Characteristics of the Groundwater Seepage and Failure Mechanisms of Landslide Induced by Typhoon Rainstorm
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摘要: 台风暴雨常引发大量的滑坡灾害，造成生命财产损失，因而研究台风暴雨条件下滑坡地下水渗流特征及成因机制对滑坡的防治、预警预报具有重要意义.以浙江省中林村滑坡为例，采用有限元数值方法，模拟了台风暴雨的两种常见工况（工况1：等强度降雨；工况2：渐变强度降雨）下滑坡地下水的暂态渗流场及稳定性.结果表明：两种工况条件下，滑坡地下水渗流特征基本相同，地下水位响应迅速，地下水位位于强风化和中风化接触面附近，且在坡脚形成溢流；但是工况1较工况2地下水水位上升速度快、幅度大；滑坡稳定系数与地下水水位及降雨强度等密切相关，在高强度降雨条件下，随地下水水位上升稳定系数快速下降，水位稳定以后，稳定系数下降速度减缓；中林村滑坡为典型的滑塌-拉裂-蠕滑缓动型变形破坏模式，台风暴雨引起斜坡岩土体地下水水位上升，基质吸力降低和孔隙水压力增加是其发生变形破坏的主要原因.本文所得结论能够为东南沿海地区台风暴雨诱发滑坡的预测预报与防治提供理论支持.Abstract: Typhoon rainstorm usually causes a large number of landslides leading to property and life losses. The research on the characteristics of groundwater seepage and genetic mechanism of landslides, therefore, is of great significance in early warning and forecasting of typhoon-induced-landslide. Taking Zhonglincun landslide located in Zhejiang province as an example, the paper used finite element method to simulate the transient seepage field and stability of the landslide under two conditions including rainfalls with constant intensity of 200 mm/d and gradually increased intensity. The results showed that the characteristics of groundwater seepage under both conditions were almost the same. The groundwater level responded rapidly and finally approached near the contact between strongly and moderately weathered strata, in addition, the ground water overflowed from the slope toe. The rising speed of groundwater level, however, was faster and the range was larger under the first condition. The factor of safety was closely related to the ground water level and rainfall intensity. Under the former condition, factor of safety decreased rapidly with increased water level, the falling speed slowed down after the water level became roughly stable. Failure mode of the Zhonglincun landslide can be summed up as creep-crack and slide-crack-creep, while rise of water table, decrease of matrix suction and increase of pore pressure in the slope were the main reasons leading to the failure of Zhonglincun landslide.
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Key words:
- typhoon rainstorm /
- landslides /
- seepage /
- groundwater /
- failure mechanism /
- engineering geology
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图 7 中林村滑坡累积位移-深度曲线图
Fig. 7. Cumulative displacement-depth curves of Zhonglincun landslide
图 10 工况1滑坡孔隙水压力模拟结果
图中数值单位为kPa
Fig. 10. Pore pressure contours at different steps in the slope in Case 1
图 11 工况1滑坡不同时刻稳定性系数
Fig. 11. Stability coefficient of landslide at different steps in Case 1
图 13 工况2不同时刻边坡内部孔隙水压力分布图
图中数值单位为kPa
Fig. 13. Pore pressure contours at different steps in the slope in Case 2
图 14 中林村滑坡降雨量与地下水水位对比图
Fig. 14. Comparisons between ground water level and rainfall at Zhonglincun landslide site
图 15 工况2斜坡不同时刻稳定性系数
Fig. 15. Stability coefficient of the slope at different steps in Case 1
表 1 中林村滑坡各层岩土体物理力学参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of materials in numerical model of Zhonglincun landslide
参数 含角砾粉质粘土 全风化层 强风化层 中风化层 天然容重(kN/m3) 18.7 19.3 20.0 25.0 饱和体积含水率(%) 30 28 26 25 饱和渗透系数(m/h) 0.050 0.216 0.160 0.100 粘聚力c(kPa) 20.1 19.0 21.0 27.0 内摩擦角φ(°) 21.8 20.0 23.0 26.0 
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