Characteristics of the Groundwater Seepage and Failure Mechanisms of Landslide Induced by Typhoon Rainstorm
-
摘要: 台风暴雨常引发大量的滑坡灾害，造成生命财产损失，因而研究台风暴雨条件下滑坡地下水渗流特征及成因机制对滑坡的防治、预警预报具有重要意义.以浙江省中林村滑坡为例，采用有限元数值方法，模拟了台风暴雨的两种常见工况（工况1：等强度降雨；工况2：渐变强度降雨）下滑坡地下水的暂态渗流场及稳定性.结果表明：两种工况条件下，滑坡地下水渗流特征基本相同，地下水位响应迅速，地下水位位于强风化和中风化接触面附近，且在坡脚形成溢流；但是工况1较工况2地下水水位上升速度快、幅度大；滑坡稳定系数与地下水水位及降雨强度等密切相关，在高强度降雨条件下，随地下水水位上升稳定系数快速下降，水位稳定以后，稳定系数下降速度减缓；中林村滑坡为典型的滑塌-拉裂-蠕滑缓动型变形破坏模式，台风暴雨引起斜坡岩土体地下水水位上升，基质吸力降低和孔隙水压力增加是其发生变形破坏的主要原因.本文所得结论能够为东南沿海地区台风暴雨诱发滑坡的预测预报与防治提供理论支持.Abstract: Typhoon rainstorm usually causes a large number of landslides leading to property and life losses. The research on the characteristics of groundwater seepage and genetic mechanism of landslides, therefore, is of great significance in early warning and forecasting of typhoon-induced-landslide. Taking Zhonglincun landslide located in Zhejiang province as an example, the paper used finite element method to simulate the transient seepage field and stability of the landslide under two conditions including rainfalls with constant intensity of 200 mm/d and gradually increased intensity. The results showed that the characteristics of groundwater seepage under both conditions were almost the same. The groundwater level responded rapidly and finally approached near the contact between strongly and moderately weathered strata, in addition, the ground water overflowed from the slope toe. The rising speed of groundwater level, however, was faster and the range was larger under the first condition. The factor of safety was closely related to the ground water level and rainfall intensity. Under the former condition, factor of safety decreased rapidly with increased water level, the falling speed slowed down after the water level became roughly stable. Failure mode of the Zhonglincun landslide can be summed up as creep-crack and slide-crack-creep, while rise of water table, decrease of matrix suction and increase of pore pressure in the slope were the main reasons leading to the failure of Zhonglincun landslide.
-
Key words:
- typhoon rainstorm /
- landslides /
- seepage /
- groundwater /
- failure mechanism /
- engineering geology
-
图 7 中林村滑坡累积位移-深度曲线图
Fig. 7. Cumulative displacement-depth curves of Zhonglincun landslide
图 10 工况1滑坡孔隙水压力模拟结果
图中数值单位为kPa
Fig. 10. Pore pressure contours at different steps in the slope in Case 1
图 11 工况1滑坡不同时刻稳定性系数
Fig. 11. Stability coefficient of landslide at different steps in Case 1
图 13 工况2不同时刻边坡内部孔隙水压力分布图
图中数值单位为kPa
Fig. 13. Pore pressure contours at different steps in the slope in Case 2
图 14 中林村滑坡降雨量与地下水水位对比图
Fig. 14. Comparisons between ground water level and rainfall at Zhonglincun landslide site
图 15 工况2斜坡不同时刻稳定性系数
Fig. 15. Stability coefficient of the slope at different steps in Case 1
表 1 中林村滑坡各层岩土体物理力学参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of materials in numerical model of Zhonglincun landslide
参数 含角砾粉质粘土 全风化层 强风化层 中风化层 天然容重(kN/m3) 18.7 19.3 20.0 25.0 饱和体积含水率(%) 30 28 26 25 饱和渗透系数(m/h) 0.050 0.216 0.160 0.100 粘聚力c(kPa) 20.1 19.0 21.0 27.0 内摩擦角φ(°) 21.8 20.0 23.0 26.0 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] Anderson, M.P., Woessner, W.W., 1992.Applied Groundwater Modeling; Simulation of Flow and Advective Transport.Academic Press Inc., New York. [2] Brand, E.W., Premehitt, J., Phillipson, H.B., 1984.Relationship Between Rainfall And Landslides in Hong Kong.In; Proc.4th Int.Symp, On landslides, Toronto, Onta-rio.Bl.Teeh Publishers, Vancouver, Canada.377-384. [3] Cai, F., Ugai, K., 2004.Numerical Analysis of Rainfall Effects on Slope Stability.International Journal of Geomechanics, 4(2):69-78.doi: 10.1061/(asce)1532-3641(2004)4:2(69) [4] Caine, N., 1980.The Rainfall Intensity:Duration Control of Shallow Landslides and Debris Flows.Geografiska Annaler:Series A, Physical Geography, 62(1/2):23.doi: 10.2307/520449 [5] Caleaterra, D., Parise, M., Palma, B., et al., 2000.The Influence of Meteoric Events in Triggering Shallow Landslides in Pyroclastic Deposits of Campania, Italy.In:Proeeedings 8th Inter-National Sympo-Sium on Landslides, Cardiff, 209-214. [6] Chen, G.P., 2011.Study on Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Slope Geological Hazard Induced by Typhoon in Wenzhou (Dissertation).Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu (in Chinese with English abstract). [7] Chen, X., Liu, J.X., 2007.Analysis on Typhoon Catastrophe in Fujian, Taking 200519#"Rongwang"Typhoon as an Example.Journal of Quanzhou Normal University, 25(2):86-90 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-8224.2007.02.020 [8] Chert, C.Y., Chen, T., C., Yu, F.C., et al., 2005.Rainfall Duration and Debris-Flow Initiated Studies for Real-Time Monitoring.Environmental Geology, 47(5):715-724.doi: 10.1007/s00254-004-1203-0 [9] Cui, P., Chen, S.C., Su, F.H., et al., 2010.Formation and Mitigation Countermeasure of Geo-Hazards Caused by Moarc Typhoon in Taiwan.Journal of Mountain Science, 28(1):103-115 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SDYA201001016.htm [10] Feng, H.J., Zhou, AG., Yu, J.A., 2016.Comparative Study on Plum-Rain-Triggered Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Models in West Zhejiang Province.Earth Science, 41(3):403-415 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.1186/s40677-017-0078-9 [11] Han, H., 2005.The Study on the Typhoon Rainstorm Nearly 50 Years in China (Dissertation).Normal University, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract). [12] Han, J., 2012.Physical Simulation Study on the Formation Mechanism of Typhoon Landslide in Wenzhou Region (Dissertation).Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu (in Chinese with English abstract). [13] Iverson, R.M., 2000.Landslide Triggering by Rain Infiltration.Water Resources Research, 36(7):1897-1910.doi: 10.1029/2000wr900090 [14] Kong, W.W., Zhao, Q.H., Han, J., et al., 2013.Model Experiments for Deformation and Failure Mechanism of Typhoon Induced Landslide.Journal of Engineering Geology, 21(2):297-303 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GCDZ201302018.htm [15] Liu, L.L., Yin, K.L., 2008.Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration Mechanism of Rainstorm Landslide.Rock and Soil Mechanics, 29(4):1061-1066 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX200804042.htm [16] Lou, W.P., Hu, L.H., Deng, S.R., et al., 2006.Causes and Characteristics of Disasters of 0513 Typhoon Talim.Journal of Catastrophology, 21(2):85-89 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2006.02.018 [17] Qiu, W.Y., 2014.Characteristics of Tro-Pical Cyclone Extreme Precipitation and Its Preliminary Causes in China's South-East Coast (Dissertation).Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing (in Chinese with English abstract). [18] Wu, Y.P., Zhang, Q.X., Tang, H.M., 2014.Landslide Hazard Warning Based on Effective Rainfall Intensity.Earth Science, 39(7):889-895 (in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288065460_Landslide... [19] Xia, M., Ren, G.M., Ma, X.L., 2014.Dynamic Responses of Groundwater Seepage of Landslide Influenced by Fluctuation of Reservoir Water Level.Journal of Southwest JiaoTong University, 49(3):399-405. http://industry.wanfangdata.com.cn/dl/Detail/Periodical?id=... [20] Xie, J.M., Liu, L.L., Yin, K.L., et al., 2003.Study on the Threshold Valves of Rainfall of Landslide Hazards for Early-Warning and Prediction in Zhejiang Province.Geological Science and Technology Information, 22(4):101-105 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ200304019.htm [21] Yarahmadi Bafghi, A.R., Verdel, T., 2005.Sarma-Based Key-Group Method for Rock Slope Reliability Analyses.International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 29(10):1019-1043.doi: 10.1002/nag.447 [22] Zhang, T.L., Zhou, A.G., Sun, Q., et al., 2016.Characteristics and Deformation failure Mode of Geological Hazards in Yixian County, Southern Anhui Province.Geology and Exploration, 24(5):477-487 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://industry.wanfangdata.com.cn/dl/Detail/Periodical?id=... [23] Zhou, C.B., Li, D.Q., 2009.Advances in Rainfall-Induced Landslides Mechanism and Risk Mitigation.Advances in Earth Science, 24(5):477-487 (in Chinese with English abstract). http://www.adearth.ac.cn/EN/Y2009/V24/I5/477 [24] 陈光平, 2011. 台风引发温州市斜坡地质灾害的发育分布及影响因素研究(硕士学位论文). 成都: 成都理工大学. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10616-1011235477.htm [25] 陈香, 刘景秀, 2007.福建省2005年"龙王"台风灾害链巨灾分析.泉州师范学院学报, 25(2):86-90. http://edu.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/Detail/bjsfdxxb200702021 [26] 韩晖, 2005. 近50年中国台风暴雨研究(硕士学位论文). 北京师范大学博士论文. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Thesis/Y755995 [27] 韩俊, 2012. 温州地区台风滑坡形成机理物理模拟研究(硕士学位论文). 成都: 成都理工大学. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10616-1012499901.htm [28] 娄伟平, 吴利红, 邓盛蓉, 等, 2006.0513号台风"泰利"灾害成因及特征分析.灾害学, 21(2):85-89. http://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL-ZGQX200610013031.htm [29] 刘礼领, 殷坤龙, 2008.暴雨型滑坡降水入渗机理分析.岩土力学, 29(4):1061-1066. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ytlx200804042&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ [30] 邱文玉, 2014. 我国东南沿海台风极端降水特征及成因初探(硕士学位论文). 南京: 南京信息工程大学. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10300-1015566470.htm [31] 夏敏, 任光明, 马鑫磊, 等, 2014.库水位涨落条件下滑坡地下水渗流场动态特征.西南交通大学学报, 49(3):399-405. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/xnjtdxxb201403005 [32] 谢剑明, 刘礼领, 殷坤龙, 等, 2003.浙江省滑坡灾害预警预报的降雨阀值研究.地质科技情报, 22(4):101-105. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzkjqb200304019 [33] 周创兵, 李典庆, 2009.暴雨诱发滑坡致灾机理与减灾方法研究进展.地球科学进展, 24(5):477-487. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkxjz200905003 [34] 张泰丽, 周爱国, 孙强, 等, 2016.安徽南部黟县地质灾害特点及变形破坏模式.地质与勘探, 52(2):292-299. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dzykt201602011 [35] 崔鹏, 陈树群, 苏凤环, 等, 2010.台湾"莫拉克"台风诱发山地灾害成因与启示.山地学报, 28(1):103-115. http://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=sdya201001016&dbname=CJFD&dbcode=CJFQ [36] 孔维伟, 赵其华, 韩俊, 等, 2013.台风滑坡变形破坏机制模型试验研究.工程地质学报, 21(2):297-303. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gcdzxb201302016 [37] 冯杭建, 周爱国, 俞剑君, 2016.浙西梅雨滑坡易发性评价模型对比.地球科学, 41(3):403-415. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=3259 [38] 吴益平, 张秋霞, 唐辉明, 2014.基于有效降雨强度的滑坡灾害危险性预警.地球科学, 39(7):889-895. http://www.earth-science.net/WebPage/Article.aspx?id=2892 -
点击查看大图
图(16) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 4817
- HTML全文浏览量: 1954
- PDF下载量: 32
- 被引次数: 0
