20.00	19.80	17.00	17.10	19.60	17.50	18.60	22.10
Pr	2.85	2.84	2.63	2.48	2.81	2.54	3.05	2.81
Nd	13.70	13.70	12.40	12.50	14.20	13.90	13.80	13.20
Sm	3.65	3.79	3.20	3.49	3.76	3.67	3.46	3.61
Eu	1.34	1.37	1.34	1.26	1.37	1.38	1.42	1.28
Gd	4.08	4.42	3.63	3.67	4.20	3.96	3.92	3.75
Tb	0.78	0.82	0.68	0.75	0.82	0.72	0.78	0.72
Dy	4.19	4.50	3.54	3.89	4.30	4.07	4.05	3.79
Ho	0.82	0.82	0.72	0.74	0.80	0.73	0.79	0.70
Er	2.06	2.12	1.86	1.94	2.05	1.98	2.09	1.92
Tm	0.30	0.32	0.27	0.28	0.30	0.28	0.31	0.28
Yb	1.80	1.90	1.68	1.75	1.81	1.76	1.82	1.66
Lu	0.26	0.28	0.23	0.26	0.27	0.25	0.25	0.23
Y	20.00	20.70	17.90	19.10	21.50	20.00	19.90	18.10
Sr	524.00	515.00	278.00	379.00	447.00	392.00	426.00	303.00
Rb	48.70	49.90	11.50	49.40	31.10	32.00	42.30	34.40
Ba	395.00	396.00	48.80	389.00	179.00	145.00	234.00	55.50
Th	0.98	0.96	0.83	0.77	0.91	0.75	0.86	0.99
Ta	0.38	0.43	0.36	0.38	0.43	0.35	0.39	0.36
Nb	5.27	5.63	4.81	4.79	5.55	4.34	5.26	5.01
Zr	95.40	85.00	78.90	85.80	90.70	75.70	87.80	76.80
Hf	2.74	2.73	2.53	2.58	2.80	2.06	2.46	2.12
V	335.00	354.00	293.00	325.00	338.00	295.00	320.00	291.00
Cr	360.00	408.00	275.00	338.00	333.00	281.00	352.00	292.00
U	0.27	0.30	0.21	0.20	0.25	0.18	0.25	0.30
Ni	103.00	105.00	90.10	94.00	98.30	84.70	101.00	98.20
(La/Yb)_N	2.99	3.02	3.07	2.82	3.19	3.06	3.05	4.10
δEu	1.06	1.02	1.20	1.07	1.05	1.10	1.17	1.05

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