砂岩型铀矿的双重还原介质模型及其联合控矿机理:兼论大营和钱家店铀矿床

焦养泉; 吴立群; 荣辉

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2017.512

砂岩型铀矿的双重还原介质模型及其联合控矿机理:兼论大营和钱家店铀矿床

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.512

中国地质大学构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430074

基金项目:

中国核工业地质局高校科技攻关项目 201409

国家重点基础研究发展计划（"973"计划）项目子课题 2015CB453003

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 G1323511660

中国核工业地质局高校科技攻关项目 201150

国土资源部中央地质勘查基金专题研究项目 2013150011

中国石油辽河油田分公司重大项目 LHYT-TLYK-2012-JS-8593

中国石油辽河油田分公司重大项目 LHYT-KTXMGLB-2010-JS-13848

国土资源部铀矿整装勘查综合研究项目 12120114076501

国土资源部铀矿整装勘查综合研究项目 12120114014301

中国核工业地质局高校科技攻关项目 2016026329

国土资源部中央地质勘查基金专题研究项目 2008150013

国家自然科学基金项目 41502105

详细信息

作者简介:
焦养泉(1963-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事沉积盆地分析与能源矿产研究的教学与科研工作

中图分类号: P611
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-08-20
- 刊出日期: 2018-02-15

Model of Inner and Outer Reductive Media Within Uranium Reservoir Sandstone of Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposits and Its Ore-Controlling Mechanism: Case Studies in Daying and Qianjiadian Uranium Deposits

Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

摘要

摘要: 含铀岩系的还原介质可以依据与铀储层砂体的产出关系划分为内部还原介质和外部还原介质.铀储层砂体的双重还原介质对铀成矿同等重要.铀储层砂体中的层间氧化作用直接与内部还原介质相关，但是当叠加有外部还原介质时，外部还原介质将通过不同的方式大大增强铀储层砂体的整体还原能力，这种组合的出现有利于稳定的层间氧化带发育和持续的铀成矿.沉积期的古气候和沉积环境决定了含铀岩系还原介质的类型和丰度，以及铀储层砂体双重还原介质的组合规律，并从根本上决定了成矿期层间氧化带的发育规模.在进行砂岩型铀矿的勘查预测时，需要将双重还原介质模型评价与具体盆地的地质背景和成矿期控矿条件研究相结合，才能获得理想的结果.
- 还原剂 /
- 地质模型 /
- 铀储层 /
- 砂岩型铀矿 /
- 矿床学
Abstract: The Daying and Qianjiadian uranium deposits, the reductive media within uranium-bearing series are divided into inner reductive media and outer reductive media according to its occurrence relationship with uranium reservoir sandstone. The assemblage of the inner and outer reductive media was in favor of the formation of the interlayer oxidation zone and continuous uranium mineralization. It is found that the interlayer oxidation within uranium reservoir sandstone was directly related with the inner reductive media and the reducibility of uranium reservoir sandstone was largely enhanced when the outer reductive media participated in the process of interlayer oxidation. The reductive media outside uranium reservoir sandstone was just as important to uranium mineralization as the reductive media inside uranium reservoir sandstone. Types and abundance of the reductive media inside and outside uranium reservoir sandstone and their spatial distribution were affected by the synsedimentary palaeoclimate and depositional environment of uranium-bearing series which basically constrained the scale of interlayer oxidation zone. The desired results will be achieved during prospecting prediction for the sandstone-type uranium deposit based on evaluation of the model of the double reductive media associated with the studies of geological background and ore-controlling conditions in the uranium mineralization stage.
- reductive media /
- geological model /
- uranium reservoir /
- sandstone-type uranium deposit /
- ore deposit

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图 1 铀储层砂体内部的还原介质——炭质碎屑和黄铁矿

a.具有定向排列和磨圆性质的炭质碎屑，ZKT63-0，634.80 m，J₂z^1-1，大营铀矿床；b.产出于炭质碎屑周边的结核状黄铁矿，ZKD95-16，714.9 m，大营铀矿床；c.围绕炭质碎屑生长的黄铁矿结核，钱Ⅲ-23-20，430.2 m，钱家店铀矿床

Fig. 1. Reductive media including carbonaceous fragments and pyrite inside the uranium reservoir sandstone

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图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地东北部神山沟地区直罗组铀储层砂体冲刷面附近的炭质碎屑

不同级别冲刷面之上均发育有炭质碎屑，炭质碎屑长轴平行于冲刷面分布；深灰色团块为泥砾，黄铁矿也为灰色团块但大多数具有褐色氧化环带

Fig. 2. Carbonaceous fragments distributed around the erodsion surface within the uranium reservoir sandstone of the Zhiluo Formation in the Shenshangou area, northeastern Ordos basin

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图 3 铀储层砂体中的黄铁矿

a.围绕炭质碎屑周边发育的黄铁矿镶边结构，ZK323-01，499.6 m，双龙铀矿床；b.充填于炭质碎屑细胞腔中的黄铁矿，扫描电镜，Ⅳ-09-05-19，钱家店铀矿床；c.围绕泥砾周边发育的黄铁矿镶边结构，ZK1501，248.0 m，双龙铀矿床；d.分布于粒间孔隙中的莓球状及外围复杂生长结构的黄铁矿，扫描电镜，Ⅳ-09-05-15，钱家店铀矿床

Fig. 3. Pyrite inside the uranium reservoir sandstone

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图 4 哈萨克斯坦下伊犁煤岩型铀矿床次生氧化作用与铀矿化关系

赵凤民(2015)

Fig. 4. Relationship between secondary oxidation and uranium mineralization of the coal-type uranium deposit in the lower Yili basin, Kazakhstan

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图 5 砂岩型铀矿的双重还原介质联合控矿机理的概念模型

据焦养泉等(2015a)修改

Fig. 5. Conceptual model of the ore-controlling mechanism of the reductive media inside and outside uranium reservoir sandstone

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图 6 松辽盆地南部钱家店铀矿床姚家组湖泊扩展体系域第1小层序(SQ_K2y-EST(Pss1))沉积环境、铀储层砂体、外部还原介质、层间氧化带与铀成矿的空间配置关系

据焦养泉等(2015a)修改；a.含铀岩系发育的沉积体系图(辫状分流河道朝北东方向分岔，在图幅东北角相变为分流间湾)；b.分流间湾暗色泥岩厚度与铀矿化体叠合图(注意铀矿化位于大规模暗色泥岩的迎水面一侧，显示铀储层外部还原介质与铀矿化关系密切)；c.铀储层砂体中氧化砂体厚度图(与暗色泥岩厚度呈互补关系)；d.铀储层砂体内部层间氧化带分带性与铀储层砂体中TOC含量叠合图(两者呈负相关)

Fig. 6. Spatial arrangement of the depositional environment, uranium reservoir sandstone, outer reductive media, interlayer oxidation zone and uranium mineralization of the Yaojia Formation(SQ_K2y-EST(Pss1) in the Qianjiadian uranium deposit, southern Songliao basin

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图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地大营铀矿床直罗组下段聚煤作用与铀矿化空间配置关系

a.ZKT111-16井直罗组下段薄煤层与铀矿化共生关系；b.ZK11-21井直罗组下段薄煤层与铀矿化共生关系；c.上亚段暗色泥岩厚度与铀矿化空间配置关系；d.下亚段煤层厚度与铀矿化空间配置关系

Fig. 7. Spatial arrangement of the coal accumulation and uranium mineralization of the lower part of Zhiluo Formation in the Daying uranium deposit, northeastern Ordos basin

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图 8 贺兰山延安组煤层中的砂质水道充填

a.泥炭沼泽发育末期的河道冲刷现象；b.泥炭沼泽发育过程中小型河道冲刷现象

Fig. 8. Sandy channel filling among the coal of the Ya'an Formation in the Helan Mountain

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图 9 鄂尔多斯盆地东北部直罗组铀储层砂体对下伏延安组工业煤层的区域冲刷及其两者空间配置关系模型

在河道型铀储层砂体与工业煤层接触处是煤层气运移的主要通道

Fig. 9. Channel sandstone (uranium reservoir sandstone) of the Zhiluo Formation eroding primary coal seam of underling Yan'an Formation and their spatial allocation in the Shenmu area, northeastern Ordos basin

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图 10 成煤过程的外部还原介质输导含烃流体导致铀储层砂体中黄铁矿大量产生

a.延安组煤层还原介质向上运移进入直罗组铀储层砂体中导致大规模的黄铁矿胶结作用，剖面上黄色为黄铁矿结核写实，东胜神山沟露头剖面；b和c分别为东胜神山沟露头剖面单位区间黄铁矿发育个数(密度)和黄铁矿长轴规模统计图(统计显示黄铁矿的密度和粒度均向上降低和减小，反映胶结事件与下伏煤层关系密切)；d.延安组煤层及其上覆直罗组铀储层砂体中发育的黄铁矿ZKD96-55(显示黄铁矿胶结作用与下伏煤层关系密切)，635.8 m，大营铀矿

Fig. 10. Numerous pyrite in the uranium reservoir sandstone formed by hydrocarbon fluid transformed from outer reductive media during the coal-forming process

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图 11 巴彦乌拉矿床煤层作为外部还原介质促使铀成矿的典型勘探剖面

Fig. 11. Typical geological section along exploratory line showing the coal seam serving as outer reductive media prompting the uranium mineralization in the Bayanwula uranium deposit

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图 12 二连盆地断坳转换末期巴彦乌拉铀矿床成矿模式

据鲁超等(2013)修改

Fig. 12. Metallogenic model of the Bayanwula uranium deposit during the late stage of the fault-sag transition of the Erlian basin

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表 1 几种古气候背景和沉积环境条件下发育的还原介质组合规律

Table 1. Assemblage of the reductive media developed in different palaeoclimate and depositional environment

沉积期		还原介质组合规律		典型盆地及层位		典型矿床(田)	氧化带纵向发育规模(km)
古气候类型	沉积环境	内部还原介质类型	外部还原介质类型	典型盆地及层位		典型矿床(田)	氧化带纵向发育规模(km)
相对干旱	辫状分流河道	炭质碎屑+黄铁矿 (贫乏)	/	松辽盆地姚家组		钱家店铀矿床	＞250
相对干旱	分流间湾	/	暗色泥岩 (分散有机质+黄铁矿)	松辽盆地姚家组		钱家店铀矿床	＞250
相对潮湿		炭质碎屑+黄铁矿 (丰富)	(工业)煤层+炭质泥岩	伊犁盆地	水西沟群	伊犁铀矿田	2~15
相对潮湿		炭质碎屑+黄铁矿 (丰富)	(工业)煤层+炭质泥岩	吐哈盆地	水西沟群	十红滩铀矿床	2~15
潮湿→干旱	辫状河、辫状分流河道、分流河道	炭质碎屑+黄铁矿 (介于潮湿与干旱之间)	/	鄂尔多斯盆地直罗组		东胜铀矿田	150
潮湿→干旱	泛滥平原、分流间湾	/	薄煤层(煤线)+暗色泥岩	鄂尔多斯盆地直罗组		东胜铀矿田	150

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