丰宁黄土-古土壤剖面常量元素地球化学特征

毛欣; 刘林敬; 李长安; 张玉芬; 赵红梅; 毕志伟; 姜高磊

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2017.538

丰宁黄土-古土壤剖面常量元素地球化学特征

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.538

1.
中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所，河北石家庄 050061
2.
中国地质大学地球科学学院，湖北武汉 430074
3.
中国地质大学地球物理与空间信息学院，湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项 YWF201411

国家自然科学基金项目 41602194

详细信息

作者简介:
毛欣(1989-)，男，研究实习员，主要从事第四纪环境演变方面的研究

通讯作者:
李长安

中图分类号: P595
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-12-29
- 刊出日期: 2017-10-18

Elemental Composition Features of Loess-Paleosol Profile in Fengning, Hebei Province

1.
Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, China
2.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 丰宁滦河上游的河谷地带有多处黄土堆积，由于该地区黄土分布零星、厚度较小，在以往的研究中却很少引起人们的关注，然而该地区黄土堆积是河北坝上地区环境演化和气候变化的重要地质记录.为了探讨该地区黄土的成因、物源以及化学风化强度，选取代表性的黄土-古土壤剖面77个样品进行了常量元素分析，并与已知典型风成堆积物的地球化学元素特征进行对比.结果表明：(1) 丰宁剖面的主要常量元素(SiO₂、Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃)之和以及UCC(Upper Continental Crust)标准化曲线均与典型风成堆积物具有较好的相似性, 表明丰宁黄土和古土壤为风成成因；(2) 丰宁黄土处于初等化学风化阶段，古土壤则进入了中等化学风化阶段.与典型风成堆积物相比，化学风化强度序列为：宣城风成红土＞＞西峰红黏土、镇江下蜀土＞丰宁古土壤、洛川古土壤＞洛川黄土＞丰宁黄土；(3) 常量元素迁移特征表明丰宁黄土和古土壤的化学风化已完成了早期去Na、Ca阶段，并进入到了中期去K阶段；(4) 丰宁黄土、古土壤的K₂O/Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃比值与洛川黄土、洛川古土壤、镇江下蜀土、西峰红黏土较为接近，表明这些风成堆积物可能具有相似的源区.而TiO₂/Al₂O₃比值小于其他风成堆积物, 指示丰宁剖面具有其他物源.
- 丰宁黄土-古土壤 /
- 成因 /
- 化学风化强度 /
- 元素迁移 /
- 物源 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The loess deposited in the upper reaches of the Luanhe River valley is an important geological record of past palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment in the Bashang Plateau of Hebei Province. Due to the scattered distribution and small thickness of the loess in this region, it has attracted little attention in previous studies. In order to discuss the genesis, provenance and chemical weathering intensity of loess in this region, the elemental composition analysis of 77 samples from typical loess-paleosol profile was carried out and compared with known typical aeolian deposits. The results show that: (1) The sum of major elements (SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃) and UCC (Upper Continental Crust)-normalized patterns of Fengning profile are similar to those of typical aeolian deposits, indicating that Fengning loess and paleosol were aeolian; (2) Fengning loess underwent weak chemical weathering and paleosol underwent moderate chemical weathering. Compared with the typical aeolian deposits, the sequence of chemical weathering intensity is as follows: Xuancheng aeolian red earth > > Xifeng red clay and Zhenjiang Xiashu loess > Fengning paleosol and Luochuan paleosol > Luochuan loess > Fengning leoss; (3) The migration feature of major elements reveal that Fengning loess and paleosol finished the primary process of chemical weathering characterized by leaching of Ca and Na, and almost reached the secondary process characterized by leaching of K; (4) The scatter diagram of K₂O/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ are similar to that of Luochuan loess, Luochuan paleosol, Zhenjiang Xiashu loess and Xifeng red clay, indicating that these aeolian deposits might have the same source. The ratio of TiO₂/ Al₂O₃ is less than that of other aeolian deposits, indicating that Fengning loess and paleosol have other source.
- Fengning loess-paleosol /
- genesis /
- chemical weathering intensity /
- element migration /
- provenance /
- geochemistry

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图 1 丰宁剖面地理位置(a)和地貌位置(b)

Fig. 1. egional location (a) and geomorphic location (b) of the Fengning profile

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 丰宁剖面磁化率曲线(c)与洛川黄土磁化率(a)、深海氧同位素曲线(b)的对比

图a据Heller and Liu(1982)；图b据Martinson et al.(1987)；图c中蓝色和红色曲线分别代表低频磁化率X_lf和高频磁化率X_hf

Fig. 2. The variations of magnetic susceptibility in the Fengning profile (c) compared with that of loess in Luochuan (a) and the δ¹⁸O from SPECMAP (b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 丰宁黄土和古土壤及其与其他风成堆积物常量元素的UCC标准化曲线分布模式

图 3数据来源同表 2

Fig. 3. UCC-normalized pattern of elements of the Fengning profile and other aeolian dust deposits

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图 4 丰宁黄土和古土壤及其与其他风成堆积物的化学风化参数CIA、Na/K关系散点图(a)、丰宁剖面CIA、Na/K曲线变化特征(b)

图 4数据来源同表 2

Fig. 4. Scatter diagram of CIA vs. Na/K molar ratio of the Fengning profile and other aeolian dust deposits (a), and variation of CIA and Na/K in Fengning profile (b)

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图 5 丰宁黄土和古土壤及其与其他风成堆积物的A-CN-K化学风化趋势

图 5数据来源同表 2；A=Al₂O₃; CN=CaO^*+Na₂O; K=K₂O

Fig. 5. CN-K ternary diagram of the Fengning profile and other aeolian dust deposits

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图 6 丰宁剖面常量元素相对于Al元素的迁移率

Fig. 6. Migration ratio of elements of the Fengning profile

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图 7 丰宁黄土和古土壤及其与其他风成堆积物的K₂O/Al₂O₃、TiO₂/ Al₂O₃和Fe₂O₃/ Al₂O₃比值散点图

Fig. 7. Scatter diagram of K₂O/Al₂O₃、TiO₂/ Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/ Al₂O₃ molar ratio of the Fengning profile and other aeolian deposits

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 丰宁剖面光释光(OSL)测年结果

Table 1. Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating in the Fengning profile

样品编号	埋深(m)	U(10^-6)	Th(10^-6)	K(%)	ED(Gy)	Dy(Gy/ka)	含水量(%)	年龄(ka)
FN1-1	1.18	1.71	8.92	1.84	192.36±7.02	3.25±0.13	16.44	59.2±3.2
FN1-2	2.36	1.52	8.00	1.94	203.51±2.36	3.31±0.13	9.33	61.5±2.6
FN1-3	3.15	1.75	8.35	1.97	255.48±8.61	3.38±0.14	11.81	75.5±4.0
FN1-4	4.10	2.21	11.51	2.03	305.14±9.30	3.79±0.15	15.47	80.5±4.0
FN2-4	8.21	1.67	8.73	2.08	787.34±13.73	3.45±0.14	11.61	228.3±10.0
注：ED为等效剂量(equivalent dosimeter)；Dy为年剂量(yearly dosimeter).

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表 2 丰宁黄土和古土壤常量元素含量(%)及其与其他风成堆积物的比较

Table 2. The element contents (%) of the Fengning profile and other aeolian dust deposits

采样位置		SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	K₂O	Na₂O	CaO	MgO	MnO	TiO₂	P₂O₅	CIA
丰宁黄土n=63	最大值	64.38	14.05	5.41	2.54	1.88	9.46	2.40	0.07	0.43	0.06	67.34
	最小值	45.99	9.67	3.52	1.96	1.25	1.02	1.46	0.04	0.31	0.02	53.59
	平均值	54.33	11.79	4.46	2.23	1.55	4.90	1.96	0.06	0.36	0.04	61.00
丰宁古土壤n=14	最大值	61.39	14.77	5.46	2.41	1.35	3.60	2.07	0.07	0.42	0.04	70.68
	最小值	55.75	12.47	4.55	2.22	1.09	1.06	1.61	0.04	0.37	0.02	65.97
	平均值	59.10	13.49	5.15	2.31	1.21	1.69	1.86	0.06	0.41	0.03	67.56
洛川黄土n=12	平均值	66.40	14.20	4.81	3.01	1.66	1.02	2.29	0.07	0.73	0.15	63.73
洛川古土壤n=13	平均值	65.18	14.79	5.12	3.15	1.41	0.83	2.21	0.08	0.75	0.11	67.36
镇江下蜀土n=54	平均值	68.07	13.32	5.30	2.35	0.92	1.00	1.61	0.09	0.81	0.18	70.45
西峰红黏土n=5	平均值	63.75	15.05	5.28	3.00	1.16	0.90	2.89	0.08	0.76	0.15	69.11
宣城风成红土n=64	平均值	68.77	13.71	6.52	1.38	0.14	0.11	0.54	0.04	1.06	0.06	87.55
上陆壳(UCC)	平均值	66.00	15.20	5.00	3.40	3.90	4.20	2.20	0.06	0.50	0.50	47.92
陆源页岩	平均值	62.80	18.90	7.22	3.70	1.20	1.30	2.20	0.11	0.16	1.00	70.36

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