Characteristics and Implication of Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes in Ga-Rich Manganese-Bearing Rock Series in Dongping, Guangxi
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摘要: 在广西东平碳酸锰矿含锰岩系中发现Ga含量高异常，Ga含量为5.16×10-6~82.80×10-6，平均含量为33.76×10-6，达到了Ga矿资源工业品位标准要求，但目前还未见有产Ga锰矿床的报道.为了提升对此富Ga现象的认识，对其进行了碳、氧同位素特征研究.结果显示：矿石和围岩δ13CPDB值分别为-6.40‰~-2.20‰、-8.90‰~0.90‰，δ18OPDB值分别为-9.00‰~-7.90‰、-9.90‰~-3.90‰.研究表明：（1）有机质参与了碳酸锰矿形成；（2）含锰岩系为热水沉积成因，Ga来源与海底热液活动密切有关；（3）海底热液活动一方面为形成锰碳酸盐直接或间接提供了大量有机质，另一方面为形成富Ga含锰岩系带来了大量Ga，被锰的氧化物或氢氧化物、海洋生物（多为热液微生物）所吸附、富集，经复杂的成岩、成矿作用而最终赋存于含锰岩系之中形成富Ga含锰岩系.Abstract: Recently, an unusually high content of Ga was discovered in manganese carbonate deposits of the Beisi Formation in Dongping area, Guangxi. The content of Ga is between 5.16×10-6 and 82.80×10-6, and the average content is 33.76×10-6, which reaches the industrial grade of Ga. But, to date Ga is not extracted from manganese deposits. In order to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon, the results of carbon and oxygen isotopes in the Ga-rich manganese-bearing rock series are reported in this paper. The results show that δ13CPDB of ores and host rocks are -6.40‰ to -2.20‰ and -8.90‰ to 0.90‰, respectively; δ18OPDB of ores and host rocks are -9.00‰ to -7.90‰ and -9.90‰ to -3.90‰, respectively. The results of the research show that (1) organic matter participates in the formation of manganese carbonate; (2) the Ga-rich manganese-bearing rock series belong to hydrothermal sedimentary genesis, and the source of Ga is related to seafloor hydrothermal activity; (3) seafloor hydrothermal activity plays a key role in the mineralization process of this Ga-rich manganese-bearing rock series, it directly or indirectly provides a large amount of organic matter to formation of manganese carbonates, on the other hand, it brought a lot of Ga that can be adsorbed by manganese oxides or hydroxide, marine organisms (mostly hydrothermal microorganism), then Ga concentrated in manganese-bearing rock series by complex diagenesis and mineralization.
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Key words:
- manganese deposit /
- Ga anomaly /
- carbon and oxygen isotopes /
- ore deposits
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图 2 东平锰矿区综合地层柱状图
Fig. 2. Comprehensive stratigraphic column of Manganese-bearing rock assemblages in Dongping area
图 3 东平富Ga含锰岩系沉积结构和构造
a.纹层状构造；b.条带状构造；c.斑状结构；d.角砾状构造
Fig. 3. Textures and sedimentary structures of Dongping Ga-rich manganese-bearing rock series
图 4 根据分馏方程计算的不同矿物(方解石(a)；菱锰矿(b))温度和流体氧同位素关系
Fig. 4. Plots of equilibrium relationship between temperature and δ18OPDB mineral (calcite (a); rhodochrosite (b)) for various δ18OSMOW fluid from fractionation equation
图 5 东平富Ga含锰岩系Z与δ13CPDB(a)、δ18OPDB(b)的相关关系
Fig. 5. Plots of relationship between Z values and δ13CPDB (a) or δ18OPDB (b) for Dongping Ga-rich manganese-bearing rock series
图 6 东平富Ga含锰岩系围岩(a)和矿石(b)δ18OPDB与δ13CPDB相关关系
Fig. 6. Plots of relationship between δ13C PDB and δ18O PDB for host rocks (a) or ores (b) of Dongping Ga-rich manganese-bearing rock series
表 1 东平富Ga含锰岩系碳、氧同位素组成及古温度和Z值
Table 1. δ13CPDB, δ18OPDB, Z values and paleotemperatures of Dongping Ga-rich manganese-bearing rock series
序号 样品编号 采样深度(m) 岩石类型 δ13CPDB (‰) δ18OPDB (‰) t1 (℃) t2 (℃) t3 (℃) Z 1 TK-14 地表 硅质泥灰岩 0.90 -3.90 35.90 33.53 35.50 127.20 2 7213-H05 138 硅质泥灰岩 -2.20 -9.60 66.74 70.58 68.16 118.01 3 7213-H07 177 碳酸锰矿 -6.40 -8.20 59.16 60.68 59.54 110.11 4 7213-H08 184 硅质泥灰岩 -2.90 -9.60 66.74 70.58 68.16 116.58 5 7213-H10 190 硅质泥灰岩 -2.90 -9.30 65.11 68.41 66.28 116.73 6 7213-H11 192 碳酸锰矿 -3.50 -90 63.49 66.27 64.42 115.65 7 7213-H12 196 硅质泥灰岩 -2.70 -9.90 68.36 72.78 70.06 116.84 8 7601-H07 151 硅质泥灰岩 -2.40 -9.30 65.11 68.41 66.28 117.75 9 7601-H08 154 碳酸锰矿 -3.50 -8.90 62.95 65.56 63.80 115.70 10 7601-H11 159 碳酸锰矿 -4.80 -8.70 61.87 64.15 62.58 113.14 11 7601-H16 251 碳酸锰矿 -4.10 -8.40 60.24 62.06 60.75 114.72 12 7601-H18 260 碳酸锰矿 -3.50 -8.90 62.95 65.56 63.80 115.70 13 7601-H20 267 碳酸锰矿 -3.50 -8.60 61.33 63.45 61.96 115.85 14 7601-H22 280 硅质泥灰岩 -2.60 -9.60 66.74 70.58 68.16 117.19 15 1102-H10 128 碳酸锰矿 -2.20 -8.80 62.41 64.85 63.19 118.41 16 1102-H12 131 碳酸锰矿 -2.40 -7.90 57.54 58.63 57.74 118.45 17 KC-1 地表 碳酸锰矿 -5.40 -8.50 60.79 62.75 61.36 112.01 18 KC-2 碳酸锰矿 -5.50 -8.60 61.33 63.45 61.96 111.75 
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